Natural Catchments Research Articles

Predictive capabilities, robustness and limitations of two event-based approaches for lag time estimation in heterogeneous watersheds

Several studies have demonstrated that response times in natural catchments decrease with increasing rainfall intensity. Consequently, event-based estimations of catchment response times are of paramount importance in applied hydrology. Specifically, they have the potential to address a major inconsistency in the use of empirical formulas. These formulas often assume response times as constant parameters, regardless of whether extreme or frequent flood events are considered, thus neglecting the role of flow velocities.In this paper, built upon previous approaches developed and/or analyzed by the authors, two different recent methods for event-based estimations of catchment response times are critically reviewed, and their predictive performances are compared. First, four “physically-based” formulas, calibrated using synthetic rainfalls in three small Italian watersheds to reproduce the results of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic-based rainfall/runoff model and, consequently, the simulated wave celerities, are considered. Then, the detrending moving-average cross-correlation analysis (DMCA) has been applied to assess the average time elapsed between the centroids of precipitation and discharge time series.The soundness of these two approaches is initially assessed based on their ability to reproduce estimated lag times from observations. Their robustness is further evaluated by analyzing the magnitude and basin scale dependence of the inferred velocities compared to observed values, following a recent approach proposed in the literature. These issues are discussed with reference to 60 rainfall-runoff events occurring across 27 watersheds in Hungary and Italy, which possess substantially different geomorphic and climatic features, highlighting both the potential and the need for further improvements. Both approaches give error rates of around 37% for the proposed dataset.

Evaluation of hydraulic adequacy of runoff disposal in urban watersheds of rapidly expanding towns

ABSTRACT The growth of cities significantly alters natural catchments by increasing impervious surfaces and necessitating the installation of an appropriate drainage system. Arba Minch is rapidly expanding and facing street flooding. The objective of this study is to assess the hydraulic adequacy of runoff disposal in urban watersheds located in rapidly expanding towns. Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) was used to perform rainfall-runoff simulation. Personal Computer SWMM (PCSWMM) was used to carry out calibration and validation in the watershed. The primary and secondary data were used. Five Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) categories identified were asphalt, cobble, vegetation, bare soil, and roof. The result shows 33.49% area is covered with highly impervious land cover. The overall calibration and validation are a very good fit with the observed flow. The total runoff volume of 9494.15 km3 was generated from the town area which is 13.7 km2. The peak runoff determined from 373 sub-catchments varied from 0.01 to 4.48 m3s−1. According to the simulated result, 7.46% of existing drainage channels were flooded. Anticipating future runoff generation, this study evaluates the inadequacy of existing drainage channels in urban areas. Hydraulic analysis is recommended before constructing drainage structures to protect from flooding.

Indigenous Education System and Environmental Conservation Initiatives for Sustainable Development: Experiences from Nyamwezi in Uyui District, Tanzania

For centuries, African communities in their localities have co-existed with their natural environment in a harmonious manner leading to sustainability of both, the humans and the natural resources base. This co-existence is enabled by what is referred to as the indigenous environmental knowledge system. Indigenous knowledge has always been transferred from one generation to the next through norms, stories and cultural practices. This paper explores Indigenous Education systems and their implications to the conservation practices of the environment in Uyui district in Tabora region. The paper dwells on both primary and secondary data to provide insights on how Indigenous Education Systems embedded with traditional, initiation and local religious affiliation, have been used since time immemorial as one of the indirect initiatives of preserving, protecting and managing natural catchment forests. Random, Snowball and purposive sampling techniques were used to get a total of 120 respondents for this study. The study revealed that local communities in Uyui district have their system of knowledge affiliated with traditions, rituals and taboos which have been used to protect environmental and natural resources since the pre-colonial era up to the post-colonial epoch in Tanzania. The majority of respondents argue that the indigenous knowledge system was practical in protecting the natural resources in the local areas as it was embedded in the taboos, traditional rituals and religious beliefs. Failure or abandonment of the indigenous traditions has led to mismanagement of forest resources and other natural resources. The paper recommends both local and central government incorporate Indigenous knowledge and experiences in their endeavors of protecting and preserving the Environment in Uyui district in Tabora region for sake of sustainable development in Tanzania.

Future Changes in Floods, Droughts, and Their Extents in the Alps: A Sensitivity Analysis With a Non‐Stationary Stochastic Streamflow Generator

AbstractSpatially compounding droughts and floods challenge water management and may become more severe in a warming climate. However, the influence of climate change on widespread hydrologic extremes remains largely unknown because they are neither well represented in observations nor in models. Here, we present a non‐stationary stochastic streamflow generator that captures streamflow dependencies between different catchments and represents seasonal covariations of streamflow with temperature. We run this model for 925 nearly natural catchments in the Alps to generate daily streamflow time series for a reference period and three warming levels of 1, 2, and 3°C. Then, we identify drought and flood events, determine their spatial extents, and assess changes in all of these characteristics. This sensitivity analysis for different warming levels suggests that changes in flood characteristics and spatial extent are substantially weaker than those in drought characteristics and spatial extent. While floods show changes in their timing toward earlier in the year, simulated changes in magnitude, volume, duration, and spatial extent are negligible. In contrast, droughts show changes not just in timing but also intensity, deficit, duration, and extent. Specifically, droughts are projected to intensify, last longer, and slightly increase in spatial extent, with the magnitude of change increasing with the warming level. These projected changes highlight the need to develop adaptation strategies in particular for droughts. Such adaptation strategies should go beyond local adaptation and consider that extreme events become more widespread in a warming world.

Small villages and their sanitary infrastructure—an unnoticed influence on water quantity and a threat to water quality in headwater catchments

In rural catchments, villages often feature their own, separate urban water infrastructure, including combined sewer overflows (CSOs) or wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These point sources affect the water quantity and quality of the receiving low order streams. However, the extent of this impact is rarely monitored. We installed discharge and water quality measurements at the outlet of two small, neighbouring headwater catchments, one that includes a village, a WWTP, and two CSOs, while the other is predominantly influenced by agricultural activities. We also deployed electrical conductivity (EC) loggers at the CSOs to accurately detect discharge times. Discharge from the WWTP and CSOs led to higher peak flows and runoff coefficients during events. Less dilution of EC and increasing ammonium-N (NH4 − N) and ortho-phosphorus (oPO4 − P) concentrations indicate a significant contribution of poorly treated wastewater from the WWTP. During CSO events, water volumes and nutrient loads were clearly elevated, although concentrations were diluted, except for nitrite-N (NO2 − N) and particulate phosphorus (PP). Baseflow nitrate-N (NO3 − N) concentrations were diluted by the WWTP effluent, which led to considerably lower concentrations compared to the more agriculturally influenced stream. Concentrations of oPO4 − P, NH4 − N, and NO2 − N, which are most likely to originate from the WWTP, vary throughout the year but are always elevated. Our study shows the major and variable impact rural settlements can have on stream hydrology and water quality. Point sources should be monitored more closely to better understand the interaction of natural catchment responses and effects caused by sanitary infrastructure.

Inverse task of pollution spreading – Localization of source in extensive open channel network structure

Abstract This paper is focused on the problem of the pollutant source localisation in streams in other words the solution of the inverse problem of pollution spreading with in an extensive open channel network structure, i.e. in a complex system of rivers, channels and creeks in natural catchments or sewer systems in urban catchments. The design of the overall localisation procedure is based on the requirement that the entire localization system be operative and fast enough to enable quick operative interventions and help prevent the spread of pollution. The proposed model, as well as, the overall localisation procedure was calibrated and tested on a real sewer system, which represents in this case an extensive open channel network structure with free surface flow. The test results are successful and confirmed applicability of proposed localization tool in simple real conditions. However, the localisation procedure has pros and cons, which are discussed in the paper.

Effects of drought on the physicochemical, nutrient, and carbon metrics of flows in the Savannah River, Georgia, USA

AbstractHydrological drought has wide‐ranging impacts on water quality, nutrient and carbon metrics, and given the uncertainty of climate change and the predicted increased frequency and intensity of drought in the future, investigations into changes induced by drought become increasingly important. This study compared physicochemical parameters (temperature, conductivity, pH and DO), nutrients (TN, NOX [NO2 + NO3], NH3 and TP) and carbon (TOC and DOC) between hydrological drought conditions (2006–2008) and hydrological normal conditions (2016–2019) at five sites along the lower Savannah River (Georgia, USA). Although we had predicted that water temperatures would increase from drought, we instead found temperature was significantly lower during drought conditions. Levels of pH and DO were significantly higher during drought. Further, TN, TOC and DOC concentrations were significantly lower during drought, but NOX concentrations were significantly higher during drought. Conductivity varied at the lower river sites, being significantly higher during drought at sites located below the city of Augusta, GA. These complex changes could be attributed to volume reductions coupled with an increase in the percentage of total flow originating from groundwater as well as limnetic reservoir inputs, persistent point source pollution, reduced natural catchment inputs and/or reduced floodplain interactions. The changes that occurred during drought may be disruptive to aquatic life, not only from reduced water quantity but also due to a scarcity of some biologically essential materials and lower food resources, combined with artificially high levels of some other potentially stressful materials.

Assessing the Long-Term Production of Suspended Sediment and the Climate Changes Impact on Its Deposition in Artificial Lakes—A Case Study of Lake Trakošćan, Croatia

A prevalent engineering task in practice is calculating the annual balance of sediments on some watercourses. This is particularly challenging when assessing the backfilling of river reservoirs that have a multifunctional purpose. Trakošćan Lake was built in the period from 1850 to 1862 as a pond and landscape addition to the park and Trakošćan castle. After 60 years, the lake was drained in 2022, and the work began on sediment excavation to improve the lake’s ecological condition due to about 200,000 cubic meters of deposited silt in the lake. In this research, the annual sediment production is calculated for the long-term period 1961–2020, based on empirical parametric methods (Fleming, Brunne). The results are compared with results from previous projects and recent sediment deposit investigations. Since there are no changes in LC/LU on this natural catchment, the decreasing trends in long-term sediment transport were compared with meteorological values, daily rainfall, and snow days. It is concluded that the intensity characteristics of the rainfall should be investigated more in detail and could provide much more tangible information regarding climate change impacts. Some targets for future monitoring design and research techniques are set.

Monitoring the Water Quality of the Tigris River and Producing Maps to Determine the Locations of Turbidity in the Water for the Year 2022 in Baghdad Governorate

Abstract Interest has recently increased in the sustainable development of the natural resources of the land cover, including the water resources stored in natural catchments such as lakes and marshes and flowing from the sources to the rivers, and in increasing human activities from cultivating and fertilizing the land, to establishing factories and throwing industrial waste into rivers to throwing bore water in addition to Clay silt as a result of weathering and erosion of the soil. The purpose of the study is to monitor and determine the quality of the Tigris River water from turbidity, industrial waste and the rest of the materials that pollute the Tigris River. The section of the Tigris River passing through the city of Baghdad was selected as a sample for the study, and the data were used. Remote sensing techniques in the investigation of the polluted area in the Tigris River in Baghdad. The Landsat 8 (OLI) image of Baghdad was used as the best sensor to measure the spectral reflectivity of land features, including water, with a spatial resolution of 30 m on October 18, 2020. The Arc GIS v10.8 application software package was used to process the image data and measure the normalized turbidity index using the green band (3) and the red band (4). Turbidity was calculated using Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI), and then classified based on the high and low values of (NDTI). The results indicated that three categories of water quality succeeded in assessing and mapping the turbidity of the water that pollutes the Tigris River. The study is worthwhile. I can be deal with the rest of the pollutants using remote sensing data as the best technology and results at the fastest costs.

Hillslope and catchment scale landform evolution – Predicting catchment form and surface properties

Computer-based coupled soilscape-landform evolution models provide an avenue for estimating the erosion potential of a landform over geological timescales. They also provide tools to understand soil-landform relationships in the context of both field and modelled pedogenesis processes. In this study, we used the State Space Soil Production and Assessment Model (SSSPAM) and CAESAR-Lisflood landform evolution model to simulate the evolution of a natural catchment where soil erosion rates have been closely monitored over the last 20 years. Both models predict comparable erosion rates to that of field measurements and produce similar catchment scale geomorphological patterns. Rock content data measured in the field along two transects were compared with SSSPAM simulations at the same representative points. The results showed that SSSPAM produced similar rock content variation along the respective transects. The findings demonstrate 'SSSPAM's ability to predict catchment scale erosion and surface soil distribution. The insights demonstrated here provide confidence in the SSSPAM model for Soilscape predictions for natural, agricultural and post-mining landform assessment.

Projecting the impacts of the bioeconomy on Nordic land use and freshwater quality and quantity – An overview

This paper synthesizes a five-year project (BIOWATER) that assessed the effects of a developing bioeconomy on Nordic freshwaters. We used a catchment perspective and combined several approaches: comparative analyses of long-term data sets from well-monitored catchments (agricultural, with forestry, and near pristine) across Fennoscandia, catchment biogeochemical modelling and ecosystem services assessment for integration. Various mitigation measures were also studied. Benchmark Shared Socio-economic Pathways were downscaled and articulated in dialogue with national stakeholder representatives leading to five Nordic Bioeconomy Pathways (NBPs) describing plausible but different trajectories of societal development towards 2050.These were then used for catchment modelling and ecosystem service assessment. Key findings from the work synthesized here are: (a) The monitoring results from 69 catchments demonstrate that agricultural lands exported an order of magnitude more nutrients than natural catchments (medians 44 vs 4 kg P km−2 y-1 and 1450 vs 139 kg N km−2 y-1) whilst forests were intermediate (7 kg P km−2 y-1 and 200 kg N km−2 y-1). (b) Our contrasting scenarios led to substantial differences in land use patterns, which affected river flow as well as nutrient loads in two of the four modelled catchments (Danish Odense Å and Norwegian Skuterud), but not in two others (Swedish catchment C6 and Finnish Simojoki). (c) Strongly contrasting scenarios (NBP1 maximizing resource circularity versus NBP5 maximizing short-term profit) were found to lead to similar monetary estimates of total societal benefits, though for different underlying reasons – a pattern similar across the six studied Nordic catchments. (d) The ecological status of small to medium sized rivers in agricultural landscapes benefitted greatly from an increase in riparian forest cover from 10 % to 60 %. Riparian buffer strips, constructed wetlands, rewetting of ditched peatlands, and similar nature-based solutions optimize natural biogeochemical processes and thus can help in mitigating negative impacts of intensified biomass removal on water quality.

The ‘Deluge’ of 25 October 1822 in Genoa, Italy

The ‘Deluge’ of 25 October 1822 in Genoa, Italy

Identifying driving processes of drought recovery in the southern Andes natural catchments

Study regionThe natural river basins of Chile. Study focusDrought effects on terrestrial ecosystems produce hydroclimatic stress with variable extensions. Particularly, hydrological drought duration can provide a better understanding of recovery together with catchment characteristics and climatology. This study focuses on the impacts of the multi-year drought experienced in Chile for more than a decade.The recovery of relevant catchment variables to quantify the drought termination (DT) and drought termination duration (DTD) after the hydrological drought is presented. A composite analysis of natural catchments using the CAMELS-CL data set discharge (1988–2020), k-NDVI (2000–2020), and soil moisture (1991–2020) provides the average response of the recovery after severe droughts. New hydrological insights for the regionThis study demonstrates that local catchment properties can explain the recovery of studied variables after a hydrological drought.Explanatory variables from CAMELS-CL to derive the DT using random forest regression (RFR) were used with a strong correlation of 0.92, 0.84, and 0.89 for discharge, vegetation productivity, and soil moisture, respectively.The discharge patterns show longer recovery over environments dominated by shrublands with less precipitation and higher temperatures, in central Chile, while higher latitudes with higher vegetation cover, increasing precipitation, and lower temperatures present shorter recovery times. The vegetation productivity shows longer recovery over highly vegetated mountains in central Chile. The soil moisture recovery spatial distribution presented patterns that connect them with the discharge recovery. This work enables the identification of drought vulnerability, which is valuable for managing water resources and ecosystems and is helping to predict drought recovery periods in regions with a lack of observations.

Assessment of streamwater age using water stable isotopes in a headwater catchment of the central Tibetan Plateau

Global warming has significantly impacted the hydrological processes in alpine cryosphere region. Water age is an essential descriptor of the hydrological function within a catchment. However, the mechanism of streamwater age variability remains unclear due to limited observational data and high altitudes of alpine catchment. In this study, long-term stable isotopic data on streamwater in a catchment in the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) were collected to assess the water age using the sine-wave approach and gamma distribution. Results showed that the mean streamwater age was 77 days, and that 30 % of streamwater was less than 41 days old on average. The streamwater age in this study was relatively younger than that in low-elevation natural catchments, indicating that the rapid drainage process occurs within the glacier and permafrost catchment. The fraction of young water (Fyw) of the streamwater decreased from 39 % at an upstream site to 28 % at the outlet, revealing the impact of permafrost (low Fyw: 25 %) on streamwater age. These variabilities were related to glacier and permafrost coverage, specifically in catchments with higher glacier coverage that are prone to have a lower water age. Temporally, the streamwater age was significantly influenced by precipitation, relative humidity, and glacier change and, to a lesser extent, permafrost change. Mechanically, glacier and permafrost changes influenced the water age by increasing the vertical flowpath length. This study provides new insights into the change in hydrological processes in alpine headwater catchments under global warming.

Wide / narrow-area slope stability analysis considering infiltration and runoff during heavy precipitation

Runoff generated by heavy rainfall in natural catchment area and caused by ditch clogging in artificial structure increases the instability of the slope. The effects of runoff are usually neglected in traditional rainfall-induced slope failure analysis. In order to consider the effects of runoff on the slope instability, this study attempts to simulate the runoff, infiltration and slope instabilities simultaneously on both wide/narrow area. For this purpose, this study firstly proposes a coupled model of surface flow, subsurface flow, and soil mechanics based on Diffusion wave equations, Richards’s equation, Green-Ampt infiltration capacity model, and local factor of safety approach in wide area simulation. Next, snowmelt and surface grass layer are additionally considered in narrow area simulation. Finally, the proposed coupled model is applied to two slopes at Nissho Pass and Kuromatsunai in Hokkaido, Japan. The slope instabilities assessment approach provides an effective method for simulating runoff and slope instabilities. In wide area, the distribution map of the factor of safety has significant implications for precisely determining the dangerous spots and accurately releasing the warning information. In narrow area, the slope disaster points caused by the ditch clogging are extracted and effect of grass layer on slope stability assessment is demonstrated. The construction and maintenance of the drainage system can be re-designed to ensure all the surface flow caused by the precipitation drain out smoothly.

Controls on Spatial Variability in Mean Concentrations and Export Patterns of River Chemistry Across the Australian Continent

AbstractThe state and dynamics of river chemistry are influenced by both anthropogenic and natural catchment characteristics. However, understanding key controls on catchment mean concentrations and export patterns comprehensively across a wide range of climate zones is still lacking, as most of this research is focused on temperate regions. In this study, we investigate the catchment controls on mean concentrations and export patterns (concentration–discharge relationship,C–Qslope) of river chemistry, using a long‐term data set of up to 507 sites spanning five climate zones (i.e., arid, Mediterranean, temperate, subtropical, tropical) across the Australian continent. We use Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and hierarchical modeling (BHM) approaches to predict the mean concentrations and export patterns and compare the relative importance of 26 catchment characteristics (e.g., topography, climate, land use, land cover, soil properties and hydrology). Our results demonstrate that mean concentrations result from the interaction of catchment indicators and anthropogenic factors (i.e., land use, topography and soil), while export patterns are influenced by topography. We also found that incorporating the effects of climate zones in a BHM framework improved the predictability of both mean concentrations andC–Qslopes, suggesting the importance of climatic controls on hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Our study provides insights into the contrasting effects of catchment controls across different climate zones. Investigating those controls can inform sustainable water quality management strategies that consider the potential changes in river chemistry state and export behavior.

Resolving streamflow diel fluctuations in a small agricultural catchment with an integrated surface‐subsurface hydrological model

AbstractDuring dry periods, stream discharge in vegetated catchments can naturally fluctuate up to 10% daily. Despite intensive efforts put in observing and interpreting diel fluctuations of stream discharge across a range of instrumented natural catchments worldwide, the capability of state‐of‐the‐art hydrological models to reproduce and explain such processes has rarely been tested. Here, we used CATHY, a physics‐based integrated surface‐subsurface hydrological model (ISSHM), to simulate the stream discharge in a small tile‐drained agricultural catchment in Switzerland, where streamflow diel fluctuations appeared in dry periods. The model was able to satisfactorily reproduce the measured stream discharge, including the observed diel fluctuations. Next, we designed and simulated a series of modelling scenarios aimed to disentangle the processes contributing to the diel fluctuations in stream discharge. These scenarios revealed the predominant role of evapotranspiration (ET) in the establishment of diel fluctuations in stream discharge. Irrigation sustained the baseflow in dry periods and caused short‐living streamflow peaks, which did not directly cause, but superposed to, diel patterns. Vegetation rooting depths and response to oxygen stress in the root zone slightly affected the amplitude of the streamflow diel fluctuations, while changes in the saturated hydraulic conductivity driven by diel soil temperature fluctuations caused an amplitude of the streamflow diel signal 10 times smaller compared to the one caused by ET. Our study demonstrates that ISSHMs such as CATHY can provide high‐fidelity spatially‐distributed dynamic simulations of evapotranspiration and irrigation fluxes, as well as soil moisture and groundwater flows, enhancing our understanding of the role of these hydrological processes during dry periods and thus making these models useful tools for a more sustainable management of agricultural catchments.

LONG AND WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP TO FECUNDITY OF CEMPEDIK FISH (Osteochilus spilurus) IN CATCHING SEASON IN THE LENGGANG RIVER, EAST BELITUNG

The one of Belitung Island’s native fish which has important economic value is Cempedik fish (Osteochilus spilurus). Its consumption, which still relies on natural catchments, requires a study of its biology and ecology. One of the studies that have never been studied in the maturity of this species is the relationship of fecundity with fish weight - length and gonad weight. This study used samples of Cempedik fish from the Lenggang River, East Belitung which were obtained randomly from the catches of fishermen. Sampling adjusts the fishing season that occurs in the rainy season. The preparation was carried out on whole fish using 4% formalin. Calculation of fecundity gravimetrically and compared with fish lengths and gonad weights in the graph. Fecundity in 2015 was 222 – 10,947 eggs and in 2016 there were 335 – 2,060 eggs. Fish body length and weight affected the fecundity of the 2015 fish sample but had no effect on the 2016 sample. This is predicted to occur due to differences in sampling time to position and rainfall in the rainy season, availability and suitability of natural feed, and changes in habitat quality. Gonadal weight correlated with fecundity, where the higher the gonadal weight, the higher the fecundity.
 Keywords: Cempedik, rainy season, maturity, fecundity.

Morphometric and Meristic Analysis of Rasbora in East Java Province

Rasbora (Rasbora sp.) is one of the endemic freshwater fish species in East Java, which is currently being threatened due to environmental degradation, human activities and pollution. In East Java, it is known that there are several species of Rasbora (Rasbora sp.). Domestication is one method to preserve Rasbora in East Java, preceded by identifying potential species of Rasbora sp. from the natural catchment. This study aims to determine the diversity of Rasbora sp in East Java. Samples were taken at five different locations, specifically: Nganjuk (Brantas Watersheds), Ngawi (Bengawan Solo Watersheds, Silowo Springs Tuban, Umbulan Springs Pasuruan and the Setail Watersheds Banyuwangi. The main parameters observed were morphology and morphometry. The morphological analysis used identification guidelines, while morphometric data were obtained through 15 parameters measurement then analyzed using one-way Anova test on SPSS 25 software. Based on the morphological and morphometric analysis, it is known that the species of Rasbora in Nganjuk and Ngawi regencies are Rasbora argyrotaenia and the species of Rasbora in Tuban, Pasuruan and Banyuwangi regencies are Rasbora lateristriata. One-way Anova test showed Rasbora from the five locations were significantly different based on the result value of p<0.05.

Morphological Analysis of Sili (Macrognathus sp.) in Some Regencies in East Java Province

Sili (Macrognathus sp.) is one of freshwater fishes that has high economic value in Asia, since it is beneficial as a consumable fish and an ornamental fish. The economic potential of Sili triggers overfishing, especially in East Java. Domestication is a method to preserve Sili in East Java, preceded by identifying potential species of Macrognathus sp. from the natural catchment. This study aims to characterize the morphological differences of Macrognathus sp in several regencies in East Java based on morphological and morphometric phenotypes. Samples were collected at five different locations, specifically: Tulungagung (Boyolangu Watersheds), Kediri (Brantas Watersheds), Mojokerto (Brantas Watersheds), Lamongan (Bengawan Solo Watersheds), and Malang (Karangkates Reservoir). The main parameters observed were morphology and morphometry. The morphological analysis used identification guidelines, while morphometric data were obtained through 14 parameters measurement then analyzed using one-way Anova test on SPSS 25 software. Based on the morphological and morphometric analysis, it is known that the species of Sili in some regencies in East Java are Macrognathus tapirus and Macrognathus aculeatus. The results showed that samples from Tuban and Kediri are Macrognathus tapirus. Furthermore, the samples collected from Mojokerto, Lamongan, and Malang are Macrognathus aculeatus. One-way Anova test showed Sili from the five locations were significantly different based on the result value of p<0.05.