National Use Research Articles

The Purpose, Process, and Advancement of Forensic Nursing Standards.

To strengthen the nation's use of forensic science and advance professional practice, forensic practitioners and scientists in the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) develop standards in forensic science. The Forensic Nursing Subcommittee was created by OSAC in 2021 to develop standards that improve patient outcomes through delivery of consistent practice guidelines, evidence-based techniques for preservation of evidence, and accurate representation of practice and examination findings. The purpose of this article is to relate the history of forensic science standard development in the United States, discuss the rationale for forensic nursing standards, and describe the standards development process. In this article, we provide an overview of OSAC and the OSAC Forensic Nursing Subcommittee. We discuss how forensic nurses can be involved in the development and advancement of standards that define minimum requirements, best practices, and evidence-based protocols to ensure reliable and reproducible outcomes. The development of forensic nursing standards is an important step in advancing the profession. It is critical that forensic nurses are actively involved in the standards development process, which includes volunteering to serve on the OSAC Forensic Nursing Subcommittee or a forensic nursing standards development organization, providing input into standards drafts during the public comment period, and implementing approved standards into practice.

Quantifying interregional flows of multiple ecosystem services – A case study for Germany

Despite a growing number of national-scale ecosystem service (ES) assessments, few studies consider the impacts of ES use and consumption beyond national or regional boundaries. Interregional ES flows – ecosystem services “imported” from and “exported” to other countries – are rarely analyzed and their importance for global sustainability is little known. Here, we provide a first multi-ES quantification of a nation's use of ES from abroad. We focus on ES flows that benefit the population in Germany but are supplied outside German territory. We employ a conceptual framework recently developed to systematically quantify interregional ES flows. We address four types of interregional ES flows with: (i) biophysical flows of traded goods: cocoa import for consumption; (ii) flows mediated by migratory species: migration of birds providing pest control; (iii) passive biophysical flows: flood control along transboundary watersheds; and (iv) information flows: China's giant panda loan to the Berlin Zoo. We determined that: (i) Ivory Coast and Ghana alone supply around 53% of Germany's cocoa while major negative consequences for biodiversity occurred in Cameroon and Ecuador; (ii) Africa´s humid and sub-humid climate zones are important habitats for the majority of migratory bird species that provide natural pest control services in agricultural areas in Germany; (iii) Upstream watersheds outside the country add an additional 64% flood regulation services nationally, while Germany exports 40% of flood regulation services in neighboring, downstream countries; (iv) Information flows transported by the pandas were mainly related to political aspects and - contrary to our expectations - considerably less on biological and natural aspects. We discuss the implications of these results for international resource management policy and governance.

A National Report of Nursing Home Quality and Information Technology: Two-Year Trends.

A REMARKABLE transformation is occurring in the nation's use of health information technology (HIT). Health information technology adoption has been spurred on by federal legislation in the past few years, which provided financial incentives for HIT adoption, mostly in acute care.1 Federal strat

Challenges in building partner capacity: Civil–military relations in the United States and new democracies

The main emphasis in US security assistance is ‘building partner capacity’. To understand prospects for building capacity implies knowledge of the security sector, including the armed forces and also national police and intelligence agencies. The scholarly sub-discipline that should be useful for analysis of a nation's use of armed forces is civil–military relations as it ostensibly directs attention to when and how civilians choose to utilize their nation's armed forces. The goal in this article is to further refine the field of civil–military relations by focusing attention on two main concepts – democratic civilian control and strategy – and discussing their relevance in the context of building partner capacity.

Nations, language and citizenship

This study evaluates the importance of in achieving a sense of solidarity, considering factors such as territory, religion, race, historical continuity, and memory. It investigates the historical experiences of countries and ethnic or regional minorities according to how their political leadership, intellectual elite, or independence movements answered the question, Who are we? The Americans, British, and Australians all speak English, just as the French, Haitians, and French-Canadians all speak French, sharing common historical origin, vocabulary and usage--but each nationality's use of its differs. So does transform a citizenry into a community / or is a national language the product of idealogy? This work presents 26 case studies and raises three questions: whether the people of independent countries consider the most important factor in creating their sense of nationality; whether the people living in multi-ethnic states or as regional minorities are most loyal to the community with which they share a or the community with which they share citizenship; and whether people in countries with civil strife find a common enough to create a sense of political solidarity. The study also covers hybrid languages, revivals, the difference between dialects and languages, government efforts to promote or avoid bilingualism, the manipulation of spelling and alphabet reform. Illustrations include postage stamps, banknotes, flags, and posters illustrating controversies. Instructors considering this book for use in a course may request an examination copy here.

Energy Use and Energy Efficiency in UK Transport up to the Year 2010

Transport currently accounts for about 28% of total UK energy demand by final users. It is wholly dependent on petroleum derived fuels and nearly 70% of the nation's use of petroleum fuels is taken by transport activities. Thus energy demand for transport has a major bearing on the energy market. This study was carried out in order to analyse the present and future patterns of energy use and to assess the scope for energy efficiency improvements in UK transport. The study covers from the 1950's to 1985. The forecasts of future energy use and energy efficiency is taken as the year 2010. Private and business motoring, service vehicles, road and rail transport of passengers and freight, air and water transport are each considered separately. These sectors are further disaggregated, for example into vehicle type and journey type as far the availability of reliable data allows. (TRRL)

The Nation's Use of Health Resources.

The Nation's Use of Health Resources.

The Nation's Use of Health Resources

The Nation's Use of Health Resources

Self-Portrayal: The Behavioral Sciences and the Federal Government . National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1968. xviii, 110 pp. Paper, $3.25. NAS Publication 1680.; The Behavioral and Social Sciences . Outlook and Needs. A Report by the Behavioral and Social Sciences Survey Committee under the auspices of the Committee on Science and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, and the

Self-Portrayal: <i>The Behavioral Sciences and the Federal Government</i> . National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1968. xviii, 110 pp. Paper, $3.25. NAS Publication 1680.; <i>The Behavioral and Social Sciences</i> . Outlook and Needs. A Report by the Behavioral and Social Sciences Survey Committee under the auspices of the Committee on Science and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, and the

Knowledge into Action. Improving the Nation's Use of the Social Sciences. Special Commission on the Social Sciences of the National Science Foundation Board. National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1969 (available from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C.). xxiv, 95 pp. Paper, 75

Knowledge into Action. Improving the Nation's Use of the Social Sciences. Special Commission on the Social Sciences of the National Science Foundation Board. National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1969 (available from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C.). xxiv, 95 pp. Paper, 75