Natural Convection Flow Research Articles

Effect of Suction/Injection on Unsteady MHD Natural Convection Flow of Heat Mass Transfer in Porous Channel in the Presence of Soret Term

This research paper explores the effect of suction/injection on unsteady MHD natural convection flow of heat mass transfer in porous channel in the presence of Soret term. The governing partial differential equations are converted to non- dimensional forms and solved numerically by using unconditionally stable and convergent implicit finite difference method. A parametric study illustrating the influence of various physical parameters is performed. It is reported that the velocity profile increases as Soret term, Grashof number, Solutal Grashof number and Porous parameters values increase, while Magnetic field parameter decreases the velocity profile. The temperature profile rises by the influence in increasing values of Variable Thermal Conductivity and decreases by increasing values of Prandtl number and Radiation parameters. While concentration profile increase by the increasing values of Soret term and Chemical reaction. The dependence of the skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer and mass transfer on these parameter has been discussed.

Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation on Free Convection Airflow inside a T-shaped Cavity Considering Inner Obstacles

In this study, a numerical analysis of heat and entropy generation on free convection of airflow is performed inside a T-shaped cavity with and without circular obstacles. The T-shaped cavity is formed with two symmetrically isothermal rectangular blocks. A cold temperature is maintained on the cavity's upper wall. The adiabatic walls are connected to heated wall at constant temperature. It is assumed that the flow is laminar, 2-D, and steadily incompressible. The finite element analysis is employed for solving the governing equations. The calculated results are compared and validated with the other published works. The dimensionless velocity (streamlines) and temperature (isotherms) are calculated and illustrated for varying Rayleigh numbers. It is found that the average Nusselt number at the heated walls and entropy generation inside the cavity increase with the increment of Rayleigh numbers. Moreover, the thermal performance effects on natural convection flow are investigated with circular obstacles inside the enclosure. Five cases without and with circular obstacles regarding the boundary conditions are investigated. It is found that the thermal performance of the cavity can be improved by adding two circular obstacles with cool boundary conditions. It is evident that the innovative structure by adding two circular obstacles with cool boundary conditions gives higher average Nusselt number and entropy generation whereas lower Bejan numbers for varying Rayleigh numbers. The study is performed for and . Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 186−202

Laminar boundary layers in three‐dimensional MHD natural convective flow past a semi‐infinite vertical plate with variable sinusoidal suction

AbstractThe primary goal of this study is to investigate how the diffusion‐thermo and thermo‐diffusion affect a three‐dimensional hydromagnetic natural convective flow of a radiating fluid past a uniformly moving isothermal and isosolutal semi‐infinite vertical plate subjected to a sinusoidal suction velocity. The asymptotic series expansion method is adopted to solve the equations governing the flow model and to find the analytical solutions. The effect of variable suction on the flow and transport characteristics is mainly highlighted in the study. Both the diffusion‐thermo and thermo‐diffusion effects improve the fluid velocity.

Comment on: “Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of natural convection in square cavities due to discrete source-sink pairs” [International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51 (2008) 5949–5957]

The following observations report incorrect/missing information, inaccurate mathematical expressions, and incorrect findings in the above-mentioned paper.

Statistical and numerical analysis of magnetic field effects on laminar natural convection heat transfer of nanofluid in a hexagonal cavity

This paper presents a statistical and numerical investigation that examines the optimization and sensitivity analysis of the unsteady laminar natural convective heat transfer flow of Fe3O4-water nanofluid in a hexagonal cavity considering the impacts of a sloping magnetic field in one-component nanofluid model. The inclined walls of the cavity are maintained at a constantly low temperature, while the bottom wall is uniformly heated. The upper wall, however, is regarded as adiabatic. The nanofluid thermal conductivity model incorporates the impact of Brownian motion. The Galerkin weighted residual finite element method has been employed to solve the governing dimensionless equations. The results are provided regarding the average Nu, streamlines, and isotherms. The study uses response surface methodology to analyze the sensitivity of parameters such as the Ha, Ra, and nanoparticle volume percentage. Using a response surface policy allows for optimizing the process and identifying the most favorable circumstances to achieve the maximum thermal transfer rate. The flow pattern of the nanofluid is significantly affected by the magnetic field and its alignment. The numerical results indicate a significant rise in the average Nu as the nanoparticle volume percentage, magnetic field inclination angle, nanoparticle type factor, and Ra increase. Conversely, the Hartmann number and the nanoparticle's diameter have contrasting effects. When considering Brownian motion, the average Nu grows by 225.89 % for Ra = 106 with ϕ = 0.03 and 25.28 % for the other case. The optimal condition for heat transfer occurs when Ra = 106, Ha = 4, and ϕ =0.03 while keeping the other parameters constant.

Effect of chemical reaction on MHD Casson natural convection flow over an oscillating plate in porous media using Caputo fractional derivative

Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematics that extends the traditional definitions of calculus to include non-integer exponents. It has been successfully used to model a variety of physical processes, including the coiling of polymers, viscoelasticity, traffic flow, diffusive transport, fluid dynamics, electromagnetic theory, and electrical networks. However, fractional calculus has not yet been widely used to study the physical properties of non-Newtonian fluids flowing over accelerating porous plates. The present research examines the unsteady Casson flow over an infinitely horizontal porous plate, MHD and porosity impacts on fluid velocity are also discussed. The major goal here is to develop analytical outcomes for the tran-sient incompressible MHD Casson flow over an accelerating porous plate. This plate is oscillating in the x-direction and infinitely large in the y-direction and fluids flowing over it at y > 0 due to oscillation. Choosing the right choice of dimensionless variables allows the model's governing equations to become dimensionless. These dimensionless differential equations of the Casson fluid are calculated by applying the Laplace transform method. On velocity, the impacts of different factors are investigated. They are time, porosity parameter, oscillation frequency of plate, magnetic parameter, and Casson fluid parameter. As we rise the Casson flow parameter values, magnetic parameter, and Prandtl number we observe that the velocity drops. In contrast to other factors, the effects of Grashof number, oscillation frequency, fractional parameter, and porosity on the velocity profile are reversed. Using Mathcad software, graphs are sketched for various values of these parameters and are thoroughly described. The fluid properties discovered signif-icant findings and disclosed several characteristics for a range of flow parameters and fractional parameter values. Increasing the values of fractional parameters is shown to improve the characteristics of fluids, and this is beneficial in fitting experimental data related to heating and cooling processes, particularly in electronic equipment.

Mixed convection model for predicting the Nusselt number of oscillating vertical plates

In this study, we developed a mixed convection model for predicting the Nusselt number of periodically oscillating vertical plates. When a hot or cold vertical plate oscillates, a complex mixed convection flow occurs, a combination of natural and forced convection flow caused by temperature difference and oscillation, respectively. Here, to simplify the analysis, the natural convection flow is treated as a forced convection flow with a certain stream velocity. Then, by superimposing this flow on the forced convection, the mixed convection flow is approximated to a single effective forced convection flow. Based on this approximation, two closed-form correlations of the Nusselt number are suggested, each applicable to vertically and horizontally oscillating plates, respectively. To check the validity of the suggested correlations, we constructed an experimental apparatus to measure the heat transfer coefficient of oscillating plates. We validated the correlation applicable to horizontally oscillating plates using experimental data obtained from this apparatus, while the correlation developed for vertically oscillating plates was validated using experimental data obtained by previous researchers. Our model and experimental data are in good agreement within 8 % for horizontally oscillating plates and 13 % for vertically oscillating plates. To understand the influence of the Grashof and Reynolds numbers on the Nusselt number of oscillating plates, contour maps of the Nusselt number were presented with respect to the Grashof and Reynolds numbers, and then analyzed. Moreover, we suggest convection regime maps with respect to the Richardson and Prandtl numbers, which can be used to calculate the convection regime of oscillating plates. With the absence of empirical constants, the current model is applicable to all the Prandtl numbers in the range of Re<6×104 and 104<Gr×Pr<109. For this reason, our developed model can be widely used for heat transfer analysis of oscillating vertical plates under various conditions.

Magnetized electroosmotic drug delivery of Au-SiO2 nanocarriers through blood-based jeffrey hybrid nanofluid in a microchannel: Caputo Fabrizio derivative modeling

Fractional calculus is emerging as a promising field to overcome the intricacies inherent in biological systems that prevent conventional techniques from producing optimal results. The present research emphasizes the impact of thermal radiation, chemical reactions, and radiation absorption on an electroosmotic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) blood-based Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid flow in a microchannel, employing the novel Caputo-Fabrizio fractional calculus approach. This study is carried out on two models: ramped and constant boundary conditions with distinct zeta potentials. The graphs are drawn with the help of MATLAB software. Our results demonstrate that the fractional order significantly influences the drug dispersion, and for α=0.9 (fractional parameter), the blood flow becomes wavy. The presence of nanoparticles improves drug transport, hence enhancing the drug concentration in proximity to the target site. For α=0.1, the Jeffrey nanofluid with ramped conditions shows the highest velocity enhancement in the case of pressure-driven, natural convective flow. Electroosmotic force facilitates fluid flow and enhances drug transport efficiency. For Ha < 4, the blood velocity decreases in the vicinity of the plate y = 0, and reverse behavior is observed as it passes y = 0.5, which can aid in effective drug delivery. At y = 0, the heat transfer rate increases by a maximum of 199.18 % while skin friction decreases to 3.07 %, aiding in maintaining medications at the desired temperature and improving drug delivery efficiency. The temperature and velocity of the blood hybrid nanofluid are maximized under ramping wall settings compared to constant wall conditions.

Transition to chaotic flow, bifurcation, and entropy generation analysis inside a stratified trapezoidal enclosure for varying aspect ratio

In this numerical study, we investigate the effect of aspect ratio (AR) on the natural convection (NC) flow and entropy generation (Sgen) in a stratified fluid confined inside a trapezoidal enclosure with thermally stratified side walls. The bottom of the enclosure is heated, and top of the enclosure is cooled. We use the Finite Volume Method (FVM) for simulating unsteady flows. We consider a Prandtl number (Pr = 0.71 for air) and explore AR of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0, covering a wide range of Grashof numbers (Gr) from 10 to 108. The outcomes are presented for Grashof numbers and the effect of the AR on fluid flow, rates of heat transfer (HT), and Sgen inside the enclosure. Critical Grashof numbers are identified, marking the shift in flow behavior from being influenced by baroclinic to Rayleigh–Bénard instability, and from a steady to an unsteady state for various AR. In the context of this transition to chaotic flow, several supercritical bifurcations are observed, including a Pitchfork bifurcation from symmetric to asymmetric states and a Hopf bifurcation from a steady state to an unsteady state. Additionally, we analyze the discrepancies in average entropy generation (Savg) and average Bejan number (Beavg) across the entire enclosure, considering various AR and Gr values. It is observed that for enclosures with Gr ≥ 105, Savg increases as AR decreases, indicating an enhancement in HT rate with decreasing AR. Furthermore, a quantitative relationship between Savg, HT, AR, and Gr is presented. The study concludes that, as AR increases, the ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) decreases, signifying a reduction in thermodynamics efficiency.

Impact of the Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion during the radiative MHD hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching sheet

The article aims to analyze the effects of thermophoretic and Brownian motion on steady three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics with fully developed natural convective hybrid nanofluid flow past a bidirectionally extending sheet. We assumed the water-based copper and aluminum nanoparticles suspension under the influence of the rotational effect, nonlinear chemical reaction, thermal radiations, viscous dissipation, and heat source. The flow field is modeled with the help of the basic equations. Furthermore, the problem is reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the similarity variables. The reduced system of ODEs is solved with the semianalytical method (homotopy analysis method). The results for the state variables are displayed through graphs tables for various pertinent parameters. The thermal profile falls with the higher values of the Brownian and thermophoresis parameters, while the concentration profile shows an opposite trend with the increasing values of the Brownian parameter. Also, the slip parameter decreases both the thermal and concentration profiles as well as the surface drag. The velocity profiles along both directions fall with the higher magnetic strength and porosity parameters. The heat source and radiations parameter enhances the thermal profile with increasing values. The study also recommends the opposite trends for the axial and transverse velocities with increasing value of the stretching ratio factor. The proposed method convergence is present through [Formula: see text] curves for the regions [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] The skin friction and Nusselt number are displayed through tables numerically for various values of volume fraction and other important parameters.

The impact of suction/injection with radiation effect on natural convection flow over a vertical channel in the existence of point/line heat source configuration

The present study manifests the significance of a heat source concentrated at a point or along a line on the natural convection flow featuring suction/injection and radiation effect within a vertical channel. The consistent heat source is modeled with the Heaviside step function and converted to a point/line heat source. The governing equations modeling the flow are resolved by the Laplace transform technique. Shear stress, Nusselt coefficient, and mass flow rate, along with respective values, are examined through the analysis presented in tables whilst the physical components like suction/injection ( K ), Prandtl number (Pr), heat source (S), and radiation (N) are explored graphically on the velocity and the temperature field. Results illustrate that the temperature and the fluid velocity intensify with the escalation of point/heat source attributes. However, as the parameters Pr, K and N increase, the velocity distribution decelerates. In addition, the heat transfer rate gradually diminishes with an elevation in radiation, and reducing the line heat source to that of point heat source parameters corresponds to a decrease in the rate of heat transfer. Also, in the absence of radiation, the current finding aligns seamlessly with the established research in the literature.

Influence of chemical reaction on transient natural convective flow in an infinite vertical cylinder packed with porous material

A study of mass and heat transport on fully developed laminar and transient free convective flow in a vertical cylinder containing a porous substance inside it. The Laplace Transform Method (LTM) is used to solve the governing equations with suitable boundary conditions. A compact form solution represented by using Bessel and modified Bessel functions. The numerical results were thoroughly scrutinized using graphs and tables to illustrate the effects of newly discovered fluid characteristics, including time, Grashof, mass Grashof, Schmidt, Prandtl, Darcy numbers, viscosity ratio on the concentration and the velocity profiles. The velocity and concentration profiles progressively increase with varying time values until reaching a steady state. Furthermore, it is found that the velocity profiles are decreased by the Prandtl, Schmidt number, and viscosity ratio. In contrast, the Darcy, Grashof, and mass Grashof numbers exhibit an opposite effect. The rate of mass transport, skin friction, and mass flux are presented in tables. The major finding of the current research is that the viscosity ratio parameter decelerates the skin friction and mass flux. This study has potential applications in innovative fields such as solar energy systems, chemical engineering processes, etc.

A dimensionless heat transfer coefficient for free convection that is more appropriate than Nusselt number

Heat transfer in flows created by buoyancy, or natural convection, is a widely studied topic across various disciplines spanning natural flows as well as those with engineering applications. The convective heat transfer rate on a surface is commonly represented by the Nusselt number (Nu), a ratio of convective to diffusive transport, expressed often as RanPrm, where Ra is the Rayleigh number, the buoyancy forcing parameter, and Pr the Prandtl number. Motivated by the observation that n∼1/3 for turbulent convection, which implies the heat flux is independent of the length scale (L, characteristic length related to the geometry), we propose an alternate and physically more meaningful non-dimensional heat transfer parameter, denoted by Cq. Cq is derived using only the near wall variables and does not contain L. For n=1/3, Cq is constant. Even for laminar convection, where n∼1/4, Cq∼Ra−1/12, a weak function of Ra. We show that for natural convection over several geometries and a wide range of Ra, the Cq values within a narrow range while the corresponding Nu values span several orders of magnitude. We also show that Cq is akin to the non-dimensional representation of wall shear stress, skin friction coefficient Cf. We believe that just like Cf, Cq will be an equally useful non-dimensional measure of heat transfer in natural convection flows.

Computational analysis of magnetohydrodynamic ternary-hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer inside a porous cavity with shape effects

The current study aims to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic natural convective fluid flow and heat transmission features of the ternary-hybrid nanofluid filled the partially heated porous square cavity under the impacts of heat absorption/generation and thermal radiation. The governing equations are solved using the Marker and Cell method. In the present study, three different types of nanoparticles, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), and silver (Ag), are suspended in an inorganic (water) or non-polar organic (kerosene) solvent. Nine different shapes of nanoparticles are utilized in this study. The outcomes show that for the fixed pertinent parameter values of the existence and nonexistence of heat generation/absorption, the MoS2+SWCNT+Ag/water ternary-hybrid nanofluids synthesized by lamina-shaped nanoparticles, the average thermal transmission rate is increased by 40.8523%, 36.329%, and 38.7025%, respectively, than sphere-shaped nanoparticles. In addition, utilizing the MoS2+SWCNT+Ag/kerosene ternary-hybrid nanofluids synthesized by lamina-shaped nanoparticles, the average heat transmission rate is augmented by 38.0322%, 33.0464%, and 35.5868%, respectively, than sphere-shaped nanoparticles. The current study reveals that the fluid flow and heat transfer efficiency are significantly increased by improving the nanoparticle volume fraction and shape factors depending upon the existence of heat absorption/generation. The high average heat transfer efficiency is observed when lamina-shaped nanoparticles are dispersed into the water compared to kerosene in the presence of a heat source. This study can enhance heat transmission efficiency in various industrial and engineering fields, such as heat exchangers, solar collectors, and fuel cells.

Finite element method for natural convection flow of Casson hybrid (Al2O3–Cu/water) nanofluid inside H-shaped enclosure

The fundamental problem in electronic cooling systems is the implementation of a cavity such that it can be used to provide localized cooling to specific components, such as CPUs or GPUs, enhancing their performance and longevity. It can also be used in microfluidic devices for controlled drug delivery, where precise control of fluid flow is crucial. The present article numerically explores the free convection non-Newtonian Casson hybrid nanofluid phenomena that occur within an H-shaped cavity while heated from the middle. The heating efficiency and heat flow in a cavity are influenced by perpendicular hot walls that connect two vertical closed channels. A numerical solution is obtained by implementing the Galerkin finite element method to solve the partial differential equation. The numerical outcomes are depicted on the contour of streamlines and isotherms for different parameters in the following ranges: 0.1 ≤ η ≤ 0.4, 0.005≤ϕhp≤0.020, 0.1 ≤ γ ≤ 2, and 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106 at fixed Pr = 6.2. In addition, line graphs show rate of heat transfer within the enclosure using the average Nusselt number for these parameters. Increased aspect ratios (η = 0.4) result in a minimal rate of heat transfer enhancement, whereas decreasing η leads to a significantly higher average Nusselt number and maximum heat transfer within the cavity. The convective rate of heat transfer increases with the presence of hybrid nanoparticles inside an H-shaped cavity for all Rayleigh numbers. The rotation of the Casson hybrid nanofluid also rises as the volume ratio of nanoparticles increases. For a fixed aspect ratio (A.R) of 0.1, the heat dissipation is 6.91% at a lower ϕhp value of 0.005 at a fixed Ra value of 105. However, it increases to 7.072% for a higher ϕhp value of 0.02 at Ra = 105. With increasing Ra number, ϕhp, and γ, the number NuAve increases.

Optimal Design Of The Concentric Annulus For The Solar Collectors And Energy Storage

Heat exchangers with uniform heating ensure even heat distribution, improving heat transfer efficiency and lowering thermal stress. It contributes to increasing the effectiveness of solar energy conversion into thermal energy in solar collectors, improving system performance and sustainability. It is essential for enhancing performance in both home and industrial applications because of these advantages. An experimental investigation was conducted to study the natural convective flow between two isothermal concentric cylinders filled with porous media (silica sand) and equipped with annular fins attached to the inner cylinder. The fins varied in length (Hf = 3, 7, and 11 mm), and the radius ratios (Rr) between the cylinders were also considered during the study. This work examines and discusses the effects of independent characteristics, such as fin height (Hf), radius ratio (Rr), and Rayleigh number (Ra) from 10 to 500, on heat transfer outcomes. As the distance between the two cylinders expands, the average Nu remains relatively constant for low values of Ra. However, as Ra approaches 100, the average Nu increases. These values also rose when Rr decreased for the hot cylinder and vice versa for the cold cylinder. The average Nusselt number versus Ra was analyzed in graphical form to show the effect of the fin number on the average Nusselt number. The analysis includes a range of fin numbers. It is found that as the amount of fins increases from n = 12 to n = 23 and eventually to n = 45, there is a decrease in the average Nusselt number. The decrease in average Nusselt number can range from 19.2% to 26.6% for the same value of Ra.

Entropy generation analysis of natural convection flow in porous diamond-shaped cavity

This study investigates the entropy generation analysis of natural convection flow within a diamond-shaped cavity filled with porous media. The research focuses on understanding the effects of a chamfered vertex and the introduction of one or two circular cold objects within the cavity. Using COMSOL Multiphysics software, the study examines various Rayleigh (Ra) and Darcy (Da) numbers to analyze the flow dynamics, heat transfer (HT), and entropy generation (Egen). Results indicate that the presence of cold objects significantly influences the flow patterns, enhances HT, and increases Egen due to fluid friction (FF). Higher Ra values lead to more vigorous convective currents, while lower Da values indicate a transition to conduction-dominated regimes. In addition, the heat transfer rate increases by 5 % by introducing a single cold cylinder inside the cavity for Da = 10−2 and Ra = 106. This enhancement rises to 16 % when two cold cylinders are introduced. The study provides valuable insights into optimizing cooling processes within diamond-shaped cavities by identifying key parameters that affect HT and irreversibility.

Applying a momentum-based variable formulation in the SIMPLE algorithm to numerically solve thermo-buoyant turbulent flow in enclosures

Natural or buoyant convection flow is an exemplary heat transfer phenomenon, with growing applications in various industries. This article develops a new algorithm, which models and solves the buoyancy-driven turbulent flows in enclosures more accurately than the past similar solvers. A careful literature review shows that the past existing approaches have mostly had serious limitations to apply their algorithms to buoyancy-driven flows with high temperature differences magnitude because of employing the classical Boussinesq approximation. As the novelty of this study, it benefits from a momentum-based variable approach in the context of the semi-implicit method for the pressure linked equations (SIMPLE) algorithm, which lets it accurately solve the strong compressible buoyant flows with high temperature differences. The algorithm is applied to both the Navier-Stokes and the accompanied turbulent flow governing equations using OpenFOAM 4.1 as the platform. To validate the developed algorithm, the current results are compared with experimental data in both square and tall cavities considering low (8.6 × 105), high (1.43 × 106), and very high (1.58 × 109) Rayleigh numbers. As the major contribution of this work, it improves the accuracy of the thermo-buoyant turbulent flow prediction at both low and high Rayleigh numbers. All test cases are carried out employing two different turbulence models of k-ω and k-ε. Furthermore, comparing the results of the present non-Boussinesq algorithm and those of the past developed methods with the experimental data, it is shown that the present algorithm provides a more accurate prediction for the temperature field, that is, &lt;10% differences with the experimental data. Moreover, the present maximum velocity results surpass the solution of the past numerical methods and show &lt;3% differences with the experimental data.

Programmable Crowding and Tunable Phases in a Binary Mixture of Colloidal Particles under Light-Driven Thermal Convection.

We employ photothermally driven self-assembly of colloidal particles to design microscopic structures with programmable size and tunable order. The experimental system is based on a binary mixture of "plasmonic heater" gold nanoparticles and "assembly building block" microparticles. Photothermal heating of the gold nanoparticles under visible light causes a natural convection flow that efficiently assembles the microscale building block particles (diameter 1-10 μm) into a monolayer. We identify the onset of active Brownian motion of colloidal particles under this convective flow by varying the conditions of light intensity, gold nanoparticle concentration, and sample height. We realize a crowded assembly of microparticles around the center of illumination and show that the size of the particle crowd can be programmed using patterned light illumination. In a binary mixture of gold nanoparticles and polystyrene microparticles, we demonstrate the formation of rapid and large-scale crystalline monolayers, covering an area of 0.88 mm2 within 10 min. We find that the structural order of the assembly can be tuned by varying the surface charge of the nanoparticles and the size of the microparticles, giving rise to the formation of different phases-colloidal crystals, crowds, and gels. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we explain how the phases emerge from the interplay between hydrodynamic and electrostatic interactions, as well as the assembly kinetics. Our study demonstrates the promise of self-assembly with programmable shapes and structural order under nonequilibrium conditions using an accessible setup comprising only binary mixtures and LED light.

Implementing the predictor-corrector approach to examine the thermo-solutal convection for buongiorno eyring-powell nanofluid model with squeezed microcantilivier surface

The Buongiorno nanofluid model serves as a foundational model for theoretical and experimental research in the field of nanofluids, and this model can be applied to various engineering problems, including heat exchangers, biomedical applications, solar collectors, nuclear reactors, and different cooling systems in the automotive and electronics industries. The use of nanofluids in the Eyring-Powell fluid over a squeezed sensing surfaces is a vital area of research for the design and improvement of microfluidic devices and sensors, which find widespread usage in industrial and medical applications. The main purpose of this work is to note the augmentation in thermal conductivity by using the Buongiorno nanofluid model along with the natural convective flow of non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell fluid that is moving on the squeezed sensory surface along with slip velocity. The viscosity of a fluid is assumed to be dependent on temperature. The Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux and chemical reaction are assumed to determine the combined effect of heat and mass transport. The governing model of equations is in the form of dimensional partial differential equations, and we have to convert these equations into ordinary differential equations; therefore, a set of similarity transformations is adopted for making the equations into dimensionless form. The numerical results were obtained by adopting the predictor and corrector multistep method, namely the ‘Adams-Bashforth’ technique, in Matlab software. The use of natural convective flow enhances the velocity region. The velocity slip parameter increases the velocity of the fluid, whereas the viscosity parameter drops the velocity profile. The thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters are the sources of the increment in the temperature region. The thermal relaxation and solutal relaxation parameters are the sources of decline in the temperature region. The squeezing parameter is the source of reduction in the skin friction, whereas the result indicates that the fluid parameter, Grashof number, and viscosity coefficients increase the skin friction.