Natural Binder Research Articles

Maleic anhydride esterified potato starch as the binder in silicon nanoparticles anode for lithium-ion batteries

Potato starch is a natural carbohydrate binder. Starch has hydroxyl groups that can promote interaction with silicon particles using multifaceted hydrogen bonds. Maleic anhydride esterified potato starch can produce a binder that maintains the cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra show wavelengths of 1776 cm−1 and 1855 cm−1. Thermal gravimetric analysis curves decreased in weight percent by 80 % at 286 °C. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra show high peaks at 3.37 ppm, 3.65 ppm, 4.56 ppm, 5.09 ppm, and 6.22 ppm. Scanning electron microscope images show that the morphological change in esterified starch was due to the increased length of starch and the maleic anhydride grafted onto the starch granules. The cyclic voltammetry curve shows that the reduction peak is around 0.16 V, and the oxidation peak is around 0.38 V and 0.56 V. Nyquist plots show a small half circle, indicating that the electrode's solid-electrolyte interphase layer is low. The cycling performance shows a capacity of 1950 mAh/g.

Wood-fiber insulation boards (WFIB) produced with hardwood and softwoods species and polylactic acid (PLA) fibers as a binder

ABSTRACT Wood fiber insulation boards (WFIB) produced with natural binders have been gaining recognition as an eco-friendly material, however there is limited information on the effect of different wood fiber and sustainable binders on WFIB production. This study investigates the impact of density, wood fiber origin, and pertinency of polylactic acid (PLA) as a binder. Flexible WFIB with densities of 80, 100 and 120 kg/m3 were produced by hot-press method with fibers of pine and spruce as softwoods, and beech and birch as hardwoods. Bicomponent fibers, composed by two concentrical layers of polylactic acid (PLA) were utilized as a renewable-origin binder at a proportion of 10%. Technological properties such as short-term water absorption, compression test and thermal tests properties were assessed. The density of the WFIB significantly influences the water absorption, compression strength, and thermal conductivity, with all these values increasing as the density rises. Insulation boards made from hardwood fibers showed greater water absorption and compression values compared than their softwood counterparts. Softwood-WFIB single-samples with a density of 80 kg/m3 reported lower thermal conductivities than hardwoods ones. The present study shows the promising feasibility of producing flexible wood fiber insulation boards from natural fibers and polylactic acid as a renewable binder.

Lithium–sulfur batteries beyond lithium-ion counterparts: reasonable substituting challenges, current research focus, binding critical role, and cathode designing

Abstract Despite concerns regarding safety, economics, and the environment, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considerably utilized on account of their low energy density and capacity. Li–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have become a promising substitute for LIBs. Here, we first compared both systems in their cons and pros and analyzed the leading countries and companies in Li–S research are assessed through the utilization of an academic database. The scope of our research includes performance-enhancing design elements, cathode components, and binder materials. Synthetic and natural binders are trialed in an effort to enhance Li–S performance. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms enables the development of durable cathodes and binders. To overcome obstacles such as polysulfide adsorption, shuttle effect, and ion transport limitations, conducting polymers, metal/metal oxides, carbon-based compounds, MOFs, and Mxenes are investigated as potential cathode materials. In addition to pore characteristics and active polar sites, the efficacy of a battery is influenced by the anode surface geometry and heteroatom doping. Our review indicates that binders and sulfur/host composites must be meticulously chosen for Li–S battery cathode materials. This research advances energy storage technology by establishing the foundation for economically viable lithium–sulfur batteries with superior performance.

Physical and Energy Properties of Fuel Pellets Produced from Sawdust with Potato Pulp Addition

This paper presents the findings of a study of the pelleting process of pine sawdust with the addition of waste in the form of potato pulp (as a natural binder), in the context of producing fuel pellets. The process of pelleting was carried out for sawdust and for a mixture of sawdust and potato pulp (10, 15, 20, and 25%). The highest moisture content was obtained in the case of pellets produced from a mixture of straw with a 25% potato pulp content, i.e., 26.54% (with a potato pulp moisture content of 85.08%). Increasing the potato pulp content in a mixture with sawdust from 10 to 25% reduced the power demand of the pelletizer by approx. 20% (from 7.35 to 5.92 kW). The obtained density values for pellets made from a mixture of sawdust and potato pulp (over 1000 kg∙m−3) with a potato pulp content of 10% make it possible to conclude that the obtained pellets meet the requirements of the ISO 17225-2:2021-11 standard. Increasing the potato pulp content from 0 to 25% caused a slight decrease in the heat of combustion, i.e., from 20.45 to 20.32 MJ∙kg−1, as well as in the calorific value, from 19.02 to 18.83 MJ∙kg−1 (both for dry sawdust matter and the mixture). The results of the laboratory tests were used to verify the densification process of mixtures of sawdust and potato pulp under industrial conditions at the PANBAH plant, using pelleting mixtures with a 5%, 10%, and 25% content of potato pulp. Industrial research also confirmed that the use of the addition of potato pulp in a mixture with sawdust significantly reduces the power demand of the pelletizer, and it also increases the kinetic strength of the obtained pellets.

Energy rod based on the combination of biomasses and biochar with natural rubber binder: Mechanical, thermal, and energy releasing properties

Composite preparation from various biomasses and biochar blended natural rubber (NR) as a binder was produced for proposing an alternative fuel energy rod. Rice straw (RS), sugarcane bagasse (SC), and corncob (CC) were combined with different NR ratios. Properties of the composites, in terms of tensile, impact, and compressive strengths, together with flammability, thermal stability, and heat-releasing analyses from Higher Heating Value (HHV) and Ultimate Analysis (CHN-S), were interpreted. It was found that the increase of NR constituent improves the mechanical properties and HHV. The minimization of NR needs to be designed for the release of carbon monoxide. During the mixing operation with an internal mixer and a two-roll mill, no differences were observed in composites with RS, SC, and CC, and the optimal biomass is 80 phr. After transferring to biochar, the produced composite clarifies the usability of the energy rod using pure NR as the natural binder.

Photoactivatable mRNA 5' Cap Analogs for RNA-Protein Crosslinking.

Chemical modification of messenger RNA (mRNA) has paved the way for advancing mRNA-based therapeutics. The intricate process of mRNA translation in eukaryotes is orchestrated by numerous proteins involved in complex interaction networks. Many of them bind specifically to a unique structure at the mRNA 5'-end, called 5'-cap. Depending on the 5'-terminal sequence and its methylation pattern, different proteins may be involved in the translation initiation and regulation, but a deeper understanding of these mechanisms requires specialized molecular tools to identify natural binders of mRNA 5'-end variants. Here, a series of 8 new synthetic 5'-cap analogs that allow the preparation of RNA molecules with photoreactive tags using a standard in vitro transcription reaction are reported. Two photoreactive tags and four different modification sites are selected to minimize potential interference with cap-protein contacts and to provide complementary properties regarding crosslinking chemistry and molecular interactions. The tailored modification strategy allows for the generation of specific crosslinks with model cap-binding proteins, such as eIF4E and Dcp2. The usefulness of the photoreactive cap analogs is also demonstrated for identifying the cap-binding subunit in a multi-protein complex, which makes them perfect candidates for further development of photoaffinity labeling probes to study more complex mRNA-related processes.

Phage display identification of high-affinity ligands for human TSG101-UEV: A structural and thermodynamic study of PTAP recognition

The ubiquitin E2 variant domain of TSG101 (TSG101-UEV) plays a pivotal role in protein sorting and virus budding by recognizing PTAP motifs within ubiquitinated proteins. Disrupting TSG101-UEV/PTAP interactions has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of novel host-oriented antivirals with a broad spectrum of action. Nonetheless, finding inhibitors with good properties as therapeutic agents remains a challenge since the key determinants of binding affinity and specificity are still poorly understood. Here we present a detailed thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic characterization viral PTAP Late domain recognition by TSG101-UEV, combining isothermal titration calorimetry, X-ray diffraction structural studies, molecular dynamics simulations, and computational analysis of intramolecular communication pathways. Our analysis highlights key contributions from conserved hydrophobic contacts and water-mediated hydrogen bonds at the PTAP binding interface. We have identified additional electrostatic hotspots adjacent to the core motif that modulate affinity. Using competitive phage display screening we have improved affinity by 1–2 orders of magnitude, producing novel peptides with low micromolar affinities that combine critical elements found in the best natural binders. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that optimized peptides engage new pockets on the UEV domain surface. This study provides a comprehensive view of the molecular forces directing TSG101-UEV recognition of PTAP motifs, revealing that binding is governed by conserved structural elements yet tuneable through targeted optimization. These insights open new venues to design inhibitors targeting TSG101-dependent pathways with potential application as novel broad-spectrum antivirals.

Optimizing production conditions of innovative bio-pellets developed from flax straw

The increasing global demand for sustainable energy has prompted the utilization of agricultural residues as viable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. This study specifically focuses on the utilization of flax straw, a substantial by-product in Canadian agriculture, to produce innovative biofuels through the process of pelletization. To enhance the quality of the pellets, lignin extracted from flax straw was introduced as a novel and natural pellet binder. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to analyze effect of various parameters, including flax straw particle size, binder (lignin) content, moisture levels, and pelletization conditions on quality of produced pellets. It was observed that at a compressive force of 4000 N and a die temperature of 95 °C, pellets made from larger flax straw particles (300–355 µm) exhibited a density of 1016 kg/m³ and a mechanical durability of 26.4 %. Subsequently, by reducing the particle size to 75–106 µm, a marked enhancement in both density (1072 kg/m³) and durability (86.1 %, a 2.3-fold increase) was achieved. The incorporation of 10 % lignin into medium-sized flax straw particles (150–212 µm) increased pellet durability by 18.6 % from 73.5 % to 87.2 %. Introducing an optimal moisture content of 14 % to the flax straw resulted in a notable increase in both density (from 1036 to 1154 kg/m³) and durability (from 73.5 % to 90.6 %, a 23.3 % increase). Compressive force and die temperature positively affected pellet quality. Elevating the temperature from 75 to 115 °C in pellets made from 150 to 212 µm flax straw, modified with 10 % lignin and 14 % moisture content, led to a significant improvement in both density (1179 kg/m³) and durability (96.6 %, a 11.9 % increase). Physiochemical characteristics of flax straw, lignin, and the resulting pellets were explored using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. These comprehensive investigations offer valuable insights for optimizing pellet materials and pelletization conditions and promoting the sustainable utilization of agricultural residues for bioenergy production.

INVESTIGATION OF VARIOUS METHODS OF EXTRACTING LIGNIN FROM TREE BARK

This study explores various methods for extracting lignin from tree bark, a significant byproduct of the forestry and paper industries. The research aims to identify efficient and sustainable techniques for lignin extraction, which has potential applications in biopolymers, energy production, and as a natural binder. We evaluated several extraction methods, including solvent extraction, steam explosion, and enzymatic hydrolysis, focusing on yield, purity, and environmental impact. The findings reveal substantial differences in efficacy and sustainability among the methods. Solvent extraction demonstrated high lignin purity but raised environmental concerns. Steam explosion offered a balance between yield and eco-friendliness, while enzymatic hydrolysis emerged as the most sustainable, albeit with lower yields. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on lignin extraction and its potential industrial applications, highlighting the need for further research in optimizing these methods for commercial use. Keywords: lignin, extraction, tree bark, Solvent, Steam explosion, biopolymers.

Linking formulation feedstock to printability by robocasting: A case study of eco-friendly alumina pastes

Robocasting stands as a pertinent additive manufacturing technique for producing intricate ceramic parts. Amidst stricter environmental regulations, the adoption of natural additives becomes imperative. This study investigates the influence of plant-based additives on the rheology and printability of eco-friendly pastes.Various 50 vol%-alumina pastes were formulated using natural binders, plasticizers and dispersants (e.g., lignosulfonate, polysaccharides, glycerol) and then assessed through oscillation and flow rheological analyses. Paste viscosity and rigidity often deviated from printability maps reported in the literature, showing the complexity of defining universal printability criteria. A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the water retention capabilities of additives, liquid phase migration and paste drying kinetics.This paper highlights the critical importance of constraining liquid phase migration within eco-friendly ceramic pastes and the crucial role of polymer chain reorientation under shear. Consequently, this research lays diversifying formulations, offering sustainable solutions for industrial ceramic applications.

Nanofibrils from oil palm trunk: effect of delignification and fibrillation technique

Oil palm trunk (OPT) is an inexpensive, abundantly available by-product of palm oil production which is typically not put to material use. Due to its comparably high cellulose content, OPT represents a suitable raw material for the preparation of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Aiming for full utilization of the raw material and minimized energy demand, non-delignified and partially delignified (alkali-pretreated) OPT was subjected to mechanical fibrillation in the present study. As compared to CNFs from fully delignified OPT, the lignin-rich microfibrils obtained by this approach generally showed higher average fibril diameters, lower thermal stability as well as lower viscosity, and higher sedimentation rate in suspension. However, the combination of alkali-pretreatment and fibrillation by disc-grinding and subsequent high-pressure homogenization resulted in fibrils with properties similar to those of CNFs from fully delignified OPT. As proven by IR-spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and chemical composition analysis, alkali-treated OPT fibrils still contained substantial amounts of residual lignin which could, for instance, act as a natural coupling agent or binder in composite applications. Moreover, the facile delignification process applied herein requires far less chemicals and energy than conventional pulping and is thus beneficial from both the economic and ecological perspective.

Effect of Hot-Pressing Temperature on the Properties of Eco-Friendly Fiberboard Panels Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin.

Lignin is the natural binder in wood and lignocellulosic plants and is regarded as the main natural and renewable source of phenolic compounds. Its incorporation in the composition of fiberboards will enhance both the environmental performance of the panels and the complex use of natural resources. In recent years, the increased valorization of hydrolysis lignin in value-added applications, including adhesives for bonding fiberboard panels, has gained significant research interest. Markedly, a major drawback is the retention of lignin in the pulp until the hot-pressing process. This problem could be overcome by using a small content of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin in the adhesive mixture as an auxiliary binder. The aim of this research work was to investigate and evaluate the effect of the hot-pressing temperature, varied from 150 °C to 200 °C, in a modified hot-press cycle on the main physical and mechanical properties of fiberboard panels bonded with unmodified technical hydrolysis lignin (THL) as the main binder and PF resin as an auxiliary one. It was found that panels with very good mechanical properties can be fabricated even at a hot-pressing temperature of 160 °C, while to provide the panels with satisfactory waterproof properties, it is necessary to have a hot-pressing temperature of at least 190 °C.

Impact of densification process on unprocessed biomass and post-hydrothermal carbonization

The pulp and paper industry use biomass residues, such as paper sludge and bark as fuel to provide energy for their plants. However, issues such as high-water content or low heating value limit the amount of energy that can be utilized. Processes to improve heat generation include biomass densification, which facilitates transportation and handling and can increase energy yield. However, the technical feasibility of briquetting is a function of the feedstock and preprocessing. This study introduces a novel approach to briquette production from biomass residues by utilizing wet biomass with water as a natural binder, contrasting with conventional methods that require forced drying and/or the addition of binders. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of briquetting both unprocessed biomass and post-hydrothermal carbonization. The study focused on manufacturing briquettes derived from different sources, including bark (Balsam fir), paper sludge, and hydrochar of paper sludge. The feedstock was characterized for ash content and higher heating value. Biomass particle size (range), moisture content (range), process temperature (range), process pressure (range), and process residence time (range) were varied in briquetting experiments to determine conditions to produce high-quality briquettes with minimal energy input. Moisture content as high a 50 wt% in feedstock produced technically feasible briquettes, with appropriate physical-mechanical properties (durability, volumetric expansion and apparent density), and energetic potential (calorific value). The addition of heat (pressing temperature of 150 °C) during the pressing process resulted in briquettes with enhanced physical-mechanical, and energetic properties, surpassing those produced at room temperature. Further tests with additional steps in the production process are required to meet commercialization standards in Canada, but the treatments conducted in this study effectively improved the energy potential of biomass for internal industrial energy gains.

Aflatoxin M1 mitigation by novel biological agents and evaluation of bioaccessibility with enzymatic digestion in milk

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a metabolite of AFB1 that is formed in the liver and excreted in the mammary glands of ruminants who fed an AFB1-contaminated feed. This study focused on the AFM1 binding ability of biological agents including lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), chitosan as a biopolymer, and inulin as a prebiotic besides their effects on the AFM1 bioaccessibility in milk. Bioaccessibility refers to the amount of a contaminant in food that can reach the systemic circulation and exert its toxic effects on the body. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion model developed by RIVM for specifically mycotoxins was employed for assessing AFM1 bioaccessibility. Moreover, the colon phase was enzymatically simulated to evaluate the state of bound and unbound AFM1 that passed from the intestine to the colon and excreted from the body. Unbound AFM1 levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The bound AFM1 percentages after incubation varied between 26.7% and 50.9%, and the best binder was found as S. cerevisiae while chitosan showed the lowest binding level. Following in vitro digestion practice, the lowest bioaccessibility after small intestine (29.30 ± 2.29%) digestion was acquired with S. cerevisiae, however; the lowest bioaccessibility after the colon phase (51.55 ± 3.38%) was acquired with L. mesenteroides. On the other hand, L. mesenteroides and chitosan were found more stable binders through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The present results showed that the bound AFM1 levels in food and absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract were affected by natural binders.

A review on tablet binders as a pharmaceutical excipient

The tablet formulation contains binders that increase the inter-particulate bond power inside the tablet. Research and progress of novel accessories remains a priority for potential use as a binder in formulations tablet. Tablet binder or binding agent are the substances that are added either dry or in liquid form during wet granulation to form granules or to promote cohesive compacts for directly compressed tablets. E.g., starch, pregelatinized starch, PEG, sorbitol, and HPMC, etc. Tablet Binder and disintegrants have the opposite used in an oral solid formulation. Binder delay tablet disintegration while disintegrant increase tablet disintegration. They play a vital role in making sure pellets or granules and tablets remain in shape until they reach their target by holding all ingredients (API and Excipients) together in any solid dosage form. Selecting the correct binder is critical to maintaining the integrity of the tablet. Natural binders such as various starches, Gums, mucus and dried fruits, among other things, have the ability to bind. Features such as Natural polymers, fillers, and disintegrants are also safe more economical than synthetic polymers.

Disposal of pine wood waste by pelleting with sulphate soap binder

AbstractPromising method for disposal the pine wood waste through extrusion pelleting using sulphate soap as a natural binder is considered in the article. Prior to pelleting, the wood waste requires drying to a water content of no more than 10%. Analysis of pine wood waste drying in filtration mode yielded optimal parameters: a 20 mm layer thickness, temperature of 135 °C, and drying time of 3,900 s. The optimal content of sulphate soap binder was determined to be about 20%, resulting in reduced coke residue, increased volatile components, higher calorific value, and enhanced static strength. This binder facilitates formation of pellets at lower pressures, increases calorific value, and acts as a lubricant, reducing friction and associated energy costs.

Investigation of mechanical behavior of sustainable construction materials: Recycled glass sand stabilized with natural binder material — Biopolymers

Presented in this paper is a study on the biopolymer treated recycled glass sand (BRGS). The effect of curing period, temperature, initial mixing moisture content and biopolymer concentration on mechanical behaviors of BRGS were examined through unconfined compaction strength (UCS), consolidated and drained triaxial test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results revealed that biopolymer had a significant improvement on the soil stability. The mixing moisture content, biopolymer concentration and curing condition had a strong influence on soil strength. The strength of BRGS increased with dehydration, while further addition of biopolymer concentration may result in a decrease in strength. It was found that different types of biopolymers had their own preferences for curing conditions. The strength of agar treated RGS (thermal induced biopolymer) cured at 105 ℃ for 30 days was six times stronger than that cured at room temperature, while the optimal curing temperature of alginate treated RGS (ionic gelation biopolymer) was 50 ℃. The BRGS presented a slight decrease in friction angle but a significant increase in cohesion. The SEM image showing biopolymer uniformly wrapped RGS particles.

Covalent immobilization of human serum albumin on cellulose acetate membrane for scavenging amyloid beta – A stepping extracorporeal strategy for ameliorating Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by interrupted neurocognitive functions and impaired mental development presumably caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the form of plaques. Targeting Aβ has been considered a promising approach for treating AD. In the current study, human serum albumin (HSA), a natural Aβ binder, is covalently immobilized onto the surface of a cellulose acetate (CA) membrane to devise an extracorporeal Aβ sequester. The immobilization of HSA at 3.06 ± 0.22 μg/mm2 of the CA membrane was found to be active functionally, as evidenced by the esterase-like activity converting p-nitrophenyl acetate into p-nitrophenol. The green fluorescent protein–Aβ (GFP–Aβ) fusion protein, recombinantly produced as a model ligand, exhibited characteristics of native Aβ. These features include the propensity to form aggregates or fibrils and an affinity for HSA with a dissociation constant (KD) of 0.91 μM. The HSA on the CA membrane showed concentration-dependent sequestration of GFP–Aβ in the 1–10-μM range. Moreover, it had a greater binding capacity than HSA immobilized on a commercial amine-binding plate. Results suggest that the covalent immobilization of HSA on the CA surface can be used as a potential platform for sequestering Aβ to alleviate AD.

Natural okra gum as functional binder enables highly stable Lithium–Selenium batteries

Lithium–selenium (Li–Se) batteries are garnered significant attention due to their high theoretical specific capacity, high volumetric energy density and moderate output voltage. Nevertheless, Li–Se batteries are still restricted by severe volume expansion and “shuttle effect” of polyselenides, resulting in deteriorated electrochemical performance. Binders are a crucial component of Li–Se batteries, playing a key role in addressing the mentioned issues. Herein, a non-toxic, bio-friendly, hydro-soluble binder of okra gum (OG) extracted from okra pods is proposed to ameliorate the electrochemical performance of Li–Se batteries. The as-prepared OG binders are rich in branched-chain polysaccharides (glucoside) and polar functional groups (–C–O–C–, –COOH), which not only have a good interpenetrating binding network to ensure the mechanical stability of Se cathode, but also have excellent interfacial chemical binding force for immobilizing polyselenides. Consequently, the OG binder endows Li–Se batteries with high initial discharge capacity (607 mA h g−1 at 0.2C), good cycling stability (218 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2C), and remarkable rate performance (364 mA h g−1 at 1C), all of which are superior to Li–Se batteries with PVDF binder. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of natural mucilage as functional binder for Li–Se batteries and paves a research path in developing natural plant-based binders to stabilize electrode materials for reliable high-energy batteries.

Experimental Study on the Behavior of One Part Geopolymer Concrete Using Natural Binders and Activators

The cement industry is one of the primary factors contributing to the process of global warming with a large carbon footprint. Approximately 8% of global CO2 emissions are attributed to cement. The development of cement substitute materials has advanced with the discovery of geopolymer concrete. The conventional geopolymers are two part mixes made up of an activator-containing liquid phase and an aluminum-silicate material-containing solid phase. Among the many benefits of geopolymers are their increased environmental friendliness, better workability, greater compressive strength, increased resistance to sulfate and acids, increased temperature resistance, and decreased drying shrinkage and creep. However, geopolymerization is a difficult procedure. Furthermore, there are still certain drawbacks to geopolymer concrete, such as the fact that alkaline solutions are difficult to handle and apply because they are viscous, corrosive, difficult to transport, as well as challenging to store in huge quantities. As a result, the creation of one-part geopolymer concrete gained more advantages over the traditional two part geopolymer. Solid aluminosilicate and solid alkali activator combine to form one part geopolymer concrete. The creation of one-part geopolymer concrete with natural binders is the primary goal of this research. It should be highlighted that GGBS based geopolymer concrete is challenging to make and has poor workability. As a result, various proportions of GGBS and silica fume are utilized as binders in this experiment. Powdered NaOH is utilized as alkaline activator. The mechanical properties are established by conducting necessary experiments for finding the best concrete mixture for this present work.The concrete mix with 80%, GGBS, 10% silica fume and 10% NaOH exhibits the expected quality of fresh properties and mechanical characteristics.