Nature Of Evidence Research Articles

Qualitative assessment of evidence-informed adolescent mental health policymaking in India: insights from project SAMA

BackgroundThe importance of evidence-informed health policymaking is widely recognized. However, many low- and middle-income countries lack evidence-informed mental health policies due to insufficient data, stigma or lack of resources. Various policies address adolescent mental health in India, but published knowledge on their evidence-informed nature is limited. In this paper, we report results of our analysis of the role of evidence in adolescent mental health policymaking in India.MethodsThis paper reports findings from the document analysis of key policy documentation (n = 10) and in-depth interviews with policy actors including policymakers, researchers, practitioners and intermediaries (n = 13). Framework analysis was used, informed by the components of a conceptual framework adapted from the literature: actors, policy and evidence processes, nature of evidence itself and contextual influences.ResultsResults show that adolescent mental health policies in India were generally evidence-informed, with more key evidence becoming generally available from 2010 onwards. Both formal and informal evidence informed mental health policies, particularly agenda-setting and policy development. Mental health policymaking in India is deemed important yet relatively neglected due to competing policy priorities and structural barriers such as stigma. Use of evidence in mental health policymaking reflected differing values, interests, relative powers and ideologies of policy actors. Involvement of government officials in evidence generation often resulted in successful evidence uptake in policy decisions. Policy actors often favoured formal and quantitative evidence, with a tendency to accept global evidence that aligns with personal values.ConclusionsThere is a need to ensure a balanced and complementary combination of formal and informal evidence for policy decisions. Evidence generation, dissemination and use for policy processes should recognize evidence preferences by key stakeholders, while prioritizing locally available evidence where possible. To help this, a balanced involvement of policy actors can ensure complementary perspectives in evidence production and policy agendas. This continued generation and promotion of evidence can also help reduce societal stigma around mental health and promote mental health as a key policy priority.

Gamified Interventions for Promoting the Psychosocial Well-Being of School-Aged Children: A Scoping Review.

Gamified health interventions can offer child-centered and tailored health-promoting strategies. Evidence suggests that its various mechanics foster engagement that can be utilized to promote health and well-being and influence health behavior. At present, psychosocial challenges among school-aged children are becoming a global predicament. We conducted a scoping review to explore the range and nature of evidence on gamified interventions for promoting the psychosocial well-being of school-aged children from the general population. We followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework and extracted sources of evidence from five databases. Our review findings were summarized with basic numerical analysis and provided with narrative accounts based on a gamification taxonomy and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). We identified 12 gamified interventions and included 23 records that reported their development and evaluation. Theories on emotions, behaviors, social skills, and mental health were commonly applied frameworks. Narrative was found as the most commonly used gamification mechanic (11/12, 91.7%), followed by avatar and tasks (10/12, 83.3%), feedback system and level progression (9/12, 75%), points (7/12, 58.3%), badges (5/12, 41.7%), progress bar (4/12, 33.3%), and virtual goods, reminders, and time pressure (2/12, 16.7%). The included sources of evidence reported significant improvements in some of the measured psychosocial outcomes; however, studies on this domain for this particular target group are still considerably limited. Further research is needed to determine how the applied theories and gamification mechanics brought about the change in psychosocial outcomes, bridging the gap in current evidence.

Mapping the evidence on integrated service delivery for non-communicable and infectious disease comorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a scoping review

IntroductionThe concurrent occurrence of infectious diseases (IDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) presents complex healthcare challenges in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where healthcare systems often grapple with limited resources. While an integrated...

Challenges during implant-assisted prosthetic rehabilitation in fibula reconstructed jaws and its management: a scoping review protocol

Introduction: Oral cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer type worldwide. Patients are placed in a crippling predicament due to the functional and psychosocial difficulties brought on by the illness and its treatments. Both surgeons and maxillofacial prosthodontists may encounter challenges with reconstruction and therapy following cancer treatment. Over 20 years, the fibula has remained the mainstay of reconstructions for head and neck cancer. Maxillary and mandibular jaws with fibula reconstructions can use fixed or removable prosthetic rehabilitation solutions. The proposed scoping review aims to ascertain the volume and nature of evidence concerning the difficulties and corrective measures in the prosthetic rehabilitation of fibula-reconstructed head and neck cancer cases. The findings will aid in improving the prosthetic treatment care for the affected population. Materials and Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review protocol will be followed in developing and reporting the scoping review methodology. Methods to identify the relevant literature will involve the systematic search of databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and gray literature sources for pertinent articles on the subject. Only papers published in English literature will be considered for the review, and the data collection period is limited to the past 20 years. The screening process will utilize defined inclusion/exclusion criteria for Title/Abstract and Full-text screening by two independent reviewers in covidence, and a third reviewer will resolve any conflicts. The data extracted will include specific details about the participants, concept, population, study methods, challenges encountered during prosthetic rehabilitation, and their management. Inductive thematic analysis and descriptive statistics will be applied where appropriate. The narrative synthesis of the evidence will be accomplished through data extraction in a tabular format, and the results will be presented as a narrative summary.

Evidentialism, justification, and knowledge‐first

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between evidentialism, knowledge‐first epistemology, (E=K) in particular, and justification. Evidentialism gives an account of justified belief in terms of evidence but is silent on the nature of evidence. Knowledge‐first tells us what evidence is but stands in need of an agreed account of justification. So each might be able to supply what the other lacks. I argue that the combination of evidentialism, (E=K), and some plausible principles leads to the scepticism familiar from the Agrippan trilemma. I develop an Evidentialist Knowledge‐First view of justification that avoids scepticism by rejecting the entailment of justification by knowledge. This combination turns out to have unpalatable consequences. Nonetheless, the process of reaching that conclusion teaches lessons both to the evidentialist (regarding what evidence could be) and to the knowledge‐firster (regarding what justification is).

Application of the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model: A Scoping Review.

The Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model is one of several occupation-based models in occupational therapy. The model describes the transactional nature of person, environment, and occupation factors that support performance (doing), participation (engagement), and well-being (health and quality of life). The purpose of this study was to explore the extent and nature of evidence on the PEOP Model. We used a scoping review to identify and analyze journal articles that used the PEOP Model as a framework for study. The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) criteria were used to develop the research methods. We found 109 articles that adopted the PEOP Model as an organizing framework. The studies reviewed represent the breadth of occupational therapy practice and the transactional nature of person, environment, occupation, and performance in the PEOP Model. The PEOP Model is a useful international framework for research and practice across populations, conditions, life circumstances, settings, and areas of practice.

Ethical issues when conducting health research with military personnel: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of this scoping review is to understand the scope and nature of evidence in relation to the ethical issues that arise when conducting health research with military personnel. Ethical obligations in human research have been debated for centuries. Historically, research conducted with military personnel has led to ethical controversies regarding autonomy, harm, and informed consent. In particular, the power dynamics, hierarchical nature, and culture that are inherent in military structures may compromise the voluntary nature of research participation. This scoping review will include all sources of evidence that identify ethical issues, such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, within health research with military personnel, including reservists. This review will exclude sources of evidence on health research conducted during combat or on new technologies for fighting in wars. This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. A 3-step search strategy will be used to obtain both published and unpublished sources of evidence. Two independent reviewers will screen sources of evidence against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. No limits on language will be applied; we will use Google Translate to translate sources of evidence in languages other than English. Sources of evidence published since 1964 will be included. Data will be extracted using a purpose-designed spreadsheet and the results will be summarized descriptively and presented in tabular format. Open Science Framework https://osf.io/db85p.

Электронные доказательства, электронное доказывание, искусственный интеллект: что далее?

The concept of “electronic evidence” is usually considered within the framework of existing legal classification (material evidence, documents, etc.), whereas more general and natural concepts for them are “electronic proof” and “electronic litigation”, the material substrate of which is the digital environment, where artificial intelligence is gaining increasing importance. Electronic evidence does not always fit into existing legislative definitions and can exist in virtual space (cryptocurrency, other digital assets, etc.). Artificial intelligence in combination with so-called “big data” (Big Data), collectively called the integral technology of artificial intelligence and big data (BD&AI), can take the process of searching for evidence during an investigation to a qualitatively new level, revealing hidden relationships in events and behavior of individuals, often beyond the scope of human consciousness. Through the development and application of BD&AI, the very nature of evidence in criminal proceedings can change, transforming from the sphere of human perception into the sphere of machine cognition. Structuring “big data” for electronic evidence requires further development of investigation algorithms and standards of proof

COLLABORATING WITH LONG-TERM CARE PROVIDERS IN ELDER MISTREATMENT RESEARCH

Abstract To study elder mistreatment in institutional settings, collaboration is needed with nursing home and assisted living providers. Studies show that common problems emerge in researcher-practitioner collaboration, including differences in the key areas of orientation, training, nature of evidence, time horizons, and uses of research. Barriers specific to collaboration with. LTC providers also present challenges, including reputational risk from participating in EM studies and demands on administrative and staff time that limit availability for research. We report on a successful model for collaboration with LTC providers, based on the implementation and evaluation of the “Improving Resident Relationships in Long-Term Care” program. This evidence-based program was implemented to prevent and treat resident-to-resident aggression in nursing homes (16 facilities) and assisted living (14 facilities), involving over 2000 residents. Findings revealed a set of replicable elements to obtain LTC provider collaboration on sensitive issues like resident-to-resident aggression: (1) Preparatory efforts to gain commitment of administrative personnel; (2) agreements regarding confidentiality and anonymity; (3) identification of one or more “facility champions,” who demonstrate enthusiasm and willingness to advocate for the program; (4) providing payment to participating facilities to cover expenses such as overtime needed to release staff to attend trainings; (5) gaining the support of trusted provider organizations; (6) demonstrating that the program helps meet regulatory requirements; and (7) a procedure to allow for pragmatic modifications to the intervention that allow greater fit with the provider’s workflow. Implications for elder mistreatment intervention research are discussed.

Is it ‘ Sus -picious’? Revisiting the Presence of the Wild Boar on the Island of Crete

Abstract The presence of wild boar on the island of Crete has been discussed since the beginning of Cretan archaeology. Presumed wild individuals are depicted on various types of objects from the Minoan period. Wild pig remains have been identified on several Cretan sites ranging from the Neolithic to the Byzantine period. Despite the relatively large number of such reports, the nature of evidence from the island is often unclear or at least questionable. Available biometric data do not support the establishment of a stable wild population on the island during its history. This paper provides a detailed overview of contemporary evidence and highlights the need for systematic data collection.

Pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the United Kingdom: A systematic map

BackgroundMarked ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection and its consequences have been documented. The aim of this paper is to identify the range and nature of evidence on potential pathways which lead to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 related health outcomes in the United Kingdom (UK). MethodsWe searched six bibliographic and five grey literature databases from 1st December 2019 to 23rd February 2022 for research on pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the UK. Meta-data were extracted and coded, using a framework informed by a logic model. Open Science Framework Registration: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/HZRB7. ResultsThe search returned 10,728 records after excluding duplicates, with 123 included (83% peer-reviewed). Mortality was the most common outcome investigated (N = 79), followed by infection (N = 52). The majority of studies were quantitative (N = 93, 75%), with four qualitative studies (3%), seven academic narrative reviews (6%), nine third sector reports (7%) and five government reports (4%), and four systematic reviews or meta-analyses (3%). There were 78 studies which examined comorbidities as a pathway to mortality, infection, and severe disease. Socioeconomic inequalities (N = 67) were also commonly investigated, with considerable research into neighbourhood infrastructure (N = 38) and occupational risk (N = 28). Few studies examined barriers to healthcare (N = 6) and consequences of infection control measures (N = 10). Only 11% of eligible studies theorised racism to be a driver of inequalities and 10% (typically government/third sector reports and qualitative studies) explored this as a pathway. ConclusionThis systematic map identified knowledge clusters that may be amenable to subsequent systematic reviews, and critical gaps in the evidence-base requiring additional primary research. Most studies do not incorporate or conceptualise racism as the fundamental cause of ethnic inequalities and therefore the contribution to literature and policy is limited.

Audit 4.0-based ESG assurance: An example of using satellite images on GHG emissions

As Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) information has become an essential resource for investors, regulators have attempted to assure its quality. While more companies offer ESG disclosure, it is usually not fully substantiated with supporting information. Assurance is needed to verify that ESG reports are free of substantive errors. However, traditional financial audit approaches are less effective in providing ESG assurance due to the difference in the nature of evidence, difficulty in measuring and verifying ESG measures, and ever-changing ESG performance. To increase the effectiveness of ESG audit approaches, this study proposes Audit 4.0-based ESG assurance, which uses Big Data and emerging technologies of Audit 4.0 to capture evidence from the physical world and provide accurate assurance on ESG reports in a timely manner. We further perform a case study as a proof of concept of the proposed approach, which explores the integration of satellite-based methane estimation as ESG audit evidence. The use of satellite images provides opportunities for regulators and companies to monitor and assure ESG reports in a continuous manner.

Advancements of phonetics in the 21st century: Theoretical issues in sociophonetics

Variation in speech has always been important to phonetic theory, but takes centerstage in the growing area of sociophonetics, which places the role of the social at the heart of the theoretical and methodological enterprise. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of key advances and theoretical issues in sociophonetic research, in both production and perception. It reviews the foundations of sociophonetics in phonetics and sociolinguistics, and articulates several major theoretical questions that run through sociophonetic work, as well as the nature of evidence and methods in sociophonetics. It explores the many factors that underpin variation and change within individuals, such as speech accommodation and speech style, and major factors that organize group-level variation and change, including regional affiliation, social class, sex, gender, and sexuality, race and ethnicity, and age. By connecting sociophonetic research to a wide range of areas, from cognition to indexicality, the paper synthesizes cross-cutting themes from prior research, and highlights current and future directions for the field.

THE MAURICE BOND LECTURE 2022: COVID AND THE HISTORIAN

The arrival of COVID-19 led to a search for historical analogies and lessons which mislead rather than inform. A more appropriate response is to use our present experience to inform our historical enquiries by drawing attention to issues that have been marginalised or ignored, such as consent or resistance to vaccination, and the changing frontier between human and animal species. The nature of evidence on the lived experience of and policy responses to COVID is considered, and the ways in which policy success and failure might be assessed and interpreted. Crises can lead to a radical change in social assumptions and policies, or to the survival of the status quo. The outcome in the case of COVID-19 will depend on which narrative dominates, of failure and political retribution or success and affirmation.

Tools, Evidence, and Implications: Weighing Issues of Scale in Describing an Intervention

Previous MTE editorials have focused on the nature of evidence and how it relates to the claims we make, the nature of our tools, and the nature of the contributions to the shared knowledge base. In this editorial, we draw on these perspectives and MTE articles to discuss how we might think about aligning the tools we wish to share, the evidence related to the tool's efficacy, and the implications for aspects of mathematics teacher education.

DETERMINATION OF EVIDENCE OWNED TO THE VICTIMS THROUGH PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

Victims in the criminal justice system will become victims of being re-victimized by the state because they have to wait so long to get their goods as a result of confiscation. Therefore, the problem in this study is how is the construction of the procedural law for determining evidence belonging to a victim of a crime through a preliminary examination based on restorative justice. This study aims to examine the philosophy of confiscation in the criminal justice system, the effectiveness of the criminal justice system regarding the return of confiscated goods, and the formulation of a system for determining the victims confiscated goods through a preliminary examination based on the value of justice. The research method used is normative legal research, namely research using legal positivism. The results of the study stated that the nature of evidence in evidence in the criminal justice system is one of the materials that form evidence instructions and can be used to strengthen the formation of a judges conviction. The function and position of evidence in the criminal justice system in Indonesia are as supporting evidence and preliminary evidence, with a preliminary examination process carried out by the judge to accommodate a request for the return of evidence from a victim.

What counts as evidence? Examining the controversy over pesticide exposure and etiology in an environmental justice movement in Kerala, India

ABSTRACT Scientific evidence and knowledge are central to movements for environmental justice. Cases of pesticide toxicity have often led to the emergence of controversies around the nature of evidence and its causal connection to observed pathologies. Toxic effects depend on multiple, situated socioecological conditions such as time and place, duration, and mode of administration, making quantifiable etiology tenuous. Research on toxic exposure issues has shown limitations of regulatory sciences in establishing causality and argued for bringing various ways of knowing to understand, acknowledge and act against harms due to exposure. This article draws on sociological research carried out in northern Kerala, where continued use of the insecticide endosulfan between 1977 and 2000 has had significant health impacts on farmworkers and the general population. We present the case of endosulfan poisoning as an instance of controversy over evidence and uncertainty about causality emerging from agriculture scientists’ insistence on proof of etiology that has effectively jeopardized justice for endosulfan victims. We argue that, in cases of economy-oriented production agriculture, powerful actors like agriculture scientists, governments and the pesticide industry use science as a tool to maintain uncertainty as a resource to obscure the truth, making claims about reparative policies and actions impossible.

Digital Criminal Evidence in Traditional Crime

Evidence is that the crime was committed and attributed to the perpetrator and this is done through evidence that is examined and verified by the Public Prosecutor's Office in preparation for submission to the courts. Originally, different kinds of crimes may be proved by all means of evidence, except by special provision. The law confers on the criminal judge extensive power to choose the methods leading to the disclosure of the truth and to assess the evidence in order to investigate whether or not the crimes are established. Evidentiary methods have been affected by the evolution resulting from the information and technology revolution the compatibility between the evidence nature and the crime nature from which the development of a new type of evidence in line with the nature of information technology offences was generated, This is known as digital evidence, because traditional physical evidence has fallen short of the requirements for detecting crimes created. This has driven the search for a new type of evidence that is compatible with cyberspace. And this has led many evidence to legislate electronic evidence. The latter joined the list of evidence materials to support it and supplement it as a criminal means of evidence. The Digital evidence is often adopted either to establish an informational crime, or for an offence for which information means have been adopted This study examines the position of Lebanese legislators on digital evidence, particularly through Law No. 81/2018 on electronic transactions and personal data, and compares it with the experience of Egyptian legislators in the light of Law No. 175 of 2018 on combating IT crimes, addressing the latest judicial decisions issued by the Court of Cassation in Egypt.

Nurse consultant to day/child care centers.

Approximately 23.2 million children in the United States attend day care; however, many of these children often lack access to health care. Given the potential for advanced practice nurses to address this gap in health care, the authors sought to gain a better understanding of healthcare consulting provided by nurses to day/child care centers. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the extent, range, and nature of evidence regarding the role of nurse consultants in day and childcare settings. A scoping review was conducted in CINAHL and PubMed, to report and summarize relevant literature published before 2020. Search terms included day or child care, nurse consultants, healthcare consultants, and day or child care health consultants. The search produced 92 publications; 21 publications met the inclusion criteria and are included in the review. After independently reading the publications, the authors identified and agreed upon seven central themes. Themes included an analysis of the consulting process, description of the nurse consulting role in individual and large day and childcare settings, director's perceptions of health consultants, impact of nurse consultants, education and training, barriers to the healthcare consultant role, and political advocacy. Advanced nurse practitioner, particularly pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs), possess the skill set in acute and chronic conditions, as well as health maintenance and promotion that can be translated and used in the role of the nurse consultant to day and child care centers. Having PNPs in this role may help to address primary healthcare needs of children.

The frequencies between Al-Muhaqqiq Al-Hilli and Al-Allamah Al-Hilli Worship an example

There are cases in which the jurist calls for a clear decision in which there is no room for stopping or swinging in devising the legal ruling, and this is called hesitation، and this stopping and swing has many reasons, including presenting opinions, evidence, discussing and responding to them, or the presence of conflicting evidence or relying on evidence likely in their view. Or reliance on various assumptions required by the nature of the discussion of others, or the indication of pronunciation on more than one meaning or equivalence between evidence in terms of strength or loss of text or difference in documenting narrators or the existence of clues, whether from outside or from within the text can benefit from it, or that the nature of evidence Do not allow it of this, and this calls from the jurist swing stop and hesitation in issuing the final legal ruling of the question of taking into account the case of the taxpayer.