Abstract The proliferation of nonnative fishes throughout North America is a major concern for fisheries managers. In this paper, we evaluate the efficacy of selective harvest in reducing nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and restoring native cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki and bull trout S. confluentus populations in a small stream in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. From 1998 through 2000, groups of anglers have been involved in an organized program to selectively harvest brook trout from Quirk Creek, Alberta. Annual population estimates conducted by electrofishing indicate that selective harvest has had little effect on the brook trout population. Bayesian estimates of species catchability (i.e., proportion of vulnerable population caught per unit of angling effort) differed significantly between native and nonnative species, the catchability of native species being 2.5-fold greater than that for nonnatives. Using population models, we show that the lower catchability of brook trout coupled ...