Development Of Natural Resources Research Articles

РАЗВИТИЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РЫБНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ ВОЛГО-КАСПИЙСКОГО БАССЕЙНА КАК ФАКТОР ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ТРУДОВЫХ МИГРАНТОВ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ ХХ в.

The creation of a free labor market in the post-reform period contributed to the intensification of entrepreneurial activity and the growth of industrial enterprises in all sectors of the economy of the Russian Empire. The development of rich natural resources in the outlying and sparsely populated regions of the country was impossible without a significant number of free labor. In the Volga-Caspian fishing Region, the development of entrepreneurial activity in the post-reform period coincides with the increase in the number of labor migrants who came here for seasonal work and moved to permanent residence. The territorial scope of the study is the Volga-Caspian fishing Region, most of which was administratively part of the Astrakhan Province. The purpose of the study is to analyze entrepreneurial activity in the fishing industry of the Volga-Caspian Region as a factor for attracting labor migrants to the region in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Achieving the goal includes solving its constituent tasks: to characterize the demographic dynamics in the Astrakhan Province in the post-reform period; to analyze the state package of measures to stimulate small business and its effectiveness; show the development of large capital in the Volga-Caspian fishing Region; to identify the main types of migration flows to the Volga-Caspian fishing Region. The methodological apparatus of the study is represented by the theory of modernization, as well as a complex of special historical and general scientific methods. The paper, based on statistical data and office documentation, shows that the development of entrepreneurial activity in the fishing industry contributed to the growth in the number of migrants from other regions of the country; the contribution of labor migrants to the work of fisheries and the processes of colonization of the outlying region is characterized; shows the difficulties faced by the fishing population in the post-reform period, and the effectiveness of government measures to support it.

Non-destructive strategy to extract sustainable helix and high-strength Musa core fibers for rapid water conduction and evaporation

The reuse and development of natural waste resources is a hotspots and challenges in the research of new fiber materials and the resolution of environmental concern globally. Herein, this study aimed to develop a simple and direct manual extraction process to extract Musa core fibers (MCFs) for rapid water conduction and evaporation. Through simple processes such as ring cutting and stretching, this green and non-destructive inside-out extraction strategy enabled Musa fibers to be naturally and harmlessly degummed from natural Musa stems, with good maintenance of the fiber structure and highly helical morphology. The extracted fibers are composed of regularly and closely arranged cellulose nanofibrils in the shape of ribbon spirally arranged multi-filaments, and the single filament is about 2.65 μm. The high-purity fibers exhibit ultra-high tensile strength under a non-destructive extraction process, and the ultimate tensile strength in dry state is as high as 742.95 MPa. The tensile strength is affected by the number of fiber bundles, which shows that tensile strength and tensile modulus is higher than those of vascular bundle fibers in dry or wet condition. In addition, the MCFs membrane indicates good water conductivity, with a water absorption height of 50 mm for the sample in only 60 s. Moreover, the water evaporation rate of MCFs reaches 1.37 kg m−2 h−1 in 30 min, which shows that MCFs have excellent water conductivity and evaporation rate compared with ordinary cotton fibers. These results indicate that MCFs have great potential in replacing the use of chemical methods to extract fibers from vascular bundles, providing an effective way to achieve sustainability in quick-drying applications, as well as in the sustainable development of natural waste resources.

Land Use Change Mapping and Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study in Tam Ky City, Quang Nam Province, Vietnam

Changes in land use/land cover (LULC) play a critical role in effective natural resource management, monitoring, and development, particularly within the realm of urban planning. In the examination of Tam Ky city, Quang Nam province, Vietnam, spanning from 2000 to 2020, remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were employed. The Landsat satellite data (Landsat 7 ETM+ for 2000, Landsat 5 TM for 2010, and Landsat 8 OLI for 2022) underwent analysis using the supervised classification method in ArcGIS 10.8 software to identify and categorize six primary LULC classes: water bodies, agriculture, settlements, vegetation, construction, and bare soil/rocks. The reliability of the classification was evaluated through k values, revealing high accuracy with values of 0.951, 0.953, and 0.950 for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. Notable shifts in LULC were observed during the period from 2000 to 2020. The areas covered by vegetation and settlements expanded by 53 and 1300 ha, respectively, while water bodies, agriculture, construction, and bare soil/rocks experienced reductions of 466, 48, 413, and 425 ha, respectively. To facilitate a rapid assessment, the study also incorporated the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). The trends identified in this study are consistently aligned with the results of the supervised classification. The identified changes in LULC pose a substantial environmental threat, and the study's outcomes serve as a valuable asset for future land use planning and management in the area. The method's high accuracy enhances the dependability of the results, making them crucial for well-informed decision-making and sustainable development initiatives.

Investigation on coupling deposition and plugging of hydrate and wax in gas–liquid annular flow: Experiments and mechanism

The coupling deposition and plugging caused by hydrate formation and wax precipitation during the development of deep water natural gas resources bring new industrial challenges and theoretical difficulty. We designed a single-pass pipeline with two types to investigate deposition behavior and systematically performed the coupling deposition and plugging of hydrate and wax experiments in gas–liquid annular flow. The experimental results illustrate that the single solid phase of hydrate is covered layer sheet deposition, while the coupling solid phase of hydrate and wax is bulk aggregations arch bridge deposition. Meanwhile, the natural eddy zone in reducing pipeline accelerates coupling solid particles deposition. Our finds provided the first knowledge on the double effect that wax crystals inhibit particles adhesion and gel network increases aggregations arch bridge blockage. For the low water content in emulsion system, the gel network provides gathering place for hydrate particles, and the arch bridge structure formed by aggregations accelerates the pipeline blockage. The plugging time is shortened by up to 72.6% with the wax concentration increase from 0 wt% to 3 wt%. For the high water content in emulsion system, the majority of wax crystals adsorbed on the hydrate particles and reduce particles cohesion force, which increase the plugging time. Combined with the microscopic morphology evolution perspective of hydrate particles coupled wax, the coupling deposition of hydrate and wax in gas–liquid annular flow has four stages: gas–liquid flow, coupling solid phase formation, coupling solid phase deposition and sloughing, and coupling solid phase plugging. This study can provide theoretical support and design basis for flow assurance program of deep water gas fields and low temperature natural gas transportation pipelines.

Ultra-High-Performance Alkali-Activated Concrete: Effect of Waste Crumb Rubber Aggregate Proportions on Tensile and Flexural Properties

The declining availability of natural sand resources and the significant carbon footprint associated with the extensive use of cement are posing severe limitations on the advancement and application of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). In this study, waste tyre-derived recycled crumb rubber particles (CR) were employed to replace quartz sand, and an alkali-activated cementitious material was used to produce waste tyre-alkali-activated UHPC (T-UHPAC). The influence of different CR replacement ratios (0%, 5%, 20%, 35%, 50%) on the tensile and flexural performance of T-UHPAC was investigated, and a predictive model for the stress–strain response considering the CR replacement ratio was established. An optimization method for improving the tensile and flexural performance of T-UHPAC was proposed. The results indicate that the effect of rough-surfaced CR on the interfacial properties of concrete differs from that of smooth quartz sand. A CR replacement ratio exceeding 35% led to a reduction in both the tensile and flexural strengths of UHPAC, while a replacement ratio at or below 20% resulted in a superior tensile and flexural performance of T-UHPAC. The established predictive model for tensile performance accurately forecasts the stress–strain behaviour of T-UHPAC under varying CR replacement ratios, with the accuracy improving as the CR replacement ratio increases. By utilizing CR to replace quartz sand in proportions not exceeding 20%, the production of low-carbon UHPC with exceptional comprehensive mechanical properties is achievable. Moreover, the development of T-UHPAC through the comprehensive utilization of waste tyres presents a promising and innovative approach for the low-carbon and cost-effective production of UHPC, thereby facilitating the sustainable development of natural resources. This research represents a significant step towards the widespread adoption and application of UHPC and thus holds substantial importance.

A model of sustainable development in economic, social, and environmental aspects: the role of social capital in China

This paper takes China as an example to quantitatively study the weight relationship between economic growth, social welfare, and environmental quality, and explores the role of social capital in promoting sustainable development. This paper constructs the Hamilton optimization model, the ‘sustainable’ element is introduced on the basis of the traditional utility function, and given China’s economic characteristics of numerical simulation analysis was carried out on the model parameters, to reveal the connotation of Chinese sustainable development from the mathematical, to explore the influence mechanism of social capital in promoting sustainable development. Research has found that sustainable development seeks coordinated economic, social, and environmental development. Setting the weight ratio of economic growth, social welfare, and environmental quality at 1:1.5:1.5 can better explain China’s concept of sustainable development. When social capital accelerates its accumulation, it can effectively control the development and utilization of natural resources, and the ecosystem environment can maintain the stable state of the ecosystem through its own regeneration and restoration ability. Social capital has become a new driving force for sustainable development, achieving a steady and rising trend of China’s economic development level. The research conclusions are helpful to promote the sustainable development, and to enrich and expand the relevant research on social capital.

Natural resource development, economic policy uncertainty and urban residents’ consumption in China: a nonlinear ARDL and time-varying parameter vector autoregressive with stochastic volatility approach

AbstractIncreased risks of economic policy uncertainty and overexploitation of natural resources exist in China. At the same time, the growth rate of urban residents’ consumption has generally declined. The paper analyses the role of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and natural resource exploitation on the urban residents’ consumption in China. Based on the data from the first quarter of 2002 to the third quarter of 2021, the paper uses a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model to verify the asymmetric effects. Then the paper constructs a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model with stochastic volatility term to analyze the nonlinear responses. Impulse response analysis was used to further explain the relationship between the three. The negative impact of rising EPU on urban residents’ consumption is larger than its reduction. Negative shocks to natural resource development increase the urban residents’ consumption. Positive shocks reduce the urban residents’ consumption. There is a time-varying non-linear effect of EPU and natural resource development on urban residents’ consumption in China. The negative impact of EPU on urban consumption has been further exacerbated by major crises such as the financial crisis, COVID-19 and the post-crisis period. The negative impact of natural resource development diminished after the government introduced industrial upgrading policies and environmental regulations. This study provides constructive suggestions for the optimization of economic policies and the improvement of urban consumption. This study also enriches consumer theory and provides new evidence for the resource curse hypothesis.

Resilience through mineral resource development, oil, and natural resource efficiency: Strengthening economies

This study examines the role of resilience in bolstering economies via the development of mineral resources and oil, alongside adaptability and natural resource efficiency, particularly within the G7 economies from 1995 to 2022. Employing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model, the research aims to unravel the complexities of how resource-rich economies can leverage their natural assets to enhance economic resilience and sustainability. The investigation reveals a positive correlation between the strategic development of mineral resources, oil, and the adaptability of economies to external shocks, highlighting the critical importance of natural resource efficiency in ensuring long-term economic stability and growth. These findings underscore the necessity for G7 nations to implement policies that not only foster the responsible exploitation and development of natural resources but also promote adaptability and efficiency in resource use. The study's policy implication suggests a paradigm shift towards more sustainable and resilient economic models, emphasizing the balanced integration of resource development and environmental stewardship.

RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXEMPLIFIED TERRITORIES

The paper explores the risks associated with exempted and liberated territories that were previously used for certain industrial, commercial, agricultural or other activities. Such territories were captured or used by military forces during the war and then liberated or abandoned and left unattended, or were disturbed by natural disasters, man-made accidents, etc. The aim of the article is to analyze the possibility of their further use and rehabilitation. The following indicators of risk sources can be identified in such areas: presence of explosive objects; level of soil and water contamination; presence of chemical, biological or radiation contamination; degree of damage to infrastructure and building structures; risk of dangerous situations and accidents; impact on the health and safety of the local population; possibility of spreading infectious diseases; presence of unexploded or uncontrolled explosive materials; risk of re-invasion by enemy forces; potential environmental damage; and potential environmental impact. Based on the analysis of these indicators, they were summarized and grouped into six main risk indicators: demining of territories; efficiency of demining and disposal of remnants of military equipment, mines, etc.; safety and efficiency of demining and disposal technologies; degree of contamination of the demined territories after demining and disposal; level of safety assessment of the population living in these territories; return of vital infrastructure. An expert assessment methodology was applied, which includes an analysis of the severity of the consequences and the likelihood of their occurrence. The risks were ranked using the method of pairwise comparisons. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies for the further use and rehabilitation of the affected areas. The results of the study indicate the need for systematic monitoring and control of the exempted and liberated territories in order to prevent possible environmental and socio-economic problems. To ensure sustainable development and conservation of natural resources, due attention should be paid to the issues of environmental safety and rehabilitation of these territories. Further research in this area will allow developing more effective strategies for the use and rehabilitation of exempted areas, taking into account current environmental and socio-economic challenges.

Sustainable Agriculture Development and Optimum Utilization of Natural Resources: Striking a Balance

There is a finite supply of natural resources, and unchecked exploitation may harm the ecosystem. The strategy for their sustainable use must be determined. The framework of sustainable development is used to define strategies of ongoing societal and state advancement that do not negatively impact the environment or the natural resources that will be needed for future human activities. A model that governs sustainable use takes into account the legal and strategic guidelines for the extraction of energy and natural resources. Ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources both nationally and internationally is the aim. Environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources are closely intertwined. Additionally, a healthy environment's value and the degree to which the public is educated about its preservation are linked to the preservation of the working and living environments. All areas of human endeavour see improvements in quality of life as a result of faster technical development, but increased environmental deterioration is also a potential. Consequently, in order to achieve the objectives of the society's development policy, it is imperative to incorporate the appropriate standards that would support sustainable development. This review paper is a quick response to maintain the ecosystem's equilibrium and the surrounding area.

Institutional Transformation of Proactive Environmental Characteristics of State Procurement into Imperative Ones: The Regional Case

Ensuring sustainable economic development, environmental protection, and conservation of natural resources are the top priorities of the new edition of the "National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation". One key aspect highlighted in the strategy is the significance of green public procurement, which plays a crucial role in reducing the environmental impact of human activities and promoting environmentally responsible behavior among companies. The lack of established regulatory mechanisms and the ongoing debates surrounding the concept of "green procurement" have prompted the research objective of identifying the factors influencing the successful implementation of green public procurement through econometric modeling. The goal is to assess how well public contractors are currently implementing green procurement practices and to develop strategies to enhance their adherence to these practices by 2023, particularly within the Southern Federal District. An analysis of existing literature has revealed gaps in scientific knowledge, particularly in the realm of comparing the actualization of green economy institutions in regional strategies and monitoring the implementation of green procurement within the Southern Federal District. These research issues will guide the comparative assessment of green economy institutions, monitoring of green procurement practices, and structuring of data within the study. The study will rely on statistical data obtained from the Unified Information System for procurement, using keywords related to the environmental sustainability of purchased goods to analyze the trends in green public procurement practices. Through this research, recommendations for the institutional transformation of green procurement practices into a must-follow standard for public contractors will be developed.

Проблемы развития районов освоения Республики Тыва (геоинформационный аспект)

The Republic of Tyva has a significant natural resource potential. The mining complex has been identified as a priority area of the economy of this territory. Despite the existing development potential, the region faces a number of challenges that require an integrated approach to address them. Modern trends are based on the principles of sustainable development, balanced and rational use of natural resources, which are primarily built on the basis of comprehensive information on the region. Information can be combined, structured and analyzed using geographic information technologies. Research objective. A spatial analysis of the resource potential and cartographic assessment of the anthropogenic impact of the reclamation territories in the Republic of Tyva. Research results. An assessment of the current state of the reclamation areas in the Republic of Tyva was carried out using the geoinformation approach. An index analysis of the investment attractiveness and investment potential as well as the anthropogenic load of the reclamation areas in the Republic of Tyva was carried out. Conclusions. The use of the geoinformation approach when assessing the current development state of the reclamation areas in the Republic of Tyva offers a number of advantages. First, it allows getting a clear picture of the current situation, identify the problem areas and develop effective strategies for further development of the territory. Second, combining data from various sources into a single GIS helps to make informed decisions and optimize the use of resources in the reclamation areas.

Mechanisms for realizing the ecological products value: Green finance intervention and support

The essence of ecological product value is the rational development and utilization of natural ecological and environmental resources, which are converted into social attributes or economic value. An accurate assessment of the value of ecological products is a prerequisite for realizing their economic value. However, few studies have measured the interaction mechanism between green finance and ecological products value. This study measured the ecological products value at the city level in China from 2010 to 2021, based on the dynamic equivalent moderator model. A spatial panel data model was used to analyze the spatial pattern and dynamic evolution of ecological products value and identify their driving factors. The ecological products value in China showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2021, and there were obvious spatial correlations between regions. Green finance significantly contributes to the realization of ecological products value, and robust estimation results can still be obtained after controlling for endogeneity. Meanwhile, the role of green finance has a spatial spillover effect. This study provides a new research perspective for correctly assessing ecological products value and studying the role of green finance in realizing ecological products value.

ANALISIS PERFORMANSI SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT MENGGUNAKAN METODE SCOR DAN AHP DALAM PENINGKATAN KINERJA DI ALETA LEATHER

This study aims to determine the final value of the results of Aleta Leather's supply chain management performance measurement. The data was then analyzed using SCOR and AHP methods. The results showed that the final value of Aleta Leather's supply chain management performance measurement results was 90.11 which was included in the excellent category. This result is obtained from the multiplication of the score value and the weight of selected performance indicators from 16 existing performance indicators. From the results of the analysis, two performance indicators were found that had values below the target, namely planning cycle time and material efficiency (yield). The conclusion of this study is that SCOR and AHP methods can be used to measure the performance of Aleta Leather's supply chain management well. Suggestions for performance improvement are training and development of natural resources, making agreements with suppliers and improving data analysis.
 Keywords: SCOR, AHP, Performance, Suply chain, Score

Energy Access in the Village of Gunung Arba, Jango Village from the Perspective of Environmental Justice in Central Lombok District Community

Environmental justice from the perspective of public participation in the development of natural resources is a national program where the government is starting to switch from fossil energy to green energy, which means that in the future the government will no longer hope for energy such as coal, oil and gas, etc. This is a very strategic step taken by the government. Centralized is the antithesis of the increasing pressure to decentralize regional government, including regarding the management of natural resources (SDA) policies in the mining and oil and gas sectors, To ensure that this program runs well, of course the community is involved in monitoring it. Community participation in sustainable development is indeed weak, including in terms of policy making, even though the laws and regulations also stipulate that the community has rights as explained in the Aarhus Convention, where parties have an obligation to guarantee the right of access to information, community participation in decision making, and access to justice in environmental matters in accordance with the provisions of the convention. Then in Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, it is intended, among other things, 1) to provide information to the government, 2) to increase the public's willingness to accept government decisions. 3) Helps with legal protection. and 4) Democratize decision making. From the above basis, it further strengthens the community so that it can participate actively in the development of natural resources in this country.

How village funds influence economic development in South Papua, Indonesia

This quantitative study aims to determine the elements that influence the efficiency of village funds in terms of social and economic empowerment. Individualized solutions based on the demographics of the village, including financial support, business partners and markets, human resources, sociocultural ecology, and natural resources, are required for economic development. By collecting data from 179 village heads in South Papua province, Indonesia, this study determines that several elements substantially impact the economic empowerment of communities. However, these factors have not been fully optimized to attain economic independence of villages. With the assistance of regular support from the district government, most village heads are graduates who can effectively plan and implement programs. The distinctive qualities of a community are considered in sociocultural development programs. The development of natural resources and tourism are continuing processes that require market access and infrastructure improvement. Human resources are promising, and sociocultural initiatives align with community requirements. Therefore, addressing the problems associated with market access and resource development is vital. Village funds should promote the use of resources in a sustainable manner; however, there are still obstacles to engaging corporate land users, which calls for further investigation.

Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Methods for Optimizing Small Island Areas: A Case Study in Selaru Island, Indonesia

Water management on islands has an important role because of their limited features. Although each island has different features (size, isolation, geology and topography, climate and hydrology, economic development, etc.) – all affecting water resources and management, all islands face many of the same water-related issues and challenges. This condition is influenced by population growth triggered by the development of natural resources. This research aims to ensure that the rainwater harvesting method as an alternative water source can fulfill distribution deficiencies while maintaining the ecological conditions of small island areas. Water availability is analyzed using the F.J. Mock method, and the existing sources are analyzed using the RWH method. Based on guidelines, the analysis of domestic water needs is 65 L/person/day. The analysis continues with the existing distribution scenario. The results show that the Adaut sub-watershed and the Namtabung sub-watershed are predicted to experience water shortages, and the combined distribution scenario of existing sources and the RWH method can be a solution to overcome water shortages. The RWH method can achieve optimal water distribution in Selaru Island until 2040.

Optimizing mineral identification for sustainable resource extraction through hybrid deep learning enabled FinTech model

Mineral extraction and use are vital to the world economy and industrial and energy industries. Environmental implications and the limited nature of many mineral resources have made mineral extraction sustainability a major issue. Deep learning and FinTech have provided creative answers to these problems in recent years. This presentation discusses the consequences of using deep learning-enabled FinTech solutions to identify minerals for sustainable natural resource extraction and use. Quantized deep learning for mineral identification during mining, using the widely used EfficientDet architecture, is proposed in this paper. We present a post-training quantization approach for the EfficientDet model that minimizes its size and complexity without compromising performance. We tested model efficiency with 8-bit and symmetric quantization. We also compare the quantized EfficientDet model to the floating-point model using a custom mineral dataset. The prescribed dataset gave the pre-train EfficientDet model 0.78 precision and 0.65 recall. The suggested model had 0.97 accuracy and 0.89 recall on the provided datasets. The suggested model is 99.5% accurate. Our results show that integrated FinTech technologies have enabled innovative financial models for ecologically friendly mineral extraction. By assessing environmental and social risks, FinTech platforms have helped investors assess mining project profitability. Investors may use this data to make informed judgments about sustainable development and ethical mining. Deep learning and FinTech mineral identification affects responsible natural resource development. These advancements enable environmentally and socially friendly mining. Data-driven insights and financial transparency can help the global mining business become more sustainable and responsible.

Research on the hydroelastic response of ice floes and wave scattering field

Abstract The marginal ice zone (MIZ) is the area between sea ice and open water, the structure of which is mainly determined by wave and ice interactions. Thus mastering the characteristics of MIZ is of great significance to the Arctic routes opening and the natural resources development. In this paper, the hydroelastic response of ice floes in waves is studied, a three-dimensional numerical wave tank is established based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. The finite volume method (FVM) and finite element method (FEM) are respectively utilized for discrete fluid domain and ice domain. A mapping interface at the junction of the fluid and ice floes domains is created to perform data mapping by the shape function interpolation method and the least square method. This work presents a series of numerical simulations to study the fluid-solid interaction (FSI) of waves and ice floes. Under the given incident wave parameters, the vertical bending deformation of ice floes with different shapes under the excitation of waves, the effect of ice floes' deformation on the wave field are studied, and the effect of wave overwash on the transmitted wave field is emphasized. Results show that the shape of the ice floes significantly affects its elastic deformation and scattered wave field, and the wave overwash phenomenon attenuates the scattering wave.

Тенденции влияния «Группы семи/восьми» на глобальное климатическое управление

This article reviews the changing priorities and commitments of the Group of 7 (G7) and Group of 8 (G8) on climate change and energy security and highlights the trends of their influence on the global climate agenda. The main research method is content analysis of the groups’ documents adopted from 2005 to 2023. The study reveals that, at all stages of cooperation, the G7 endeavoured to secure commitments from emerging market and developing countries to increase their contributions to emissions reduction and accelerate the transition to a low carbon economy. As early as 2009, the advanced countries sought to prevent carbon leakages, regarding a comprehensive climate agreement in Copenhagen as a possible solution. The main principles, priorities, and tasks for attaining global energy security were defined in the 2006 leaders’ statement on global energy security and the St Petersburg action plan. The G7’s Rome and Hamburg initiatives on energy security, adopted after the G8’s suspension, in essence continued the course toward building competitive, diversified, sustainable, and low carbon energy systems, but without Russia. The new paradigm determined a different hierarchy of priorities: promotion of flexible gas markets, including more integrated liquified natural gas (LNG) markets, regulatory and public funding support of investment in energy infrastructure that cannot be built according to market rules, development of oil and natural gas resources from unconventional sources, and enhanced cooperation on critical infrastructure, transit routes, supply chains, and transport. This course was consolidated in subsequent years and entered a new stage in 2022. Since 2021, the G7 has been increasing efforts to renew the global rules and to shape new mechanisms and institutes of global climate governance. The establishment of the climate club, Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs), the Partnership for Global Infrastructure Investment (PGII), adoption of the principles of high integrity carbon markets, and the setting up of new engagement and containment platforms increase the risk of a fragmentation of the established climate governance system and its gradual substitution by a new order functioning in the interests of the G7 and its allies. In view of these risks it is necessary to deepen cooperation with the BRICS+ group led by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa and other emerging market and developing countries to coordinate and promote within the key multilateral institutions, including the United Nations (UN), the Group of 20 (G20), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), a concerted position on the inadmissibility of eroding the existing global climate governance system with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at its centre or the use of climate goals and regulation as protectionist and discriminative instruments, and to advance practical implementation of the principle of common but differential responsibility.