Natural Affinity Research Articles

Plasma Functionalization for Enhanced Natural Dye Affinity on Bioplastics: A Novel Approach

ABSTRACTBioplastics offer biodegradability and reduced environmental impact but often use nondegradable synthetic dyes. This study introduces a novel application of glow discharge plasma (GDP) technology to modify cassava starch‐based bioplastic sheets, specifically optimizing conditions to enhance their hydrophilicity and adhesion for natural dyes. This research systematically tailors plasma treatment parameters to maximize the interaction between bioplastics and eco‐friendly natural dyes. Optimal conditions, identified as 30 W for 3 min using oxygen, air, and nitrogen plasma treatments, demonstrate significant advancement in sustainable material development. Analyses (ATR‐FTIR, EDX, XPS) showed increased concentration of polar functional groups and oxygen content, with FE‐SEM and water contact angle measurements revealing improved surface roughness and wettability, respectively. Oxygen plasma treatment yielded the highest hydrophilicity and crystallinity of the polymer. Tensile tests indicated increased strength and decreased elongation. UV‐Vis spectroscopy confirmed enhanced dye retention and reduced leaching. This study demonstrates GDP's potential to incorporate eco‐friendly natural dyes into bioplastics, thereby contributing to the development of more sustainable materials.

MVSF-AB: Accurate antibody-antigen binding affinity prediction via multi-view sequence feature learning.

Predicting the binding affinity between antigens and antibodies accurately is crucial for assessing therapeutic antibody effectiveness and enhancing antibody engineering and vaccine design. Traditional machine learning methods have been widely used for this purpose, relying on interfacial amino acids' structural information. Nevertheless, due to technological limitations and high costs of acquiring structural data, the structures of most antigens and antibodies are unknown, and sequence-based methods have gained attention. Existing sequence-based approaches designed for protein-protein affinity prediction exhibit a significant drop in performance when applied directly to antibody-antigen affinity prediction due to imbalanced training data and lacking design in the model framework specifically for antibody-antigen, hindering the learning of key features of antibodies and antigens. Therefore, we propose MVSF-AB, a Multi-View Sequence Feature learning for accurate Antibody-antigen Binding affinity prediction. MVSF-AB designs a multi-view method that fuses semantic features and residue features to fully utilize the sequence information of antibody-antigen and predicts the binding affinity. Experimental results demonstrate that MVSF-AB outperforms existing approaches in predicting unobserved natural antibody-antigen affinity and maintains its effectiveness when faced with mutant strains of antibodies. Datasets we used and source code are available on our public GitHub repository https://github.com/TAI-Medical-Lab/MVSF-AB.

Corn-derived Expansin synergistically promotes enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cob

The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose is hindered by challenges such as high enzyme usage and associated costs. It is essential to explore effective approaches to improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis while reducing costs. Expansins are non-enzymatic proteins that can interact with lignocellulose and facilitate the loosening of plant cell walls. Given their natural affinity to plant cell walls, we hypothesized that a corn Expansin could enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn lignocellulose. In this study, we expressed a corn (Zea mays) Expansin, EXPA17, in yeast cells and explored the synergistic effect between EXPA17 and commercial cellulase, and found that EXPA17 exhibited a pronounced synergistic effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cobs. The addition of 0.015 mg/mL EXPA17 resulted in a 14.00 % increase in glucose yield. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that EXPA17 proteins disrupted hydrogen bonds in the amorphous regions of corn cobs, leading to a more porous and looser structure, thereby enhancing cellulose accessibility. Our work leveraged the synergistic effect between Expansin and lignocellulose from the same source of corn, providing a novel strategy to improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of corn lignocellulose while potentially reducing the associated costs.

Unearthing Shan–shui in the contemporary park: landscape preferences are influenced by archetype

ABSTRACT Archetypes, having both unique metaphysical and neurological underpinnings, are instrumental in forming the human experience of the external world. China, in particular, has demonstrated a rich historical tradition of cultivating and perpetuating Shan–shui aesthetics. Due to the inseparability of Shan–shui archetypes and Shan–shui landscapes, this research proposes that the Chinese population’s preference for such landscapes can be attributed to two factors. First, there is an innate biological affinity for nature to humans. Second, cultural influences establish a subconscious emotional connection to these landscapes. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to analyze the contemporary Shan–shui landscapes in the Olympic Forest Park (artificial Shan–shui) and Yuji Island Park (natural Shan–shui). By examining questionnaires in line with biological and cultural principles, the statistical analysis results substantiate a strong preference for the Shan–shui landscape. Through correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression, and factor analysis, it is demonstrated that, beyond satisfying biological selections, the Shan–shui landscape evokes emotional resonance due to its cultural proximity to the ideal environment shaped by the Shan–shui archetype. Therefore, this study posits that landscape preferences are significantly influenced by the archetype.

Digital Developmental Advising Systems for Engineering Students Based on Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology Student Outcome Evaluations

The purpose of this research is to examine the benefits and limitations of the implementation of novel digital academic advising systems based on the principles of authentic outcome-based education (OBE) using automated collection and reporting processes for Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) student outcomes data for effective developmental advising. We examine digital developmental advising models of undergraduate engineering programs in two universities that employ customized features of the web-based software EvalTools®, including an advising module based on assessment methodology incorporating the faculty course assessment report, performance indicators, and hybrid rubrics classified according to the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains of Bloom’s learning model. A case study approach over a six-year period is adopted for this research. The two case studies present results of samples of developmental advising activity employing sequential explanatory mixed methods models using a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of a) detailed students’ outcomes and performance indicator information and b) self-evaluation of their professional development and lifelong learning skills. The findings of this study show that digital advising systems employing the faculty course assessment report using performance indicators and hybrid rubrics can provide comprehensive and realistic outcome data to help both developmental advisors and students easily identify the specific cause of performance failures, implement practical recommendations for remedial actions, and track improvements. Inherent strong skills can also be identified in academically weak students by observing patterns or trends of relatively better-performing outcomes to reinforce their natural affinity for learning specialized competencies to help them pursue related and successful career paths.

Influence of Cross-Linkers on the Wash Resistance of Chitosan-Functionalized Polyester Fabrics.

This study investigates the wash resistance of polyester fabrics functionalized with chitosan, a biopolymer known for its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability and environmentally friendly properties. The interaction of chitosan with synthetic polymers, such as polyester, often requires surface treatment due to the weak natural affinity between the two materials. To improve the interaction and stability of chitosan on polyester, alkaline hydrolysis of the polyester fabric was used as a surface treatment method. The effectiveness of using cross-linking agents 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in combination with ammonium persulphate (APS) to improve the stability of chitosan on polyester during washing was investigated. The wash resistance of polyester fabrics functionalized with chitosan was tested after 1, 5 and 10 washes with a standard ECE detergent. Staining tests were carried out to evaluate the retention of chitosan on the fabric. The results showed that polyester fabrics functionalized with chitosan without cross-linkers exhibited better wash resistance than the fabrics treated with crosslinkers.

Exploring the interplay between adult sustainability attitudes, psychological wellness, affinity for nature, and interest in scientific topics

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the psychological concept of nature attachment and its relationship with pro-environmental views and psychological wellbeing. Understanding the general public's involvement in scientific matters is also crucial for comprehending scientific research. The researchers set out to chart the connections between adults' affinity to environment, their interest in science, their views on sustainability, and their mental health. In particular, the research set out to investigate the interplay between these factors by testing theory-based hypotheses using structural equation modelling (SEM). A stratified population was created using the probability corresponding to size sampling technique. The population was divided into strata based on relevant characteristics, and systematic sampling was employed within each stratum, taking into account its size relative to the overall population. The study included 436 participants, ranging in age from 19 to 75, who were citizens. The findings of the study revealed a direct relationship between adult nature attachment and adult scientific curiosity. Furthermore, adult scientific curiosity was found to have a direct relationship with sustainability attitudes and psychological wellbeing. Additionally, the analysis indicated that participant attitudes towards sustainability were somewhat and indirectly mediated by adult interest in scientific subjects. The study provided valuable insights into the connections between adults' interest in scientific concerns, connection to nature, sustainability attitudes, and psychological wellbeing. The results demonstrated that individuals who exhibited higher levels of nature attachment and scientific curiosity were more likely to hold favourable sustainable perspectives and report better mental health. The present research contributes to the corpus of expertise by outlining a paradigm that emphasises how scientific involvement affects the views of individuals and welfare.

Engineered E. coli for Long-Term Oral Enzyme Delivery.

Intestinal flora shows excellent affinity in the gut, and the adhesive property is borrowed for oral drug delivery. A facile strategy for bacteria engineering has been successfully developed by introducing metal-organic framework (MOF) mineralization. The MOF exoskeleton serves as an extendable platform for accommodating various cargoes with good Escherichia coli morphology maintained. The artificial exoskeleton surrounding E. coli is employed for encapsulating macromolecules as a therapeutic cargo, maintaining good bioactivity with high immobilization efficiency (60%) after systematic optimization of the MOF precursor. Leveraging the natural affinity of E. coli in the gut, the in-vivo tracking of MOF-engineered E. coli in the gastrointestinal tract confirmed excellent adhesion to the GI mucosa and a 17.9-fold increase in the gut retention half-time, demonstrating significant advantages in retention capability. In comparison, the control group without E. coli equipment resulted in quick gut passage. Furthermore, the artificially engineered E. coli serves as an effective carrier for macromolecules without notable oral toxicity, as evidenced by biocompatibility evaluations in cells and animals. Overall, the MOF-engineered E. coli provides an extendable platform for loading on-demand cargoes in versatile therapeutic functions with promising clinical transnationality for long-term applications.

Natural Affinity Driven Modification by Silicene to Construct a "Thermal Switch" for Tumorous Bone Loss.

Tumorous bone defects present significant challenges for surgical bio-reconstruction due to the dual pathological conditions of residual tumor presence and extensive bone loss following excision surgery. To address this challenge, a "thermal switch" smart bone scaffold based on the silicene nanosheet-modified decalcified bone matrix (SNS@DBM) is developed by leveraging the natural affinity between collagen and silicene, which is elucidated by molecular dynamics simulations. Benefitting from its exceptional photothermal ability, biodegradability, and bioactivity, the SNS@DBM "thermal switch" provides an integrated postoperative sequential thermotherapy for tumorous bone loss by exerting three levels of photothermal stimulation (i.e., strong, moderate, and nonstimulation). During the different phases of postoperative bioconstruction, the SNS@DBM scaffold realizes simultaneous residual tumor ablation, tumor recurrence prevention, and bone tissue regeneration. These biological effects are verified in the tumor-bearing nude mice of patient-derived tissue xenografts and critical cranium defect rats. Mechanism research prompts moderate heat stimulus generated by and coordinating with SNSs can upregulate osteogenic genes, promote macrophages M2 polarization, and intensify angiogenesis of H-type vessels. This study introduces a versatile approach to the management of tumorous bone defects.

A Novel Collagen Aerogel with Relevant Features for Topical Biomedical Applications.

Collagen-based aerogels have great potential for topical biomedical applications. Collagen's natural affinity with skin, biodegradability, and gelling behavior are compelling properties to combine with the structural integrity of highly porous matrices in the dry form (aerogels). This work aimed to produce a novel collagen-based aerogel and to perform the material's solid-state and physicochemical characterization. Aerogels were obtained by performing different solvent exchange approaches of a collagen-gelled extract and drying the obtained alcogels with supercritical CO2. The resulting aerogels showed a sponge-like structure with a relatively dense mesoporous network with a specific surface area of 201-203 m2/g, a specific pore volume of 1.08-1.15 cm3/g, and a mean pore radius of ca. 14.7 nm. Physicochemical characterization confirmed that the obtained aerogels are composed of pure collagen, and the aerogel production process does not impact protein tertiary structure. Finally, the material swelling behavior was assessed at various pH values (4, 7, and 10). Collagen aerogels presented a high water uptake capacity up to ~2700 wt. %, pH-dependent stability, and swelling behavior in aqueous media. The results suggest that this collagen aerogel could be a promising scaffold candidate for topical biomedical applications.

캠핑활동의 지각된 위험과 참여동기가 태도와 행동의도에 미치는 영향

Purpose - The camping market in China has demonstrated consistent growth in recent years, with a continued expansion observed. Particularly, following the COVID-19 pandemic, heightened concern for safety during leisure activities has become prevalent among individuals. This study aimed to ascertain the motivational factors driving Chinese individuals to engage in camping activities, and assess the influence of perceived risk on camper attitudes and behavioral intentions. Design/Methodology/Approach - Data analysis encompassed a sample of 258 sets collected from campers that visited three campsites situated in Qinhuangdao, China. Findings - The findings revealed that all perceived risk factors associated with camping activities significantly impacted individual attitudes. Furthermore, among the motivating factors for participation, aspects such as affinity for nature and escapism from daily routines were identified as influential in attitudes toward camping activities. The study confirmed a substantial relationship between the attitude toward camping activities and behavioral intentions. Research Implications - The outcomes underscore the necessity for camping operators to furnish campers with strategies to manage risks and educational initiatives encompassing safe camping practices and emergency protocols. Consequently, this study offers insights into the future trajectory of the camping industry, emphasizing the imperative of amalgamating safety measures with a rich natural experience.

Platelet Membrane-Coated r-SAK Improves Thrombolytic Efficacy by Targeting Thrombus.

Thrombolytic therapy is one of the most effective treatments for thrombus dissolution and recanalization of blocked vessels in thrombotic diseases. However, the application of the thrombolytic strategy has been limited due to unsatisfactory thrombolytic efficacy, relatively higher bleeding complications, and consequently restricted indications. Recombinant staphylokinase (r-SAK) is a third-generation thrombolytic agent produced by genetic engineering technology, which exhibits a better thrombolytic efficacy than urokinase and recombinant streptokinase. Inspired by the natural affinity of platelets in hemostasis and pathological thrombosis, we developed a platelet membrane (PM)-coated r-SAK (PM-r-SAK). Results from animal experiments and human in vitro studies showed that the PM-r-SAK had a thrombolytic efficacy equal to or better than its 4-fold dose of r-SAK. In a totally occluded rabbit femoral artery thrombosis model, the PM-r-SAK significantly shortened the initial recanalization time compared to the same dose and 4-fold dose of r-SAK. Regarding the recanalized vessels, the PM-r-SAK prolonged the time of reperfusion compared to the same dose and 4-fold dose of r-SAK, though the differences were not significant. An in vitro thrombolytic experiment demonstrated that the thrombolytic efficacy of PM-r-SAK could be inhibited by platelet-poor plasma from patients taking aspirin and ticagrelor. PM coating significantly improves the thrombolytic efficacy of r-SAK, which is related to the thrombus-targeting activity of the PM-r-SAK and can be inhibited by aspirin- and ticagrelor-treated plasma.

Revealing urban residents’ intention to pay for the greening of farmland in the urban fringe by extending the theory of planned behavior: Insights from payment for ecosystem services

The greening of farmland in the urban fringe improves the resilience of urban ecosystem and brings more abundant ecosystem services to urban residents. From the perspective of payment for ecosystem services, this study explored urban residents’ intention to pay for the improved ecosystem by extending the theory of planned behavior. The main findings are as follows. First, 76% of urban residents had a relatively strong payment intention. Second, moral obligation was the foremost factor that affects intention, which highlights the importance of individuals’ intrinsic sense of responsibility and social altruism to mould “greening action”. Third, the positive effect of behavioral attitude was subsequently highlighted, therefore, the government should shape decision-makers’ positive attitudes by propagandizing the value of green farmland. Fourth, both ecosystem service perception and nature affinity had a significant and positive impact on payment intention, and further, ecosystem service perception mediated the impact of nature affinity on intention. This observation provides policymakers with enlightenment that measures to enhance urban residents’ nature affinity, are also effective in improving ecosystem service perception. Moreover, the average payment level of urban residents was 174.7CNY per year. If payment intention can be catalyzed into actual payment behavior, it expected to greatly contribute to the financing of greening action. These results can help policymakers better understand the sustainable path of farmland greening from the perspective of payment for ecosystem services.

Efficient zero wastewater and salt-free of cotton fiber dyeing via hydrophobic organic chemical/water two-phase dyeing system

For cotton fabric dyeing, a significant quantity of salt and water are typically consumed in the conventional water dyeing bath. In this study, an environmentally friendly alternative was investigated that could eliminate water waste and salt usage, as well as reducing chemical consumption. This method, which employs a hydrophobic organic chemical/water two-phase dyeing system, solely involves fiber swelling, dye dissolution, and the use of alkaline agents. By substituting the water required for heat and mass with an organic chemical, 71.43% dye reduction can be achieved in dye consumption compared to traditional water-based dyeing method. Benefiting from the natural affinity between dyes and cotton fibers, without any interaction with hydrophobic organic chemicals, reactive dye can diffuse into the fiber surface, which can achieve above 98% dye uptake and 90% fixation rate. The K/S value of the dyed cotton fabric is much higher than that of conventional water bath at the same dye concentration, and it is the highest when the water content is 120 %. Moreover, the uniform distribution of dye and the color fastness of the dyed fabric are comparable to traditional water-based dyeing. Due to the influence of intermolecular forces, the aggregation of dye is changed to varying degrees in different hydrophilic and hydrophobic cotton fiber dyeing systems, which further influences the dyeing quality. This study not only improves the utilization of dye but achieves salt-free, no wastewater emission and reduces the dyeing cost, providing an economical and sustainable dyeing method for the industrial dyeing of cotton fabric.

Biopolymers‐Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cell Applications: A Comprehensive Review

AbstractNafion has been dominating the proton exchange membrane (PEM) market because of its adequacy for the proton exchange operation. However, because of its high cost, low performance at low relative humidity, and finally environmental unfriendliness, researchers have been developing and working on Nafion alternatives. In this review, we assess how biopolymers present an opportunity as an eco‐friendly material able to replace the conventional Nafion membrane in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Chitosan and cellulose were the most studied in literature owing to their abundance in nature, low cost, and high affinity for water, which are sought‐after properties for PEM. In addition to that, their ease of modification through their hydroxyl or amine groups represents an opportunity to further enhance their characteristics and thus meet the criteria of diverse applications. The use of biopolymers as an adequate PEM is facing many challenges. Having a practical proton conductivity and securing the physicochemical stability of the biopolymers in fuel cell operating conditions are two of the most important challenges to overcome. Promising strategies to simultaneously address these challenges such as crosslinking, making interpenetrated networks, and making blends and composites are reported.

Unveiling a Shield of Hope: A Novel Multiepitope-Based Immunogen for Cross-Serotype Cellular Defense against Dengue Virus.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection continues to be a public health challenge, lacking a specific cure. Vaccination remains the primary strategy against dengue; however, existing live-attenuated vaccines display variable efficacy across four serotypes, influenced by host serostatus and age, and predominantly inducing humoral responses. To address this limitation, this study investigates a multiepitope-based immunogen designed to induce robust cellular immunity across all DENV serotypes. The chimeric immunogen integrates H-2d specific MHC-I binding T-cell epitopes derived from conserved domains within the DENV envelope protein. Immuno-informatics analyses supported its stability, non-allergenic nature, and strong MHC-I binding affinity as an antigen. To assess the immunogenicity of the multiepitope, it was expressed in murine bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) that were used to prime mice. In this experimental model, simultaneous exposure to T-cell epitopes from all four DENV serotypes initiated distinct IFNγ-CD8 T-cell responses for different serotypes. These results supported the potential of the multiepitope construct as a vaccine candidate. While the optimization of the immunogen design remains a continuous pursuit, this proof-of-concept study provides a starting point for evaluating its protective efficacy against dengue infection in vivo. Moreover, our results support the development of a multiepitope vaccine that could trigger a pan-serotype anti-dengue CD8 response.

Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte with DNA Affinity for Enhanced Nuclear Imaging and Precise DNA Quantification.

Precise DNA quantification and nuclear imaging are pivotal for clinical testing, pathological diagnosis, and drug development. The detection and localization of mitochondrial DNA serve as crucial indicators of cellular health. We introduce a novel conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE) molecule, COE-S3, featuring a planar backbone composed of three benzene rings and terminal side chains. This unique amphiphilic structure endows COE-S3 with exceptional water solubility, a high quantum yield of 0.79, and a significant fluorescence Stokes shift (λex = 366 nm, λem = 476 nm), alongside a specific fluorescence response to DNA. The fluorescence intensity correlates proportionally with DNA concentration. COE-S3 interacts with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) through an intercalation binding mode, exhibiting a binding constant (K) of 1.32 × 106 M-1. Its amphiphilic nature and strong DNA affinity facilitate its localization within mitochondria in living cells and nuclei in apoptotic cells. Remarkably, within 30 min of COE-S3 staining, cell vitality can be discerned through real-time nuclear fluorescence imaging of apoptotic cells. COE-S3's high DNA selectivity enables quantitative intracellular DNA analysis, providing insights into cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Our findings underscore COE-S3, with its strategically designed, shortened planar backbone, as a promising intercalative probe for DNA quantification and nuclear imaging.

Antibody complementarity-determining region design using AlphaFold2 and DDG predictor

The constraints imposed by natural antibody affinity maturation often culminate in antibodies with suboptimal binding affinities, thereby limiting their therapeutic efficacy. As such, the augmentation of antibody binding affinity is pivotal for the advancement of efficacious antibody-based therapies. Classical experimental paradigms for antibody engineering are financially and temporally prohibitive due to the extensive combinatorial space of sequence variations in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). The advent of computational techniques presents a more expeditious and economical avenue for the systematic design and optimization of antibodies. In this investigation, we assess the performance of AlphaFold2 coupled with the binder hallucination technique for the computational refinement of antibody sequences to elevate the binding affinity of pre-existing antigen-antibody complexes. These methodologies exhibit the capability to predict protein tertiary structures with remarkable fidelity, even in the absence of empirically derived data. Our results intimate that the proposed approach is adept at designing antibodies with improved affinities for antigen-antibody complexes unrepresented in AlphaFold2’s training dataset, underscoring its potential as a robust and scalable strategy for antibody engineering.

The Uniqueness of Albumin as a Carrier in Nano Drug Delivery

The quest for precision medicine hinges on targeted drug delivery, minimizing off-target effects while maximizing therapeutic impact. Among nanocarriers, albumin – the most abundant protein in human blood – emerges as a uniquely biocompatible stealth bomber. Its inherent advantages, including exceptional biodegradability, prolonged circulation, and natural affinity for diseased tissues, perfectly align with the goals of personalized medicine. Albumin readily solubilizes poorly soluble drugs, enhancing bioavailability and broadening the therapeutic arsenal. Its versatile surface allows for targeted modifications, enabling dual diagnosis and treatment (theranostics) tailored to individual needs. While challenges remain in optimizing drug loading and targeting specificity, albumin-based nanocarriers hold immense promise for revolutionizing personalized healthcare, delivering potent therapeutics with pinpoint accuracy. The burgeoning field of nanodrug delivery seeks to redefine therapeutic landscapes by engineering nanoscale carriers that meticulously deliver potent drugs to their designated targets, minimizing systemic exposure and maximizing therapeutic efficacy. This pursuit aligns perfectly with the burgeoning field of precision medicine, where personalized treatments demand exquisite control over drug delivery. Within this intricate choreography, albumin, the abundant and versatile protein resident in human plasma, emerges as a maestro, orchestrating a symphony of advantages that make it a prime candidate for nanocarrier construction.

Efficient and cold-tolerant moisture-enabled power generator combining ionic diode and ionic hydrogel.

The ionic diode structure has become one of the attractive structures in the field of moisture-based power generation. However, existing devices still suffer from poor moisture trapping, low surface charge, and inefficient ion separation, resulting in low output power. Moreover, water freezes at low temperatures (<0 °C), limiting the ionic diode structure to generate electricity in cold environments. In this paper, a moisture-enabled power generator has been designed and fabricated, which assembles a negatively charged ionic hydrogel film and a positively charged anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) film to construct a heterojunction. The hydrogel polymer network is modified with a large number of sulfonate groups that dissociate to provide nanoscale pores with high surface charge to improve the rectification ratio. And the lithium chloride (LiCl) salt with high hydration ability is added to the hydrogel as a moisture-trapping and anti-freezing component. Usually salt ions reduce the Debye length, so that the ion transport is finally not controlled by the electric double layer (EDL) and the rectification fails. Interestingly, due to the natural affinity of the hydrogel polymer network for LiCl, LiCl is locked on the hydrogel side and does not easily enter the AAO pores to change the distribution of EDL within the nanochannel. As a result, the device rectification ratio is almost independent of the amount of LiCl addition, demonstrating an excellent balance of high output power and high freeze resistance. Ultimately, the device exhibits excellent power generation performance in the -20 °C to 60 °C temperature range and 15% to 93% RH humidity range. Typically, under high humidity (93% RH) at room temperature (25 °C), it provides an open-circuit voltage of 1.25 V and a short-circuit current of 300 μA cm-2, with an on-load output power of up to 71.35 μW cm-2. Under medium humidity (50% RH) at low temperature (-20 °C), it provides an open-circuit voltage of 1.11 V and a short-circuit current of 15 μA cm-2.