National Destiny Research Articles

Financial Support of the Kazakhs to Türkiye in the First World War

The First World War significantly influenced the destinies of numerous peoples, nations, empires, and states throughout human history. The Ottoman Empire emerged as a major participant in this global conflict, engaging on multiple fronts against the Entente States. During the war, Türkiye conducted various political, military, intelligence, and espionage activities. Among these, the Ottoman Empire incited Muslim populations in the East to join in a religious war against the Entente States. Notably, religious and propaganda efforts were undertaken in Turkestan as part of the Pan-Islamist ideology among the Turkic-Muslim peoples under Russian rule. Conversely, the Turkic-Muslim peoples of Turkestan provided various forms of support to the Turks, including financial assistance from the Kazakhs. This study aims to examine the financial aid extended by the Kazakhs to the Turks during the war, conducting a historical analysis of the reasons, development, and outcomes of this support. The analysis delves into the motivations behind Kazakh financial aid to the Turks, its evolution over time, and its impact on the war effort. By exploring these aspects, we gain insights into the complex dynamics of support networks during the First World War.

Italia tra storia e storiografia. In cerca dell'identità nazionale

Starting from the fundamental studies of the historian Giuseppe Galasso and in the context of a close confrontation with the most experienced European historiography on these topics, the essay reconstructs some issues of the italian national identity through the different guidelines of the historiographical debate from the nineteenth century to today in a comparative and historical setting of european modernity. The centuries-old duration of the events related to the process of formation of the Italian identity, from the tradition of the Roman Empire to the Risorgimento and national independence, passing through the long domination of foreign powers, finally ended with the unification of the peninsula and the state-building in 1861. The most significant terms of the identity discourse are thus affirmed: territory and nation, whose underlying grounds, however, still struggle to find shared reasons for a unitary understanding of the national historical framework. In this respect the category of national identity starts its construction at the time of the Romantic ferments and remains intimately linked to those anthropological traits that would have provided to found in the mid-nineteenth century the community of Italians, finally rejoined under the frame of a new State. Not a single identity, therefore, but a multiplicity of references to the rich, centuries-old Italian cultural heritage, rethought in the light of a decisive season for national destinies.

Historical Meaning and the Care of the Soul: Ethical Reflections on the War in Ukraine with Edith Stein and Jan Patočka

ABSTRACT Amidst the human tragedy represented by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the ideological and historical justifications for the conflict as they have been framed by Russian president Vladimir Putin themselves call for a philosophical response and ethical critique. Putin’s political theological justification for the war, grounded in the commonalities of language, historical affinity, and ecclesial unity, which he posits constitute Ukraine and Russia as one people and justifies the imposition of Russian imperial authority over the Ukrainian state, is philosophically problematic and ultimately totalitarian. In contrast, the phenomenological philosophies of Edith Stein and Jan Patočka, whose political philosophies were shaped in spiritual resistance to similar ethnic and ideologically driven imperialisms of the twentieth century, offer resources for understanding and critiquing the world-historical interpretations of the meaning of civilization, peoplehood, and national destiny which drive Putin’s foreign policy, and which have important ethical and political implications far beyond the Ukraine/Russia conflict.

Sartorial commemoration of Princess Yennenga through Wiyaala’s War Costume Mimicry

History is an invaluable reflective resource for progressive national development. In Africa, various studies have delved into the memory lane to identify and commemorate past heroic or iconic figures for their diverse contributions to shaping the destinies of societies and nations. However, such commemorative studies are inexhaustive, as many unsung heroic or iconic figures still abound. One such unsung heroic figure is Princess Yennenga. The current study sets out to sartorially commemorate Princess Yennenga’s iconography by delving into Wiyaala mimicry of Princess Yennenga’s war costume regalia for a teaser movie shot by Mothertongue in Ghana. It adopted the methodological blueprint of qualitative historical design, with Wiyaala as the principal and homogeneous respondent purposively sampled and interviewed. An in-depth historical and thematic analysis of primary and secondary data found Princess Yennenga to be a warrioress of northern Ghanaian origin and the emblematic founding mother of the Mossi Kingdom in Burkina Faso. It was also established that the materiality, accessories, and props that constituted Wiyaala’s dramatic mimicry of Yennenga’s war costume were locally self-constructed. The study concludes that the wild, dramatic character projected by Wiyaala through her self-constructed war costume symbolically reimaged Princess Yennenga’s warrioress identity and thereby contributes to commemorating Yennenga’s heroic legacies in the historical development of the Dagomba and Mossi Kingdoms of Ghana and Burkina Faso, respectively. It will, therefore, be plausible if similar sartorial commemorative studies are conducted on other unsung heroic/iconic figures to highlight the instrumentality of costume art in heroic and iconic identity construction.

Distant Country, Paradise, Wilderness, or Mysterious World: The Changing Image of the South Sea (Nan’yō) Islands in Japanese Science Fiction

For Japan, “Nan’yō” is a geographical concept as well as a historical and cultural one. Taking the mid-Meiji period, post-World War I and II periods, and the beginning of the 21st century as its nodes, this paper examines various texts and compares the historical background of the South Sea Islands as imagined in Japanese science fiction, with a focus on both literature and films. The works of the four periods, through a distant view, close view, reconstruction and retrospection of the South Sea Islands, respectively, portray “Nan’yō” as a distant country for ambitious expansion; an earthly paradise of colonial ideals; a dangerous and exotic foreign land; and a mysterious world overrun with primitive civilization, with the aborigines are portrayed as ignorant and backward, and sometimes even being cast as unfamiliar and potentially threatening Others. Unlike the typical (anti-)utopian narrative, the Japanese “Nan’yō fantasy” is based on the political discourse model of civilization-backwardness, in which the differing attitudes towards the natural environment and primitive tribes reflect Japan’s ambivalence in defining its self-positioning within the cultural crossroads of the East and the West. This portrayal of Nan’yō is a product of the close interconnection between the mass media and the spirit of the times: a reflection of personal ideals and national destiny, as well as a collective vision interacting with social reality.

Influence of Islam on the stability and adaptability of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran

In the realm of Iran's political landscape, we find an extraordinary, indeed unique, system that has endured for over four decades. This intricate political framework is rooted in the Shia Islamic tradition, setting it apart from conventional political models. It is marked by a remarkable duality, where the secular and religious spheres of authority coexist in a delicate equilibrium. Furthermore, it boasts a dual legitimacy, with religious institutions wielding substantial influence over the state's affairs. The primary objective of this discourse lies in the assessment of the system's efficiency and adaptability within the context of Iran's socio-political environment. A profound exploration delves into the direct impact of Islam on the various political institutions and organizations that shape the nation's destiny. Thus, Islam emerges as a pivotal factor in not only maintaining political stability but also in ensuring the resilience of the entire political system. Contemporary Iran showcases a synthesis of republican and religious governing bodies, incorporating Western democratic principles with the Shia understanding of the Muslim community's life. While all republican authorities are elected through democratic processes, they remain subject to oversight by religious institutions. Notably, the past four decades have witnessed a greater consolidation of power in the hands of the Supreme Leader and religious entities at large. Elected leaders of the republican bodies have progressively emerged from the religious elite, blurring the lines between secular and religious domains. Consequently, mass civil protests are now directed not at a specific body, be it secular or religious, but rather at authority as a whole. Central to the stability of this system is the figure of the Supreme Leader. In a truly unique fashion, the Supreme Leader simultaneously embodies divine and democratic legitimacy, standing as an unparalleled entity within the governmental structure. The dynamics of political processes in Iran unveil a nuanced reality: religion, while not directly shaping political events, seamlessly integrates into the political framework, dominating it and ensuring the efficient operation of the state machinery. Temporarily, this arrangement proves capable of upholding stability, adaptability, and dynamism within Iran's political sphere. However, an alarming trend of religious authorities encroaching upon governmental powers gradually erodes the fundamental essence of Iran's dualistic religious-political system. As a result, the benefits of such a system, particularly in terms of fostering political and socio-economic equity, are placed in jeopardy.

Christian Virtues Illustrated in the Biography of the Great Buzau Politician – Alexandru Marghiloman – Craftsman of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania

Raised in the city of Buzău, Alexandru Marghiloman covers a special place in the gallery of great personalities who have served the destiny of the Romanian nation. He has been known in historiography as a standard of sophisticated elegance and, equally, carrying the stigma of controversy. Loved and respected by those who knew him closely, he simultaneously suffered the repudiation of his political opponents and of an appreciable segment of posterity, which ignored his deeply patriotic aspirations. Like an arch over time, the present study provides us with the prospect of a modest, sincere, scrutinizing and persevering approach to the religious-moral portrait of the great craftsman of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania. With ineffable joy we discover the weather-dusted face of a frank and sensitive aristocrat, with human weaknesses, but guided by the polar star of discreet Christian principles and virtues.

儒家哲学对当代青年修身的启示——基于《论语》文本的分析

Youth play a vital role as the architects and heirs of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and their moral development holds immense significance for the future and destiny of the Chinese nation. Confucian philosophy embodies timeless wisdom, and its educational value remains profoundly relevant in enhancing the moral character of contemporary youth. The Analects of Confucius stands as a pivotal representative work within Confucian philosophy, encapsulating benevolent ideals and the attributes of a noble individual, forming an integrated theoretical framework encompassing objectives, content, and the path to personal development. This paper conducts an analysis of ‘The Analects of Confucius’ to elucidate the value of Confucian philosophy in the self-cultivation of contemporary youth, focusing on five key facets: the moral agent, primary origins, significant pathways, specific endeavors, and ultimate goals. The objective is to provide valuable insights to aid contemporary youth in enhancing their moral development and nurturing their virtuous character.

Irish ex-servicemen, post-war reconstruction and the Empire Settlement Act

ABSTRACT This essay considers Irish participation in schemes for empire settlement, and its place in broader visions for reconstruction based on wartime promises and pledges. With Southern Irish independence in 1922, Irish ex-servicemen were subsequently excluded from reconstructive activities as it concerned emigration, and this became a key advocacy point for Legion activity in Ireland. The history of Empire Settlement in the Free State reveals the tensions that existed between moral and financial interest set against a backdrop of progressive separation of Irish national destinies from the U.K. and its Empire.

Reading the Identity of Dark Heritage Sites: A Peircean Semiotic Methodology

Shared symbolism and ideology at dark heritage sites construct the narrative of a collective national destiny. Visitors’ experiences with such sites necessarily involve decoding signs and symbols. The commonality in interpretative practices is rooted in “collateral knowledge” and forms the identity of place. Yet, cultural materiality, collective identities, and semiotics have been overlooked by dark tourism academia. In broader tourism studies, semiotic attempts lack methodological homogeneity and congruence and efforts to transpose Charles Peirce’s semiotic theory into practical experiential methodologies are scarce. This study introduces a practical, systematic, and replicable semiotic methodology for reading the identity of dark heritage sites. This methodology revolves around three interconnected Peircean concepts: the sign, the collateral knowledge, and the sign’s relationship to its dynamical object. It is proposed that reading the indexical, iconical, and symbolical functions of signs through the filter of collateral knowledge can ensure a systematic meaning-making process and reveal subtle influences.

Azərbaycan və Türkiyə Diasporlarının Beynəlxalq Fəaliyyətinin Konseptual Məsələlər

The article mentions that the modern realities of the world, which are rapidly changing against the background of uncertain rules of the 21st century, pose important tasks of historical significance and national destiny to the Peoples. The processes of integration between states, the events taking place in the political landscape of the planet indicate that human civilization has entered a new stage of development. At the same time, the current situation increases the place and role of the diaspora in bilateral and multilateral relations. In this regard, Azerbaijan and Turkey have a great responsibility in the field of working with the diaspora. The joint activity of the Turkish-Azerbaijani diaspora manifests itself in several directions. These directions are mainly to fight the Armenian propaganda about the "Armenian genocide" in the world, to bring the facts of the Armenia-Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, acts of vandalism committed by Armenians against Azerbaijanis to the attention of the world community. During the Karabakh war, especially the Khojaly tragedy, to ensure the awareness of the interesting peace and to take necessary steps for the restoration of justice.

Moss and Monuments: Hawthorne’s Curation of Decay at the Old Manse

ABSTRACT In the prefatory sketch “The Old Manse,” Nathaniel Hawthore’s narrator vigorously objects to the way his family is traumatically uprooted along with the Manse’s eponymous mosses. This article considers that moment—as well as Nathaniel and Sophia’s broader account of life at the Manse and the neighboring Concord Battlefield in their Common Journal of 1842–43—in order to revise our understanding of Hawthorne’s relationship to revolutionary history, politics, and monuments. By grappling with the pervasive, nearly paradoxical, problem of establishing traditions in a nation founded upon revolutionary rupture, Hawthorne moves toward begrudging endorsements of decay as both degenerative and regenerative agent. Far from undoing the work of memory, the disintegration brought about by natural actants (such as moss) produce modes of relationship that inoculate against presentist and teleological senses of national destiny. However, even as Hawthorne seeks to preserve certain forms of historical consciousness, he risks downplaying the labor of women and revolutionaries. Despite these limitations, this article concludes that Hawthorne’s counter-monumental aesthetic models a broader paradigm that is neither straightforwardly preservationist nor prone to abrupt historical erasure: in which natural agents of decay eat away at the nationalist narratives concretized by memorials and thereby reveal the constructed nature of historical memory.

"THE TEARS THAT FLOWED, THINKING ABOUT ALAS..." (BASED ON D. ASHIMKHANULY'S STORY "CRAZY WIND")

The article deals with the story "Crazy wind" by Didakhmet Ashimkhanuly, who crossed the sacred threshold of literature in the seventies and eighties and managed to find his place in a short time. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the writer's skill, reveal the fruit of the writer's creative imagination, the novelty of the artistic tool in revealing the psychology of the character's personality. In addition, the personality of the protagonist, the cognitive and artistic place of the fictional story combined with the legend is proved. We tried to study the possibility of helping to reveal the educational value of the work with specific examples. The work concludes the description of the character's personality in connection with nature, the search for the inner world of man, the contradictory feelings in man, the unity of the plot to describe the fate of the country, the glorification of human qualities. Analyzing the success of the writer's work in the years of independence, focusing on his short stories, stories, journalistic essays, works in the genres of literary criticism, we see that his works are associated with the complex issues of modern society, such as social change, national values, national destiny. The research deals with the issues of national goals, mother tongue, spiritual immorality in the works of the author. It is emphasized that the writer connects his creative skills with the emergence of new technologies (children talk not with their parents, but with the mirror, no one understands what they are talking about, that is, talking with the internet), which contributes to the development of fiction. Focusing freely on the issues of the inability to preserve the national mentality (a bull on a calf, girls on a boy, a naked knife, a demonic dance, a frantic state), social situation (tribal life, the fate of the nation, etc.), the writer tries to show the aspirations of the spiritually degenerate tribes for material wealth, trying to reveal the peculiarities of the mentality and national identity of each tribe, turning to small episodes that form the basis of everyday life of Obyr, Zhebir, Orman tribes. The details are interesting and different, thus enriching the ideological and artistic content of the story.

The Destiny of Phenomenology: Gadamer on Value, Globalism, and the Growth of Being

The Destiny of Phenomenology: Gadamer on Value, Globalism, and the Growth of Being

Analysis of the theme of motherhood in contemporary Uzbek cinema

This article addresses the validity of the maternal discourse in films, as it builds a certain model for young viewers. Cinema is a powerful medium for addressing important topics and encouraging debates about pressing social issues. Movies covering a wide range of sensitive themes help raise the audience’s awareness, foster civic consciousness, and ensure public morality and its spread. In societies where a woman’s primary duty has historically been defined by her capacity to produce and raise children, cinema is effective for reinforcing and shaping opinions about women’s social roles and their “natural destiny.” Frequently, women are brought into the narrative exclusively through the motherly function or the supposed motherhood—girlfriend or bride. This can also be seen in Uzbek cinema’s approach to expressing femininity, which is tied not only to the cultural custom of honoring mothers but also to the peculiarities of the maternal discourse. However, motherhood, mothers, and their portrayal onscreen reveal much more about society, culture, and the messages they transmit have real-life impacts.

My Encounter with Early Modern Ukraine

DOI: 10.47632/2786-717X-2022-1-77-88 УДК 94(=161.2)(71)“19/20”(092) Як цитувати: Zenon Kohut, My Encounter with Early Modern Ukraine, Ukrainian Historical Review / Український історичний огляд, I | 2022, 77-88. Zenon Kohut My Encounter with Early Modern Ukraine In this article Canadian historian reflects on his intellectual biography and on the changes in the field of early modern Ukrainian history during the last fifty years. He emphasizes the role of academic communities of the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard University in his formation as a historian of early modern Ukraine. His affiliation with the Ukrainian chairs at Harvard and intellectual guidance of Oleksander Ohloblyn and Omeljan Pritsak played an especially important role in this regard. Having completed a thesis on the abolition of the Hetmanate’s autonomy in the late eighteenth-century Russia Empire, in the early 1990s he became a director of the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies where in cooperation with Frank Sysyn and Serhii Plokhy he founded an informal laboratory of early modern Ukrainian history. Zenon Kohut’s research in the 1990s and 2000s has been focused on the Russo-Ukrainian unity myth on the one hand and on the preconditions of the Ukrainian distinctiveness in the early modern period – on the other. It led him to the examination of the early modern Ukrainian history writing and identity-building. He was one of the first who demonstrated Ukrainian contribution to the emergence of the “traditional scheme of Russian history” – an imperial narrative in which Ukrainians and Russians are treated as offshoots of the same people sharing a common historical legacy, a common Orthodox faith, and, therefore, a common national destiny. Kohut’s studies of the early modern Ukrainian historiography and political thought focused on the evolution of such concepts as fatherland and nation. His pioneering works on the emergence and evolution of the Little-Russian identity in the Hetmanate conceptualized these developments as an important stage in the early modern Ukrainian nation-building. The article concludes with the presentation of Kohut’s ongoing project – a monograph on the political culture of Cossack Ukraine from 1569 to 1714 – which aims to synthesize his semicentennial research into the early modern Ukrainian history. References Chynczewska-Hennel Teresa. Świadomość narodowa szlachty ukraińskiej i kozaczyzny od schyłku XVI do połowy XVII w. Warsaw 1985. [In Polish.] Gat Azar. Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism. Cambridge 2012. Hen-Konarski Tomasz. No Longer Just Peasants and Priests: The Most Recent Studies on Nation Building in Nineteenth-Century Ukraine // European History Quarterly 45/4 (2015) 727–728. Kappeler Andreas. The Russian Empire: A Multiethnic History. Abingdon 2013. Kas’ianov Heorhiy. Teorii natsii ta natsionalizmu. Kyiv 1999. [In Ukrainian.] Kohut E. Zenon. Korinnia identychnosti: studii z rann'omodernoi ta modernoi istorii Ukrainy. Kyiv 2004. [In Ukrainian.] Kohut E. Zenon. Making Ukraine: Studies on Political Culture, Historical Narrative, and Identity. Toronto 2010. [In Ukrainian.] Kohut E. Zenon. Russian Centralism and Ukrainian Autonomy: Imperial Absorption of the Hetmanate, 1760s – 1830s. Cambridge 1988. [In Ukrainian.] Кohut E. Zenon. The Question of Russo-Ukrainian Unity and Ukrainian Distinctiveness in Early Modern Ukrainian Thought and Culture // Culture, Nation, and Identity. The Ukrainian-Russian Encounter (1600–1945) / ed. A. Kappeler et al. Edmonton – Toronto 2003, p. 57–86. Portnov Andrii et al. Whose Language Do We Speak? Some Reflections on the Master Narrative of Ukrainian History Writing // Ab Imperio 4 (2020) 88–129. Yakovenko Natalia. Dzerkala identychnosti: doslidzhennia z istorii uiavlen’ ta idei v Ukraini XVI – pochatku XVIII stolittia. Kyiv 2012. [In Ukrainian.] Yakovenko Natalia. Paralel’nyi svit: doslidzhennia z istorii uiavlen’ ta idei v Ukraini XVI–XVII st. Kyiv 2002. [In Ukrainian.] Yakovenko Natalia. Ukrains’ka shliakhta z kintsia XIV do seredyny XVII st. Volyn’ i Tsentral’na Ukraina. Kyiv 2008. [In Ukrainian.]

Scandinavian Exceptionalisms: Culture, Society, Discourse

Scandinavian Exceptionalisms: Culture, Society, Discourse

Periphery and Forefront: The Evolution of the Status of Coastal Areas and Territorial Seas in Ancient Zhoushan Islands

In the early stage of China, due to the mainland regime’s control over the Zhoushan Islands, the sea border of Zhoushan Islands was in the marginal position of the country. This marginal position was caused by objective reasons, namely “objective periphery”. The abandonment of the county-level administrative system of Zhoushan Islands in the Tang Dynasty due to Yuan Chao’s uprising in Wengshan was a subjective marginalization of the status of Zhoushan Islands in the sea, that is, “subjective periphery”. The subjective periphery is completely different from the objective periphery in nature. It reflects the consciousness of the rulers at that time on a more important level. The maritime policy towards Zhoushan Islands in the Song and Yuan Dynasties not only reflected the ruler’s consciousness and the positive attitude of active openness in policy, but also reflected the forefront status of Zhoushan Islands, which was the “active forefront” period of Zhoushan Islands. The maritime embargo policy and port closure policy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are the manifestation of the rulers’ active periphery of Zhoushan Islands, but Zhoushan Islands is still the passive forefront of the national sea. The changes of the policies of the successive regimes towards the sea and forefront of Zhoushan Islands are not only the embodiment of the national consciousness at that time, but also the embodiment of the national destiny.

寒暄堂 金宏弼, 그리고 道東書院을 기억하는 방법

This paper was written to examine descendents’ views and memories on Han Hwondang Kim Goengpil and Do-dong Seowon in Hyeonpung, Daegu, which has enshrined him, by referencing to others’ Chinese poems collected in anthologies. There remains no Kim Goengpil’s anthologies, so only Gyeonghyeonrok(景賢錄) may seem to be selected as a reference for him, but there are, however, few writings of him, and therefore, it is difficult to investigate his scholarly career and guarantee the objectivity of the contents collected in them, as there are a lot of literature regarding the post-evaluation for Chujeung(追贈) and Gajeung(加贈). Hence, the Chinese poems collected in others’ anthologies were examined to show that the birth and death dates of authors from the contemporary figures who directly interacted with Kim Goengpil to Myeon-u Gwak Jongseok who lived in the 20th century are evenly distributed, and that the subjects of Chinese poems recited primarily include the text of ‘Sohak(小學)’ on which he concentrated his efforts for a life; Hapcheon and Geochang, in which he often stayed when he was young; Huicheon and Suncheon, in which he stayed twice due to Sahwa(史禍); and Hyeonpung in which Do-dong Seowon is placed. Main places recited in the Chinese poems include Sohakdang(小學堂) and Jidongam(志同巖), the spaces used for the lectures conducted together with Jeong Yeochang in Hapcheon; Supodae(水瀑臺) in which he strolled about together with his sister’s husbands, Choi Sukryang and Jeong Yeochang and Mohyeongjeong(慕賢亭) which Choi Sukryang’s decendents constructed to celebrate the meeting of them in Geochang; and the site in which an old house is located and Do-dong Seowon in Hyeonpung. In the process, the contemporary poetry and prose about Kim Goengpil were created by concentrating on grief and reverence for him who suffered from political vicissitudes, but shifted the authors’ focus to the space of Do-dong Seowon, generation after generation, probably implying that the descendents regard Kim Goengpil as a past figure, but view Do-dong Seowon as an existent space before their eyes. Although the title board for Do-dong Seonwon was bestowed in the first half of the 17th century, Jeyeongsi(題詠詩) about it primarily consist of works created by literary men who lived in the 18th-19th century, which may be associated with the situation in which the contemporary intellectuals suffered from serious chaos caused by foreign countries’ reckless invasion. Do-dong Seowon was memorized by intellectuals who faced the modern transition period, not only as the space for reverence for Kim Goeingpil and for junior scholars’ lectures. The intellectuals, who might be more concerned about the role of Confucianism than ever, thus attempted to memorize Do-dong Seowon as the space for wishing the recovery of the national destiny, the revival of Confucianism and the succession of Confucian philosophy.

Interpretation of Fate and Guilt in Armenian and European Epics

The subject of the current article is that, for the first time in the study, the issues of the relationship between fate and sin in European-Armenian heroic epics were analyzed using historical, comparative methods. Perceptions of both fate and guilt are quite different in French, German, Spanish and Armenian epics. This approach examines the works of epic heritage, not so much external plot similarities and differences but internal worldview perceptions. The purpose of the study is to reveal the internal commonalities and peculiarities between European and Armenian epics. As a result, the authors put forward the thesis that, in European epics, fate is alienated from a person and is personified in “Sasna Tsrer”, it originates from the individual and returns to him and is not personified. As a result, in European epics, guilt is seen as a consequence of an act; in “Sasna Tsrer”, guilt is a state that turns into a national destiny.