Native Japanese Research Articles

Genetic characterization of phenotypic traits in endangered Taishu horse breed and their breeding strategy.

The Taishu horse is a native Japanese breed threatened with extinction. It is important to genotype the causative genes of rare phenotypes in endangered breeds because unique genetic traits might be lost unless a breeding strategy for conservation is constructed. In the present study, nine single-nucleotide variants and three indels of nine genes related to coat color, body composition, and gait were genotyped in 56 Taishu horses. Of these, only three genes were polymorphic. The observed coat color phenotypes coincided with the estimated phenotype from the genotypes, whereas black horses showed specific phenotypes that were generally black in winter but turned light brown in summer. No DNA polymorphisms in ligand-dependent nuclear receptor corepressor-like gene and very few polymorphisms in myostatin gene were identified. While means of withers height, chest circumference, cannon circumference, and body length were 122.8, 143.1, 16.9, and 130.2 cm, respectively, no relationship was found between the variants investigated and the body composition measurements. The gaited allele of doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 gene was not observed and the estimated phenotypes coincided with the observed phenotype, trot. Genotypes of coat color in the Taishu horses are essential for the construction of breeding strategies to conserve black and chestnut horses, which are much less common than bay horses. These results may help breeders construct breeding strategies to conserve rare phenotypic traits in this breed. This initiative will also be beneficial for breeding programs of other native Japanese horses, such as Noma and Miyako, whose numbers are declining.

Facilitative L1-transfer in nonnative sound production of monolingual and bilingual learners

Abstract The L1-transfer pattern may be different between bilinguals and monolinguals as the former has multiple L1 candidates to transfer. This study compared how Mandarin monolingual learners (MDN), Shanghainese-Mandarin bilingual learners (SHM), and Japanese natives produce Japanese stops in word-reading and paragraph-reading tasks. The L2 Japanese learners varied in the years of learning (1–3 years). Shanghainese differs from Mandarin in that the word-medial voiced stops are prevoiced, which may allow facilitative transfer to Japanese voiced stops. As a result, SHM in general showed more target-like pronunciation of voiced stops than MDN. Regarding the L2 experience, third-year SHM produced more target-like word-medial voiced stops, whereas first-year SHM produced less target-like word-initial voiceless and word-medial voiced stops. These results suggest that the overlap between the target L2 and one of the learners’ L1s may lead to finer phonetic realization, but the facilitative transfer is subject to bilingual learners’ L2 experience.

Phonological Process of Word-Final Consonant Sounds in Indonesian Learners by Japanese Speakers (Case Study of Japanesia Online Course Students)

This study aims to analyze the phonological processes and contributing factors affecting the pronunciation of final consonant sounds by native Japanese speakers learning Indonesian. The research employs the theory of generative transformational phonology, using distinctive features to address the research questions. A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted, utilizing data from the Japanesia course's online class videos on YouTube, collected through observation and note-taking techniques. The analysis identifies three main phonological processes in Japanese learners' pronunciation of Indonesian final consonants: sound substitution (e.g., [n] to [ŋ] and [l] to [r]), elision of [h], and addition of sounds such as [u] following [r] and [s], as well as aspirated [h] after [t] and [k]. These phonological adjustments reflect the absence of certain Indonesian sounds in Japanese, prompting learners to adapt pronunciations to their native phonological system. Furthermore, the Japanese language’s predominant open syllable structure (CVCV) generally excludes word-final consonants aside from nasals, contributing to these adaptations.

Pronunciation Patterns and Challenges of the Japanese Long Vowel (Chouon) /ei/ Among Indonesian Students

This study examines the pronunciation patterns of the Japanese vowel sequence /ei/ among 62 students from six universities across six provinces in Indonesia. In Japanese, the vowel sequence /ei/ is commonly neutralized to /e:/. According to Takayama (1992), this neutralization is incomplete in formal or careful speech, where /ei/ is pronounced distinctly as /ei/. Hashimoto (2006) observed that speakers alternate between /ei/ and /e:/, particularly at the ends of sentences. This research explores how Indonesian students, who typically pronounce words according to their written forms, produce the vowel sequence /ei/ in both the initial and final positions of familiar Japanese words. This study was conducted between January to June 2024. Participants were tasked with identifying instances where native Japanese speakers used the long vowel /ei/ in sentences. They then recorded their pronunciations of these words in various positions. The recordings were analyzed using PRAAT software. Results show that native Japanese speakers typically pronounce /ei/ as a long /e:/ with an average duration of 0.173 seconds. In comparison, Indonesian learners pronounced /ei/ in "reizouko" with an average duration of 0.204 seconds and in "yotei" with 0.148 seconds, indicating a tendency for longer pronunciation at the beginning of words. The longest recorded duration was 0.49 seconds, and the shortest was 0.04 seconds, possibly due to hesitation. Furthermore, learners tended to simplify the /ei/ sound, especially at the start or end of sentences. This study highlights the need for targeted pronunciation instruction and additional practice time in Japanese language curricula to address these specific phonetic challenges.

Compare the teaching effectiveness and student satisfaction between native Japanese language teachers and non-native Japanese language teachers

This study examines the comparative teaching effectiveness and student satisfaction between native Japanese language teachers (NJLTs) and non-native Japanese language teachers (NNJLTs). Utilizing a sample of 740 students from various educational institutions in Japan, the research employs a quantitative design, including structured questionnaires adapted from established scales. Advanced statistical methods, including factor analysis and multiple regression, were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal no significant differences in student satisfaction and language proficiency between students taught by NJLTs and NNJLTs. Additionally, regression analysis showed that cultural relatability and empathy were not significant predictors of teaching effectiveness, suggesting that factors beyond nativeness influence student outcomes. These results challenge the native-speakerism ideology, highlighting the importance of pedagogical skills, teacher-student rapport, and effective teaching strategies. The study underscores the need for inclusive hiring practices, comprehensive teacher training programs, and collaborative teaching models that leverage the strengths of both NJLTs and NNJLTs. Implications for educational policy, curriculum design, and teacher professional development are discussed, advocating for a balanced approach that values the contributions of both native and non-native teachers. Limitations include the reliance on self-reported data and the specific cultural context of Japan. Future research should explore additional variables, employ longitudinal designs, and utilize mixed-methods approaches to provide a more nuanced understanding of language teaching effectiveness.

Introduction of a snake trematode of the genus Ochetosoma in eastern Japan

In Japan, trematodes of the family Ochetosomatidae are not naturally distributed. However, the introduced ochetosomatid Ochetosoma kansense (Crow, 1913) has been reported from the oral cavity of native snakes in western Japan since 2010s. In this study, trematodes were isolated from the oral cavities of the native Japanese snakes, Elaphe quadrivirgata (Boie, 1826), E. climacophora (Boie, 1826), and Rhabdophis tigrinus (Boie, 1826), in the central Kanto region of eastern Japan. Morphological and molecular analyses of the isolated trematodes revealed that all trematodes were identifiable to a newly introduced ochetosomatid species to Japan, O. elongatum (Pratt, 1903), which originated from North America; Lechriorchis tygarti Talbot, 1933 was synonymized with O. elongatum based on identical molecular data and morphological similarity. To identify first intermediate hosts of O. elongatum, seven freshwater snail species were examined in eastern Japan. Molecular analysis was used to identify O. elongatum sporocysts in the freshwater snail Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805), which also originated from North America. The other six species did not host O. elongatum, suggesting that Ph. acuta is the only first intermediate host of O. elongatum in Japan. Although O. elongatum has been detected in Japan, its invasion route and period of introduction are unclear. Frequent imports of freshwater snails and wild snakes from North America, after the 1990s and 2005, respectively, presumably introduced O. elongatum in Japan.

Prognostic factors for non‑metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors.

The treatment paradigm for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) has changed in recent years. An observational multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) as a first-line treatment for patients with nmCRPC. The present study included native Japanese patients from four hospitals who received ARSIs as a first-line treatment for nmCRPC. The primary endpoint of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ARSI in patients with nmCRPC. The secondary endpoint was to develop a novel system to stratify the prognoses of these patients. In total, 160 patients were included in the present study. Within a median follow-up period of 23 months, the median overall survival (OS) was not reached, whereas the median progression-free survival was 26 months. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the time to CRPC, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at the initiation of nmCRPC treatment and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) were independent predictors of OS. The patients for whom information about all three independent OS predictors was available were subsequently divided into three groups as follows: Group 1, 57 patients with negative or one positive independent OS predictor; group 2, 38 patients with two positive independent OS predictors; and group 3, 10 patients with three independent OS predictors. The OS differed significantly among the three groups (P<0.0001). In conclusion, ARSIs as a first-line treatment may be associated with favorable outcomes in Japanese patients with nmCRPC. Time to CRPC, PSA level at the initiation of nmCRPC treatment and GNRI are potential predictors of OS in Japanese patients with nmCRPC who received ARSIs as a first-line treatment.

More foreign-accented but more comprehensible: Attrition and amelioration of L1 speech in proficient L2 learners.

There is an increasing interest in cross-linguistic influences of the second language (L2) on the first (L1), but its communicative impact remains to be elucidated. This study investigates how L2 learners' L1 pronunciation is perceived as foreign-accented and (in) comprehensible as a function of their L2 learning experience and proficiency levels. Read speech of 154 L1 Japanese learners of L2 English in the J-AESOP corpus was examined, where approximately one-third of them had lived in English-speaking countries and the rest had never lived outside of Japan. Their L1 speech was rated by another group of native Japanese listeners for accentedness and comprehensibility (from October 25, 2022 to August 20, 2023), while their L2 speech was previously rated by native American English listeners for nativelikeness or proficiency. The speakers' vowel acoustics were also examined. More proficient L2 speakers were perceived as more foreign-accented in their L1, but only if they had lived overseas; their length of residence abroad predicted the degree of perceived accentedness. In contrast, more proficient L2 speakers were consistently perceived as more comprehensible in the L1, regardless of prior overseas experience. Acoustic analyses indicated that perceived accentedness is associated with a clockwise chain shift of all vowel categories in the vowel space. It was also revealed that the dispersion, rather than compactness, of vowel production contributed to perceived comprehensibility, although the degree of L1 vowel dispersion did not predict L2 proficiency. The overall results suggest two main conclusions. First, perceptible L1 foreign accent likely results from L1 disuse rather than L2 interference, thereby L1 pronunciation differs from native norms at a system-wide rather than category-specific level. Second, L2 learning has a positive influence on perceived L1 comprehensibility, rather than individuals with clearer and more comprehensible L1 speech being inherently better L2 learners.

The Use of Japanese Words &lt;i&gt;Hito&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Hitobito&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Hitotachi &lt;/i&gt;in L1 and L2 Written Compositions

The paper aims to tackle two neglected issues in teaching Japanese as a foreign language – the pluralization of nouns and the differentiation of synonyms – by analyzing three Japanese words that correspond to the meaning “people”. We examined the usage of these words in compositions written by intermediate-level foreign students and native Japanese speakers that were compiled in the corpus “A Country Easy to Live In.” Although these words appear in the sentences of both groups, our analysis reveals that in Japanese, the meanings of singularity and plurality are marked and that distinguishing them poses challenges to students. We also show that the distinction between the plural meaning of “people”, expressed by the nouns 人々 hitobito and 人達 hitotachi, needs to be given more attention in Japanese language teaching.

Grammatical structures of emoji in Japanese-language text conversations

Emojis have become a ubiquitous part of everyday text communication worldwide. Cohn et al. (Cognit Res Princ Implic 4(1):1–18, 2019) studied the grammatical structure of emoji usage among English speakers and found a correlation between the sequence of emojis used and English word order, tending towards an subject–verb–object (SVO) sequence. However, it remains unclear whether emoji usage follows a universal grammar or whether it is influenced by native language grammar. Therefore, this study explored the potential influence of Japanese grammar on emoji usage by Japanese speakers. Twenty adults, all native Japanese speakers, participated in pairs. In Experiment 1, participants engaged in conversations through Google Hangouts on iPads. The experiment consisted of four conversation rounds of approximately 8 min each. The first two rounds involved one participant using only written Japanese and the other using only emojis and punctuation, with roles reversed in the second round. The third round required both participants to use only emojis and punctuation. The results indicated that participants preferred subject–object–verb (SOV) or object–verb (OV) sequences, with OV patterns being more common. This pattern reflects a distinctive attribute of Japanese grammatical structure, marked by the frequent omission of the subject. Experiment 2 substituted emojis for words, showing nouns were more commonly replaced than verbs due to the difficulty in conveying complex meanings. Reduced subject replacements again emphasised Japanese grammatical structure. In essence, emoji usage reflects native language structures, but complexities are challenging to convey, resulting in simplified sequences. This study offers insights for enhancing emoji-based communication and interface design, with implications for translation and broader communication.

Speech Act Of Refusal On Vertical Line Levels In Japanese And Indian Cultures

This study aims to describe the refusal speech acts of Japanese and Indian people in the context of vertical relationship lines. The research employs a cross-cultural pragmatic approach with a qualitative descriptive paradigm method. Data collection was carried out using the Discourse Completion Task (DCT) method on native Japanese and Indian speakers. Data were analyzed using Brown and Levinson's politeness theory and Ochi Suzuki's refusal strategies, presented through a descriptive analysis model. The results indicate differences in the refusal speech acts of Japanese and Indian people within vertical relationship lines. Japanese people, in this context, tend to use indirect refusals, employing various methods to show respect and avoid offending the interlocutor. This is influenced by factors such as social status, social distance, kinship relations, and the speaker's age. Indirect refusals often involve expressions of apology and the use of different language forms. There are slight differences between male and female refusal speech acts in Japanese culture. Women are more careful in choosing words to refuse, showing a higher regard for the feelings of the speaker. In contrast, Japanese men tend to provide straightforward reasons for their refusals but still choose their words cautiously. In the case of Indian people within vertical relationship lines, the majority use direct refusals, as evidenced by their speech. Social factors such as social status and social distance also play a role. Both Indian men and women tend to deliver refusals straightforwardly, assertively, and directly (to the point).

Cross-cultural comparison of beauty judgments in visual art using machine learning analysis of art attribute predictors among Japanese and German speakers

In empirical art research, understanding how viewers judge visual artworks as beautiful is often explored through the study of attributes—specific inherent characteristics or artwork features such as color, complexity, and emotional expressiveness. These attributes form the basis for subjective evaluations, including the judgment of beauty. Building on this conceptual framework, our study examines the beauty judgments of 54 Western artworks made by native Japanese and German speakers, utilizing an extreme randomized trees model—a data-driven machine learning approach—to investigate cross-cultural differences in evaluation behavior. Our analysis of 17 attributes revealed that visual harmony, color variety, valence, and complexity significantly influenced beauty judgments across both cultural cohorts. Notably, preferences for complexity diverged significantly: while the native Japanese speakers found simpler artworks as more beautiful, the native German speakers evaluated more complex artworks as more beautiful. Further cultural distinctions were observed: for the native German speakers, emotional expressiveness was a significant factor, whereas for the native Japanese speakers, attributes such as brushwork, color world, and saturation were more impactful. Our findings illuminate the nuanced role that cultural context plays in shaping aesthetic judgments and demonstrate the utility of machine learning in unravelling these complex dynamics. This research not only advances our understanding of how beauty is judged in visual art—considering self-evaluated attributes—across different cultures but also underscores the potential of machine learning to enhance our comprehension of the aesthetic evaluation of visual artworks.

Islam in Japan: When an Unstoppable Force Meets an Immovable Object

Japan’s case of inclusivity is distinctive when one considers its homogenous nature, which brings a challenge for foreign influences to integrate into its culture. However, several cases like the tolerance of Christianity in the contemporary era shows that external influences and cultures can be accepted in Japan as long as those said influences and cultures can integrate into the nation. As for Islam, its steadily growing population in Japan has raised an urgent issue in the discourse of Japan as an inclusive society. The main problem Japan had—specifically after the 9/11 attack—in regards to Islam was the biassed public perceptions which tend to generalise and stigmatise Islam and its adherents. Such perceptions were mainly caused by the few numbers of Muslims in Japan at that time and the narratives Japanese mass media brought to the public. However, recent times have seen a glimpse of light for Islam in Japan. The rising number of native Japanese that convert to Islam and the influx of refugees has counterbalanced the negative perceptions the Japanese public had prior to the current circumstances.

The Role of Occipitotemporal Network for Speed-Reading: An fMRI Study

The activity of occipitotemporal regions involved in linguistic reading processes, such as the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT), is believed to exhibit strong interactions during higher-order language processing, specifically in the connectivity between the occipital gyrus and the temporal gyrus. In this study, we utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with psychophysiological interaction (PPI) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to investigate the functional and effective connectivity in the occipitotemporal network during speed reading. We conducted the experiment with native Japanese speakers who underwent and without speed-reading training and subsequently performed established reading tasks at different speeds (slow, medium, and fast) while undergoing 3-Tesla Siemens fMRI. Our activation analyses revealed significant changes in occipital and temporal regions as reading speed increased, indicating functional connectivity within the occipitotemporal network. DCM results further demonstrated more intricate effective connections and high involvement within the occipitotemporal pathway: (1) reading signals originated from the inferior occipital gyrus (iO), distributed to the vOT and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and then gathered in the anterior superior temporal sulcus (aSTS); (2) reading speed loads had modulation effects on the pathways from the aSTS to vOT and from the iO to vOT. These findings highlight the complex connectivity and dynamic interactions within the occipitotemporal network during speed-reading processes.

The noisy encoding of disparity model predicts perception of the McGurk effect in native Japanese speakers.

In the McGurk effect, visual speech from the face of the talker alters the perception of auditory speech. The diversity of human languages has prompted many intercultural studies of the effect in both Western and non-Western cultures, including native Japanese speakers. Studies of large samples of native English speakers have shown that the McGurk effect is characterized by high variability in the susceptibility of different individuals to the illusion and in the strength of different experimental stimuli to induce the illusion. The noisy encoding of disparity (NED) model of the McGurk effect uses principles from Bayesian causal inference to account for this variability, separately estimating the susceptibility and sensory noise for each individual and the strength of each stimulus. To determine whether variation in McGurk perception is similar between Western and non-Western cultures, we applied the NED model to data collected from 80 native Japanese-speaking participants. Fifteen different McGurk stimuli that varied in syllable content (unvoiced auditory "pa" + visual "ka" or voiced auditory "ba" + visual "ga") were presented interleaved with audiovisual congruent stimuli. The McGurk effect was highly variable across stimuli and participants, with the percentage of illusory fusion responses ranging from 3 to 78% across stimuli and from 0 to 91% across participants. Despite this variability, the NED model accurately predicted perception, predicting fusion rates for individual stimuli with 2.1% error and for individual participants with 2.4% error. Stimuli containing the unvoiced pa/ka pairing evoked more fusion responses than the voiced ba/ga pairing. Model estimates of sensory noise were correlated with participant age, with greater sensory noise in older participants. The NED model of the McGurk effect offers a principled way to account for individual and stimulus differences when examining the McGurk effect in different cultures.

Hikikomori and Sōshokukei-danshi: A semantic analysis of Japan’s social deviants

This study is a semantic analysis that examines the meanings of two contemporary Japanese labels, hikikomori and soushokukei-danshi. This duo has often been linked to the late marriage age, declining marriage rate, shoushika (low birth rate), and koureika (the aging society). The goal of this thesis is to define these individuals according to the perceptions of native Japanese speakers and to convey the definitions by using the reductive paraphrase methodology. Accordingly, cultural values reflected in the labels will be revealed. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach and corpus analysis are the chosen methodology. NSM is a universal mini metalanguage, while corpus analysis is a tool that can analyse data from online sources. Combined, these methods support the goal of delivering explications that reflect the labels from a Japanese perspective. Results from the study show that the values of Japanese society and the duos are at odds with one another, subsequently, fuelling the negative stigma directed towards both cohorts: Hikikomori are individuals who are emotionally withdrawn and bound to the house for the most part. Furthermore, their condition is something they feel they cannot change so easily; and Soushokukei-danshi are young men who are uninterested in romance or attaining stereotypical male positions in the workforce. Moreover, they would rather invest time in their hobbies. Through this study, a better comprehension of what these words mean is acquired.

How do differences in native language affect out-of-body experiences?

Out-of-body experiences are scientifically inducible cognitive phenomena attracting global attention due to their application in the Metaverse and medical care. Despite previous studies suggesting that one's native language influences one's cognition, the out-of-body experiences of humans with different native languages have not been investigated separately. This study replicated an experiment from a 2007 study to investigate whether differences in native language affect the ability to have scientifically induced out-of-body experiences. A total of 19 age-matched native English and Japanese speakers completed the experiment in two blocks. Thereafter, their experiences were evaluated using questionnaires, and their responses were compared. Importantly, no significant differences between the English and Japanese native-speaker conditions were found. The results showed that out-of-body experiences were induced similarly in both groups, suggesting that people can have out-of-body experiences as a response to similar stimuli, regardless of their native language. However, differences in participants' introspective reports suggested that their experiences may differ qualitatively, possibly, due to the different linguistic backgrounds. The elucidation of the mechanisms of science-assisted out-of-body experiences that consider different cultural and cognitive characteristics, such as native language, could lead to the investigation of their applications in the borderless Metaverse and medicine.

Examining Cross-linguistic Influence of Japanese Word Order: An Eye-Tracking Study on L2 English Learners’ Text Comprehension

Cross-linguistic influence is a systematic and unavoidable feature of language learning. This study aimed to investigate whether prepositive word order in Japanese noun clauses can serve as a cross-linguistic influence element in the acquisition of relative clauses (a form of a postpositive modifier) in English. To test this hypothesis, this study conducted an eye-tracking experiment with native Japanese speakers and showed the following results statistically. First, Japanese participants generally paid more attention to modifier clauses than the noun phrases they modified when reading English sentences with relative clauses. Second, when interpreting accusative relative clauses, longer fixations were observed both in the modifier clauses and in the antecedents, likely due to their complexity for Japanese L2 learners of English, as evidenced by the lowest accuracy rate. Finally, and most notably, the findings revealed that the participants who had not fully acquired the relative clause construction focused more on the left side of the relative pronoun than those who had. This tendency was most prominent when interpreting subjective relative clauses, a result that supports the hypothesis that prepositive L1 modifiers could be a CLI element in the acquisition of English postpositive modifiers.

An experimental investigation of the Deep Double-o Constraint in Japanese causative constructions

Abstract The Double-o Constraint (DoC) was proposed to explain the ungrammaticality of having two or more noun phrases (NPs) marked by the accusative case marker -o in a single Japanese clause. It has been argued that there are two types of DoCs: the Surface Double-o Constraint (SDoC) and the Deep Double-o Constraint (DDoC). The DDoC prohibits two accusative arguments in a single argument structure and is not affected by the number of accusative case markers on the surface. The evidence is from Japanese causatives. Our study conducted an experiment to test the DDoC and found that it may only apply to some native Japanese speakers.

Abstract PO5-08-12: Ethnic Admixture Affects Breast Cancer Incidence in Native Hawaiians: The Multiethnic Cohort

Abstract Background Native Hawaiians (NH) have the highest breast cancer incidence and the poorest survival of any ethnic group in Hawaii [1]. Since it has been shown that different ethnic groups have disparate risk of breast cancer in Hawaii and NHs are commonly of mixed ancestry, it is possible that the specific ethnic admixture may present an altered risk profile. For example, NH with Asian admixture was associated with higher risk for type 2 diabetes independent of known risk factors [2] compared to those without. The objective of this study was to calculate crude and age-adjusted breast cancer incidences by ethnic admixture group among participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). Methods: Based on self-reports, 106,525 eligible women were categorized by broad ethnic categories: Native Hawaiian, White, Black, Latino, and Japanese. In total there were 9257 breast cancer cases in the MEC cohort (1996-2019) at time of analysis. The Native Hawaiian population was further categorized into the following subgroups: Native Hawaiian only, Native Hawaiian &amp; White, Native Hawaiian &amp; Chinese, Native Hawaiian &amp; White &amp; Chinese. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rates (per 1000 person-years) were calculated for the various groups. The direct method of age adjustment using the US 2000 Standard population was used. Results: The ethnicity with the highest crude incidence were White=88.46, followed by Black=85.20, Latino=84.27, Japanese=84.90, and Native Hawaiian=81.28. However, after age-adjustment the highest were Japanese=159.1, White=153.8, Latino=148.3, Black=147.4, and Native Hawaiian=139.1. Crude incidence rates for Native Hawaiian ethnic admixture was found to be highest for Native Hawaiian &amp; White=83.5, Native Hawaiian only=82.5, Native Hawaiian &amp; Chinese=80.8, and Native Hawaiian &amp; White &amp; Chinese=80.4. After age adjustment, the highest was Native Hawaiian &amp; Chinese=173.9, followed by Native Hawaiian &amp; White=154.3, Native Hawaiian only=148.7, and finally Native Hawaiian &amp; White &amp; Chinese=120.8. Conclusion: These findings indicate that ethnic admixture in Native Hawaiians may be at elevated age-adjusted breast cancer incidence when compared to Native Hawaiian alone. When a woman was Native Hawaiian and Chinese the incidence was notably higher than any other group at 173.9 when compared to all Native Hawaiian=139.1. Furthermore, the group that had the lowest age-adjusted incidence was the mixed group of Native Hawaiian &amp; White &amp; Chinese=120.8 which seems to account for why the overall Native Hawaiian group=139.1 had one of the lowest incidence rates of the 5 major ethnic groups. 1. Loo, L.W., M. Williams, and B.Y. Hernandez, The high and heterogeneous burden of breast cancer in Hawaii: A unique multiethnic US Population. Cancer epidemiology, 2019. 58: p. 71-76. 2. Maskarinec, G., et al., Ethnic admixture affects diabetes risk in native Hawaiians: the Multiethnic Cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2016. 70(9): p. 1022-7. Citation Format: Dustin Valdez, Arianna Bunnell, David Bogumil, Gertraud Maskarinec, John Shepherd. Ethnic Admixture Affects Breast Cancer Incidence in Native Hawaiians: The Multiethnic Cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-08-12.