Basic Nature Research Articles

Measuring Sub-Kelvin Variations in Stellar Temperature with High-resolution Spectroscopy

The detection of stellar variability often relies on the measurement of selected activity indicators, such as coronal emission lines and nonthermal emissions. On the flip side, the effective stellar temperature is normally seen as one of the key fundamental parameters (with mass and radius) to understanding the basic physical nature of a star and its relation with its environment (e.g., planetary instellation). We present a novel approach for measuring disk-averaged temperature variations to sub-Kelvin accuracy inspired by algorithms developed for precision radial velocity (pRV). This framework uses the entire content of the spectrum, not just preidentified lines, and can be applied to existing data obtained with high-resolution spectrographs. We demonstrate the framework by recovering the known rotation periods and temperature modulation of Barnard star and AU Mic in data sets obtained in the infrared with SPIRou at CHFT and at optical wavelengths on ϵ Eridani with HARPS at ESO 3.6 m telescope. We use observations of the transiting hot Jupiter HD189733b, obtained with SPIRou, to show that this method can unveil the minute temperature variation signature expected during the transit event, an effect analogous to the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect but in temperature space. This method is a powerful new tool for characterizing stellar activity, and in particular temperature and magnetic features at the surfaces of cool stars, affecting both pRV and transit spectroscopic observations. We demonstrate this method in the context of high-resolution spectroscopy but it could be used at lower resolution.

Superior Photostability of the Unnatural Base 6-Amino-5-nitropyridin-2-ol: A Case Study Using Ultrafast Broadband Fluorescence, Transient Absorption, and Theoretical Computation.

6-Amino-5-nitropyridin-2-ol (Z), a nitroaromatic compound and a base for Hachimoji nucleic acids, holds significant potential in expanding the genetic alphabet, as well as in synthetic biology and biotechnology. Despite its promising applications, the spectral characterization and photoinduced properties of Z have remained largely unexplored until now. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into its excited state dynamics in various solvents, utilizing state-of-the-art ultrafast broadband time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, complemented by computational methods. The acquired results provide direct experimental evidence that, upon photoexcitation, Z emits prompt fluorescence from a nearly planar structure in its excited state, independent of solvent properties. This state deactivates nonradiatively within sub-picoseconds through internal conversion with a unitary yield, primarily mediated by the rotation of the nitro group. This unusually rapid deactivation pathway entirely excludes the involvement of long-lived nπ* states, triplet states, and photoproducts, which are commonly observed in most nitroaromatic compounds and natural DNA and RNA bases. Our findings underscore that Z, as an unnatural base, exhibits superior photostability compared to canonical natural bases. This provides valuable insights into the photodynamics of nitroaromatic compounds, which is beneficial for strategic substitution design in environmental and biological applications.

Petrification in Contemporary Set Theory: The Multiverse and the Later Wittgenstein

Abstract This paper has two aims. First, we argue that Wittgenstein’s notion of petrification can be used to explain phenomena in advanced mathematics, sometimes better than more popular views on mathematics, such as formalism, even though petrification usually suffers from a diet of examples of a very basic nature (in particular a focus on addition of small numbers). Second, we analyse current disagreements on the absolute undecidability of CH under the notion of petrification and hinge epistemology. We argue that in contemporary set theory the usage of construction techniques for set-theoretic models in which the Continuum Hypothesis holds and those in which it fails have petrified into the normative demand that CH remain undecidable. That is, the continuous and successful practices involving the construction of various set-theoretic models now act as a normative hinge shared among practitioners, i.e., have normative force in the discipline. However, not all hinges are universal, which is why we find disagreements in set theory. We will show that this is a refinement of, and partially conflicts with, the arguments presented by set theorist Joel David Hamkins.

Design and computational analysis of a novel Azurin-BR2 chimeric protein against breast cancer.

Cancer is one of most lethal diseases worldwide. Chemotherapeutics and surgeries are among the treatment facilities available for curing cancer. However due to their negative impact on normal cells and drug resistance development, new treatment strategies have yet to be developed. Some microbial products exhibit therapeutic potential for treating cancer. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurins have shown anticancer effects against breast cancer without affecting normal cells. To enhance its cytotoxic effect and targeted delivery, we fused Azurin with a cell-penetrating peptide (BR2) through a rigid linker and evaluated its anticancer potential via in silico analysis. The prediction of the secondary and the tertiary structures and analysis of physiochemical properties of chimeric proteins were computationally performed. The Azurin-BR2 chimeric protein has a basic nature with a molecular weight of 16.8kDa. The quality indices and validation of chimeric proteins were performed with ERRAT2 and Ramachandran plot values, respectively. The quality index of the chimeric protein was predicted to be 81% to 84.6%, and residues residing in the most favoured region were identified. The HDOCK bioinformatics tool was used for docking a chimeric protein with a cancer suppressor protein p53. The results of the current study support that an Azurin-BR2 fusion protein has a high binding affinity for p53 can induce apoptosis in cancerous cells, and can be used in tumor-targeting therapy.

Ayurveda management of Visarpa (Herpes zoster) - A Case Study

Skin is the largest organ of the body which acts as a first line of defence in providing resistance to the body. The aggravation of various Dhatus and Doshas result in skin diseases. Visarpa is an acute condition with a quick spreading involving mainly skin, blood, lymph and muscle tissue due to vitiation of all three Doshas. As the basic nature of the disease is Rakta and Pitta predominant, management is focused on Shodhana, Rakthamokshana, Langhana, Shamana, Lepa Chikitsa. This case study is an attempt to evaluate the role of Ayurvedic management in Visarpa. A 50 year-male presented with vesicular lesions on his chest, below the left axillary region and back associated with mild itching, burning sensation and pain. He was approached with Shodhana and Shamana therapies which showed significant improvement in the condition.

AS DIFICULDADES DA EFETIVA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO JUIZ DE GARANTIAS NO JUDICIÁRIO BRASILEIRO

The Law 13.964, of December 24, 2019, known as the Anti-Crime Package, introduced into the current Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure the institution called the judge of guarantees, aiming to provide greater impartiality in judgment throughout all phases of criminal prosecution, as there will be one judge for the inquisitorial phase (police/investigation) and another judge for the procedural phase, thus improving the accusatory system in the legal framework. This institution gained special prominence after the judgment by the Supreme Federal Court (STF) of the four Direct Actions of Unconstitutionality (ADIs 6298, 6299, 6300, and 6305). From these rulings, it was defined what is constitutional and what is unconstitutional in Law No. 13.964/2019, as well as being considered a mandatory rule establishing a deadline for the implementation and operation of the judge of guarantees throughout the country. The issue to be analyzed will be whether the Brazilian legal system is prepared for the implementation of the judge of guarantees? The general objective will be to understand the structural, budgetary, and staffing difficulties, as well as the legislative competence dialectic regarding the implementation of the judge of guarantees in the Brazilian judicial system, for its effective implementation within the deadline established by the Supreme Federal Court. The specific objectives are to assess the obstacles and difficulties in the physical structures of courts and judicial divisions, point out budgetary difficulties, and the challenges related to the number of court and division staff. The methodology will follow the deductive method, using bibliographic research, with an exploratory objective, qualitative approach, basic nature, and systematic literature review, encompassing academic articles, books, and legal documents.

A Novel Method for Combination of Ionic Conductivity and pH-metry Methods for the Determination of the Aqueous Solubility of a New Diisopropylammonium Hydrogenmaleate Crystalline Molecule

Dissociation constant, solubility, and thermodynamic data are very important physicochemical parameters for biological substances and their knowledge is of fundamental importance for the validation of drugs. In addition to their low cost and accessibility, Conductometric and pH-metric methods seem to be particularly suitable for the determination of these parameters given the often weak acidic or basic nature of drugs. These parameters were determined for a new synthesized diisopropylammonium hydrogenmaleate (iPr2NH2-MA) crystalline molecule. Conductometric and pH-metric methods were used for this characterization. The pH-metric method lead to pKa1 = 3.6, pKa2 = 6.7 and pKa3 = 7.5, while the conductometric method made it possible to determine two pKa values which are pKa1 = 3.5 and pKa3 = 7.8. The values of the thermodynamic parameters calculated for the enthalpy change (∆rH0) and the entropy change (∆S) of the iPr2NH2-MA acidic dissociation reaction are of the order of ∆H = 25. 36 ± 0.06 kJ.mol-1 and ∆S = 6.08 ± 0.18 kJ.mol-1.K-1. In addition, the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of the molecule decreased as a function of temperature. The solubility varied between 1 and 84 mg mL-1 for pH values comprised between 3.5 and 8.5 and reached its maximum Smax = 84 mg mL-1 at pH 5.6. The dissociation process was found to be is non-spontaneous, endothermic and entropically favorable. These results demonstrated on the one hand the reliability and effectiveness of the Conductometric and pH-metric methods for the characterization of molecules with acidic and/or basic sites, and on the other hand the excellent physical and chemical properties of diisopropylammonium hydrogenmaleate (iPr2NH2-MA) crystalline molecule.

Formation and Applications of Typical Basic Protein-Based Heteroprotein Complex Coacervations.

Lactoferrin, lysozyme, and gelatin are three common basic proteins known for their ability to interact with acidic proteins (lactoglobulin, ovalbumin, casein, etc.) and form various supramolecular structures. Their basic nature makes them highly promising for interaction with other acidic proteins to form heteroprotein complex coacervation (HPCC) with a wide range of applications. This review extensively examines the structure, properties, and preparation methods of these basic proteins and delves into the internal and external factors influencing the formation of HPCC, including pH, ionic strength, mixing ratio, total protein concentration, temperature, and inherent protein properties. The applications of different HPCCs based on these three basic proteins are discussed, including the encapsulation of bioactive molecules, emulsion stabilization, protein separation and extraction, nanogel formation, and the development of formulas for infants. Furthermore, the challenges and issues that are encountered in the formation of heteroprotein complexes are addressed and summarized, shedding light on the complexities and considerations involved in utilizing HPCC technology in practical applications. By harnessing the basic proteins to interact with other proteins and to form complex coacervates, new opportunities arise for the development of functional food products with enhanced nutritional profiles and functional attributes.

„Rozumný“ prístup k jazykovej kultúre

The content of the paper is based on reactions that are stimulated by Alexandr Stich’s ideas in his study on the concept of language culture and its content. In his statements there is a hidden conviction about the need for a “reasonable” approach to language culture. Although the attribute reasonable in this context is questionable, the paper discusses the possibility of determining such an approach. The author’s conception is based on the conviction that the natural meaning of our behaviour and actions consists in cultivating a way of life that corresponds to our humanizing determination in the evolutionary process. From this follows the thesis that a reasonable way of human life is governed by the authority of its natural basis. This also applies to the way of cultivating the language. Language users show this by tending to linguistic behaviour that corresponds to the nature of their native language. If the democratization of a literary language has reached such a degree that its users accept it as a mother tongue, it is reasonable to cultivate it in accordance with its natural basis. The task of linguistic theory is to analyze this basis and draw “reasonable” conclusions for the approach to literary language cultivation. The attribute “reasonable” means that this approach is generally accepted in a community that is guided by the principle of rationality alone.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Video Avatar Berbasis Artificial Intellegence (AI) bagi Peserta Didik Tingkat Pendidikan Dasar

This article reviews the development of artificial intelligence-based avatar video learning media products for elementary-level students. Researchers used the ADDIE R & D model method to develop the media product in its implementation. By the flow of the ADDIE model itself, researchers go through several stages such as analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This research study shows that the use of products resulting from the development of artificial intelligence-based avatar video media is very suitable for elementary-level students. This is proven by the fact that the product has accommodated the two learning styles, namely auditory and visual so that with the basic nature of students who tend to imagine and are easily interested in concrete things, students become enthusiastic in learning activities.

Geological hazards when justifying the regulations of urban development

Relevance. Territorial planning of cities determines the reduction or prevention of possible or existing losses of the population, economic facilities and the environment from technoprirodnye hazards of different genesis. The effectiveness of planning regulations for urban development depends on the degree of validity of identification and forecasts of the occurrence and evolution of hazardous natural and technogenic processes in time and space. This, in its turn, is determined by the reliability of our ideas about the patterns of their formation and regional distribution. Aim. To identify geological hazards and propose the main engineering and geological constraints in urban planning on the example of Gomel. Objects. Natural and technical system "geological environment – technogenic impacts – hazardous natural and technoprirodnye processes". Methods. Systematic approach to the analysis of patterns of formation of hazardous natural and technoprirodic processes in the city; numerical modeling of geofiltration and geomigration processes based on the geofiltration model "GOMEL". Results. The most characteristic dangerous natural and technoprirodnye processes have been established on the example of the city of Gomel. Priority areas for the introduction of planning restrictions: tectonic situation; man-made flooding, were identified. Soil conditions are considered separately as one of the factors effecting the precipitation of natural and artificial bases under the influence of loads from civil and industrial buildings and structures. The authors have revealed the presence of disjunctive, as well as plicative in the form of flexures, age-varying and multi-scale dislocations forming the block structure of the upper part of the earth's crust of the city. It is shown that from the point of view of the stability of engineering structures, the absolute values of the velocities of long-period unidirectional block displacements are dangerous during long-term operation of structures located in interblock active zones. At the same time, short-period multidirectional movements in the active geodynamic zones of the articulation of blocks cause a change in the slope and bending of the foundations of structures. The paper introduces the engineering-geological features of the most common surface deposits: the terrigenous gray-colored formation of the Paleogene; glacial, periglacial and extraglacial formations of anthropogenic origin and their facies-genetic complexes. The authors identified the potential natural and technological hazards associated with the marked deposits. The paper demonstrates the causes and mechanisms of the formation of technogenic flooding of the city, as well as the genesis of the decrease in the deformation properties of moraine sandy loam with a technogenic increase in humidity. It is concluded that when establishing land use regulations for a city, as a rule, general measures cannot be taken, both for its entire territory and for certain stages of construction activity. The paper introduces the corresponding restrictions on the use of subsoil.

ADSORPTION OF TEXTILE DYE ACID GREEN 42 (AG42) ON ACTIVATED CARBON FROM CHICKEN EGGSHELLS (CAC30)

The present work is a contribution to the valorization of chicken eggshells, an abundant waste product in Cote dIvoire, as a credible alternative to commercial activated carbon.Chemicalactivation of the precursorwascarriedoutwith30%phosphoricacidfor24h of contactin a ratio of 200 g of material to 100 mL of acid, and calcined at 600°C for 1h. The surface of the activated carbon obtained was studied using the BET (Brunauer-Emmett and Teller) method, which consists in establishing the adsorption isotherm for nitrogen N2. The results reveal a specific surface area of 5.42 m2.g-1, 65.68% of micropores and a pHzc of 7.40. Chemical characteristics determined by Boehms method indicate the basic nature of the surface. The elemental composition is dominated by oxygen(50.53%),calcium(30.78%)andcarbon(11.33%).The experiments demonstrated that the removalof AG42by adsorption on CAC30 is influenced by contact time, activated carbon mass, solution pH, and initial concentration and temperature of the dye aqueous solution. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model and the isotherm is described by the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study revealed the spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and exothermic (ΔH < 0) nature of dye adsorption, with a well-organized distribution of dye molecules at the adsorption sites (∆S°< 0).

Ecological-economic assessment of environmental quality as a natural basis for territorial sustainable development: conceptual-categorical analysis

In the context of growing global problems of resource using and environmental protection the development of a sustainable environmental-economic development strategy, including at the territorial level is becoming increasingly actual. The purpose of the research is conceptual-categorical analysis of ecological-economic assessment of environmental quality as a natural basis for territorial systems of different levels sustainable development, elaboration and justification of the conceptual assessment model and methods of its implementation. Methodological issues focus on how to comprehensively assess the environmental quality of the territory and how this assessment can be taken into account in the formation of a strategy for environmentally sustainable development of spatial-economic systems. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the consolidation of the theories of territorial development sustainability and environmental quality environmental-economic assessment in the conceptual model, as well as in the substantiation of tools for quantitative measurement of environmental quality, increasing the accuracy and reliability of the obtained environmental-economic assessments. The significance of the research results lies in providing decision-makers with comprehensive information on the long-term consequences of environmental-economic decisions and facilitating the transition to environmentally sustainable economic development of territories. This information can be obtained as a result of systematic application of multi-dimensional environmental-economic assessment tools that take into account not only the full socio-economic value of natural environmental resources, but also the spatial characteristics of territories.

Comparative Evaluation of Herbal Lip Balms Formulated Using Various Natural Bases

TThe demand for natural cosmetics, including lip balms, has increased in recent years. Studies on the physicochemical characteristics of the designed lip balms are scarce, though. As a result, this comparative study aims to develop lip balms with carrot root extract as a coloring pigment using various natural bases and test the physicochemical characteristics of developed lip balms in order to prepare the best formulation. Four distinct softening agents (White soft paraffin, mango butter, avocado butter, and kokum butter) and two distinct hardening agents (Candelilla wax bees wax) were combined in varying amounts to prepare eight different lip balm formulations. The formulations were subjected to various physicochemical evaluation studies such as melting point, breaking point, spreadability, water resistance and organoleptic evaluation like color and texture. According to this study, carrot root extract may be used as a natural coloring agent in lip balm formulations because of its antioxidant properties. The results showed that the four formulations with mango butter:bees wax (1.5:1), white soft paraffin:Candelilla wax(2:1), Mango butter:Candelilla wax(2:1) and Kokum butter: Candelilla wax(2.5:1) were the best when compared to standard. The research study’s findings suggested that in the future, candelilla wax and mango butter can be effective alternatives for others as hardening and softening agents, respectively.

The Nature of Structural Defects in ZIF-8 Revealed with 1H and 31P MAS NMR and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy.

The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) attract interest as potential catalysts whose catalytic properties are driven by defects. Several methods have been proposed for the defects-inducing synthesis of MOFs. However, the active species formed on the defective sites remain elusive and uncharacterized, as the spectroscopic fingerprints of these species are hidden by the regular structure signals. In this work, we have performed the synthesis of ZIF-8 MOF with defect-inducing procedures using fully deuterated 2-methylimidazolate ligands to enhance the defective sites' visibility. By combining 1H and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we have found evidence for the presence of different structural hydroxyl Zn-OH groups in the ZIF-8 materials. It is demonstrated that the ZIF-8 defect sites are represented by Zn-OH hydroxyl groups with the signals at 0.3 and -0.7 ppm in the 1H MAS NMR spectrum. These species are of basic nature and may be responsible for the catalytic activity of the ZIF-8 material.

The nature of structural defects in ZIF‐8 revealed with 1H and 31P MAS NMR and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy

The metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) attract interest as potential catalysts whose catalytic properties are driven by defects. Several methods have been proposed for the defects‐inducing synthesis of MOFs. However, the active species formed on the defective sites remain elusive and uncharacterized, as the spectroscopic fingerprints of these species are hidden by the regular structure signals. In this work, we have performed the synthesis of ZIF‐8 MOF with defect‐inducing procedures using fully deuterated 2‐methylimidazolate ligands to enhance the defective sites' visibility. By combining 1H and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, we have found evidence for the presence of different structural hydroxyl Zn–OH groups in the ZIF‐8 materials. It is demonstrated that the ZIF‐8 defect sites are represented by Zn–OH hydroxyl groups with the signals at 0.3 and –0.7 ppm in 1H MAS NMR spectrum. These species are of basic nature and may be responsible for the catalytic activity of the ZIF‐8 material.

Creative Music Olah Ulah | Tabuh Kreasi Olah Ulahh”

Tabuh Kreasi "Olah Ulah" is a musical composition inspired by the concept of tri guna, three basic human natures: animals, rajas, and tamas that are different from each other. Satwam is calm, honest, kind and wise. Rajas' nature is arrogant and haughty, while Tamas's nature is lazy and greedy. The three basic properties are interrelated and cannot be separated from each other. The concept is poured through the media revealed Gamelan Semara Dhana, a new Gamelan barungan in the karawitan of Bali. The method of creation used refers to the book "Panca Sthiti Ngawi Sani" by I Wayan Dibia. In this book, five stages are mentioned, namely the Inspiration Stage (Ngawirasa), the Exploration Stage (Ngewacak), the Conception Stage (Ngerencana), the Execution Stage (Ngewangun), and Ngebah. The form and structure of the work "Olah Ulah" is based on the concept of triangga that is pengawit, pengawak, pengecet. Pengawit describes the nature of sattwam: wise, honest, and calm. Pengawak describes the nature of rajas and tamas: arrogant, haughty and lazy. Pengecet describe the neutralization of these three properties so that balance is a sattwam trait.

Achieving Record C2H2 Packing Density for Highly Efficient C2H2/C2H4 Separation with a Metal–Organic Framework Prepared by a Scalable Synthesis in Water

AbstractAdsorptive C2H2/C2H4 separation using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as a promising technology for the removal of C2H2 (acetylene) impurity (1 %) from C2H4 (ethylene). The practical application of these materials involves the optimization of separation performance as well as development of scalable and green production protocols. Herein, we report the efficient C2H2/C2H4 separation in a MOF, Cu(OH)INA (INA: isonicotinate) which achieves a record C2H2 packing density of 351 mg cm−3 at 0.01 bar through high affinity towards C2H2. DFT (density functional theory) calculations reveal the synergistic binding mechanism through pore confinement and the oxygen sites in pore wall. The weakly basic nature of binding sites leads to a relatively low heat of adsorption (Qst) of approximately 36 kJ/mol, which is beneficial for material regeneration and thermal management. Furthermore, a scalable and environmentally friendly synthesis protocol with a high space‐time yield of 544 kg m−3 day−1 has been developed without using any modulating agents. This material also demonstrates enduring separation performance for multiple cycles, maintaining its efficacy after exposure to water or air for three months.

Achieving Record C2H2 Packing Density for Highly Efficient C2H2/C2H4 Separation with a Metal-Organic Framework Prepared by a Scalable Synthesis in Water.

Adsorptive C2H2/C2H4 separation using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as a promising technology for the removal of C2H2 (acetylene) impurity (1%) from C2H4 (ethylene). The practical application of these materials involves the optimization of separation performance as well as development of scalable and green production protocols.Herein, we report the efficient C2H2/C2H4 separation in a MOF, Cu(OH)INA (INA: isonicotinate) which achieves a record C2H2 packing density of 351 mg cm-3 at 0.01 bar through high affinity towards C2H2. DFT (density functional theory) calculations reveal the synergistic binding mechanism through pore confinement and the oxygen sites in pore wall.The weakly basic nature of binding sites leads to a relatively low heat of adsorption (Qst) of approximately 36 kJ/mol, which is beneficial for material regeneration and thermal management. Furthermore, a scalable and environmentally friendly synthesis protocol with a high space-time yield of 544 kg m-3 day-1 has been developed without using any modulating agents. This material also demonstrates enduring separation performance for multiple cycles, maintaining its efficacy after exposure to water or air for three months.

Oxidative Status of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Stallions of Different Ages

Background: The aging process causes changes in the structure and functioning of body systems, including the immune system. The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of young (3-5 years old), full-aged (6-15 years old) and older stallions (16-25 years old). Methods: The level of protein carbonyl derivatives, low and medium molecular weight substances, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, g-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase were studied in PBMCs of 31 stallions of Arabian breed. Result: An increase in the total content of carbonyl derivatives was revealed in the group of older stallions compared with young (p=0.0030) and full-aged stallions (p=0.0030) due to an increase in the content most of all carbonyl derivatives of a neutral and basic nature. An increase in the level of low and medium molecular weight substances was recorded in the group of older animals compared with young (p=0.0089) and full-aged stallions (p=0.0102). A decrease in g-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was observed in young stallions compared with full-aged (p=0.0026) and older stallions (p=0.0006). The data obtained indicate a violation of the redox balance in aged stallions‘ PBMCs.