National Elements Research Articles

International schools in an era of rising nationalism: a tug-of-war between cosmopolitan and national forces

ABSTRACT A rise of nationalism worldwide presents complex challenges for international schools, which have long been regarded as archetypes of cosmopolitanism in education. In this article, we apply the concept of cosmopolitan nationalism to investigate how interplays between cosmopolitanism and nationalism manifest in practice at international schools. We conducted a multi-site case study of five international high schools in the Pearl Delta River region in Southern China, covering cases in Guangdong Province (Guangzhou and Shenzhen), Hong Kong (two schools), and Macao. Through field observations, website analyses, and interviews (n = 105) with principals, teachers, parents, and students, we provide descriptive snapshots of each case. Three major findings demonstrated a ‘tug-of-war’ between cosmopolitan and national forces: (1) diversity in how cosmopolitan education is interpreted and implemented, (2) a growing influence of nationalism on educational objectives and practices, and (3) counterbalancing resistance to nationalistic elements grounded in cosmopolitan values. These points are discussed in light of a newly adapted schematic depiction of cosmopolitan nationalism at the school-level. To conclude, we reflect on how a balance of rootedness linked to national belonging, pride, and traditions along with cosmopolitan learning environments that promote openness to the world may represent the future of international schooling.

THE PROBLEM OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN MARTIN MCDONAGH’S THE BEAUTY QUEEN OF LEENANE

The end of the nineteenth century was a turning point for Irish theatre with the establishment of the Irish Literary Theatre as playwrights attempted to write national plays disengaging from the British theatre. This period is known as the Celtic Revival, a period of building a national identity both by political and cultural action, during which the playwrights contributed to the rejuvenation of the old Irish myths and traditions. However, at the end of the twentieth century when Ireland became a multicultural country with multiple identities, and opened to the outer world politically and economically, the Irish theatre, too, started to change its outlook by problematizing the nationalistic elements of Irishness instead of glorifying the national and cultural values. The Irish playwright, Martin McDonagh has also maintained a pluralist approach challenging the traditional and national elements in his plays. Instead of adhering to a national identity, McDonagh believes in cultural pluralism to adapt to the new century. McDonagh’s pluralist approach will be discussed with Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of ‘nomadic identity’ and ‘rhizome’. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how McDonagh problematizes the national identity in The Beauty Queen of Leenane by portraying characters, who are incarcerated by meaningless national values and norms.

They shall not pass? The role of supply-side factors in the electoral breakthrough of VOX and Chega

ABSTRACT No country is immune to the electoral success of populist radical right (PRR) parties: Spain and Portugal seemed to be the exception to this rule because, for decades, PRR parties remained relegated to the margins of the Iberian political systems. However, in 2019 VOX and Chega gained parliamentary representation: how did they manage to obtain their historic electoral breakthrough? From a supply-side perspective, we use the Party Manifesto dataset to show that VOX and Chega chose to position themselves within the existing political space and cleavages in ways that set them apart from the competition. VOX exploited the Spanish centre-periphery cleavage insisting on strong nationalist elements while advocating for increased centralization, while Chega insisted on personal freedom and welfare limitation to break the ties with the political system born out of the Carnation Revolution.

Determinism and Descent: A Naturalistic Exploration of Human Tragedy in Shakespeare's 'King Lear' and Its Lasting Impact on Literary Traditions

This research paper examines the influence of naturalism on literature, focusing on its emergence in the late 19th century and its lasting impact through an analysis of William Shakespeare's 'King Lear.' Naturalism, rooted in scientific determinism, aimed to realistically portray human existence shaped by external forces. The paper explores how 'King Lear' serves as a significant naturalistic work, delving into themes of flawed decisions, betrayal, the inexorable march of time, and the interplay between individual agency and cosmic forces. Shakespeare's characters in 'King Lear' reflect the naturalistic approach to character development, exhibiting psychological depth influenced by their environment and circumstances. The play offers a deterministic vision, aligning with naturalistic principles, and explores the consequences of human choices within a larger cosmic context. The influence of Shakespeare on subsequent naturalistic writers is evident in their nuanced characters and societal explorations. Analyzing 'King Lear' through interconnected naturalistic elements—character motivations, societal structures, and the inexorable march of fate—reveals how Lear's motivations, shaped by societal expectations, lead to a tragic cascade of events. Symbolism and imagery in the play amplify naturalistic themes, such as the storm representing the chaos of human existence. The cathartic experience of tragedy in 'King Lear' is rooted in the naturalistic portrayal of life's harsh realities, prompting reflection on the broader human experience. Diverse critical interpretations, from deterministic readings to discussions on individual agency, add complexity to the naturalistic exploration, inviting readers to engage with the text from various perspectives.

Exploring the restorative benefits of work in smart working structures on vacations in small villages.

Processes of redefinition of work, already in place in the pre-pandemic era, with the advent of COVID-19, have become widely required. A "model of work" that uses new technologies and the development of existing ones to improve workers' performance and satisfaction has emerged. Smart working has changed how people work and, as a result, spaces must also change to support them. The use of prefabricated movable buildings (PMB) could represent an opportunity to create smart (and co-) working spaces in a regenerative contest. Small villages with historical, architectural, and naturalistic elements and slow-life features are potential platforms where vacation and work could merge easily. This paper aims to establish if working in movable offices, like the PMBs, which provide a high level of visual and acoustics interaction with the surroundings, and which is positioned in small villages' squares, can affect workers' sense of restoration and working performance. In a laboratory setting, in the SENS i-Lab, a videowall and a 3D spatial audio system were used to compare, in terms of restorativeness and self-reported cognitive performance, the effects of a high-rise building context of a City Business District (CBD), i.e. the control scenario, and of two typical squares of small Italian villages with historic buildings, without (HIS) and with water elements (HIS-W). The findings of the experimental sessions showed that when working in close contact (visual and auditory) with historical or water elements, where life flows slowly, workers perceived a higher sense of restoration while job performance was unchanged. Implementing smart working policies in small villages that encourage the use of energy-efficient prefabricated movable buildings and that offer a high level of visual and acoustic interaction with the surrounding environment may represent a promising strategy to foster the development of the local economy and contrast the depopulation of small villages, improving the worker well-being and the reducing the impact of their activities of the environment.

The effect of visual rivalry in peripheral head-mounted displays on mobility

Recent head-mounted displays and smart glasses use vision multiplexing, an optical approach where two or more views are superimposed on each other. In vision multiplexing, augmented information is presented over an observer’s natural field of view, providing field expansion and critical information during mobility situations like walking and driving. Yet despite its utility, vision multiplexing may produce visual rivalry, a phenomenon where perception alternates between the augmented information and the background scene for seconds at a time. To investigate, we compared the effect of different peripheral vision multiplexing configurations (unilateral opaque, unilateral see-through and bilateral see-through) on the detection of augmented information, incorporating at the same time real-world characteristics (target eccentricity, depth condition, and gaze movement) for a more realistic assessment. Results showed a persistently lower target detection rate in unilateral configurations than the bilateral configuration, suggesting a larger effect of binocular rivalry on target visibility. Nevertheless, this effect does become attenuated when more naturalistic elements are incorporated, and we discuss recommendations for vision multiplexing design and possible avenues for further research.

Moved to distraction: the ritual theatre of the Fire Festival in Southwest China

ABSTRACT What does it mean to be ‘moved to distraction’ by ritual theatre? Each year the Nuosu, a Tibeto-Burman group of Southwest China, may be moved by their Fire Festival competitions, pageantries, and ‘extravaganzas’, but not necessarily by the Chinese nationalist elements within them. Simulating the pageants of Chinese megacities, Fire Festival extravaganzas meld Nuosu myth-history, animistic imagery, and ‘minority culture’ with the Chinese Dream of prosperity, the party-state’s efforts at generating cohesion, and the soft power of stadium rock concerts. Many Nuosu are abducted into the mood of performances that evoke what is archetypically human for them, including their myth-historical relationships to Tibetans and Han Chinese. But while some Nuosu may experience frisson and the giddy sense of being moved to distraction by spectacles that celebrate China as a socialist superpower, many turn away from ritual theatre that challenges their cosmopolitics and their sense of what it means to be human.

Türkiye’nin Kıbrıs Meselesine ve Doğu Akdeniz Sorununa Karşı Değişen Politikaları

A main objective of this article is to examine the underlying reasons behind the collapse of the reunification talks on Cyprus aimed at a federal model. Another aim of the article is to analyze Türkiye’s assertive policy in the Eastern Mediterranean. A major argument is that the disruption of the balance of power with respect to the Cyprus problem in favor of the Greek Cypriots after 2004 and the lack of a shared Cypriot identity were fundamental causes of the failure of the talks. The study also contends that the emergence of a siege mentality after the July 2016 coup plot in Türkiye, together with its economic and military strengthening, the rise of multi-polarity in international politics, and diminishing EU political sway in the country, incentivized Türkiye to pursue an active foreign policy agenda in the Eastern Mediterranean. This study concludes that the failure of long-standing negotiations to reach a federal settlement on the island and the comfortable position obtained by the Greek Cypriot Administration (GCA) in the negotiations vis-à-vis the Turkish side following the accession to the EU together with Türkiye’s nationalist posture after 2016 and the deepening of the identity dilemma among the Greek and Turkish Cypriots over the course of time induced Türkiye to shelve a federal solution to the Cyprus issue and return to a pre-2002 two-state solution. The article also concludes that Türkiye was further prompted to take an independent course in the Eastern Mediterranean by the combination of a number of factors: the rapprochement between the AKP Government and nationalist elements in the country after the 2016 coup plot, the militarization of its foreign policy, Türkiye’s perception that the West was in decline, the decreased credibility and thus leverage over Türkiye of EU political conditionality, Brussels’ shortcomings regarding a common security and foreign policy and the rise in Türkiye’s military and economic capabilities.

Connections between populism and nationalism: Evidence from Jair Bolsonaro's speeches

AbstractRecent studies have warned about the close relationship between populism and nationalism. This article offers an empirical contribution to the examination of this relationship by analysing the presence of populist and nationalist elements in the official speeches of the outgoing Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro. We make two contributions to this expanding literature. First, we show that the supposed ambiguity between populism and nationalism can be resolved by an approach that clearly separates the two concepts. Second, we find that Bolsonaro is more populist than nationalist. His populism has elements in common with other European populist leaders (attacking political parties and the political class), but he distances himself from them by presenting authoritarian traits. Nativism is completely absent (unlike in Europe), but ‘sovereignism’ (‘us’ vs. ‘other nations or institutions’) and ‘civilisationism’ (‘us’ vs. ‘minorities’) sometimes overlap with populism. We conclude that a tension exists between populism and nationalism that can endanger the ‘good’ relationship between the populist leader and their supporters. This is something that future research on populism should consider.

Cosmopolitan nationalism as an analytical lens: Four articulations in education policy

Cosmopolitanism and nationalism are often presented in binary terms, as standing in opposition to each other, especially with regards to education. In this paper, we establish a framework for studying education policy today through the lens of a concept we have developed: ‘cosmopolitan nationalism’. Many education systems around the world are grappling with and simultaneously integrating both cosmopolitan and nationalist elements in policy objectives, curricular content and pedagogic approaches. Through an in-depth analysis of three country examples – China, the US and Israel – we outline four different manifestations of education policy that can be explained by employing the analytical lens of cosmopolitan nationalism: (i) the increasing prominence and visibility of the International Baccalaureate within these three public education systems; (ii) reforms of specific curricula elements and pedagogies legitimised with reference to approaches assessed as globally leading through international assessments; (iii) efforts to promote national education systems as international beacons of best practice; (iv) creation of alternative education provisions that are promoted globally for very specific purposes and populations. We argue that, given our heterogeneous sample of case study countries, and careful analysis of these, a cosmopolitan nationalism lens offers important insights into education policy-making today which has the potential to be applied in other contexts.

A Linguistic Critique on Naturalism in Thomas Hardy's Novel 'The Mayor of Casterbridge'

This research linguistically explores the naturalistic elements in Thomas Hardy's book "The Mayor of Casterbridge" i.e., Immanent will, fate, the Law of Nature, and Naturalism as a whole are the main naturalist tenets that are considered. This research investigates how various forces, such as immanent will, fate, and natural laws, interact to determine and frame a person's actions and life. This study looks into the impact of coincidence and chance in our lives. A man is not solely accountable for his actions which lead to his miserable destiny, and it is also explored that free will is not entirely free. According to this research work, nature significantly impacts how our lives are affected. Regardless of our decisions and desires, our lives are directed and governed by an absolute force known as Immanent Will. According to the research, because natural law controls every aspect of human life, all people are subject to it.

Ukrainian Literary Naturalism in the Ideological and Aesthetic Reception of Lesia Ukrainka

The article deals with the study of the problem of Lesia Ukrainka's reception of the literary phenomenon of naturalism and the philosophy of positivism as its ideological basis. It also studies the way the poetess evaluated and looked at the achievements of European and Ukrainian writers representing this literary movement in the context of world and Ukrainian literary and cultural processes. The research also singles out the significance, national and individual-author features of the naturalism professed by I. Franko, A. Krymsky, E. Zola, Goncourt brothers, and F.Norris. The article focuses on the ideological and aesthetic importance of the postulates of naturalistic art for the development of the Ukrainian literary process. It also analyses different stages of the ideological and aesthetic reception of the naturalism doctrine in the perception of different generations of Ukrainian literary critics; it deals with Lesya Ukrainka's attitude to the naturalistic concept of a man and her reasoning about the compatibility of naturalism with certain genres and movements of literature. The article drives to the conclusion that Lesia Ukrainka recognizes the very fact of the existence of Ukrainian naturalism. It provides Lesia's vision on the usage of naturalistic elements in generally unnaturalist works and their combination with other elememts, sometimes representative of opposite to naturalism in their ideological and aesthetic postulates, such as romanticism, decadence, neo-romanticism, realism, etc. The article also provides an insight of Lesia Ukrainka's attitude to the problems of zoomorphic imagery, social involvement, physiological scientism in the literature of naturalism. It draws attention to the problem of the evolution of aesthetic consciousness of E. Zola, I. Franko, A. Krymsky, and Lesia Ukrainka herself. There is also place for the comparative analysis of the perception of naturalism in the literary-critical reception of different generations of Ukrainian and foreign writers.

Chosen trauma and saffronization of India

The research undertakes the structural transformation of India by the ideology of Hindutva embodied by the contemporary government of the Bhartiya Janata Party. This study is a first of its kind as it attempts to decipher the genesis of this metamorphosis from a psychoanalytical perspective. India has been accredited as a stalwart of democracy and an uploader of an inclusive multicultural and multireligious society. The interplay of Hindu nationalist elements and reinvigoration of past experiences supplemented by historical myths and present ontological insecurities has consequently plagued the secular fabric of India. The study further explicates all the undercurrents and nuances that underscore the ideology of Hindutva, the proselytized culture of victimization and indigenization in society resultantly impacting the society and relations of state in the region.

Strategic Role of Taiwanese Acrobatics in the Cultural Diplomacy of the Republic of China since the Cold War

As an Eastern physical sport and art form, acrobatics has undergone a historical evolution to become a key aspect of Taiwan’s sports culture diplomacy in restoring its international status since the Cold War. This study outlines the rationale for Taiwan’s acrobatics diplomacy based on its cross-strait relations with China while examining its course of action and outcomes through archived documents, interview materials, and secondary literature. With these data, this study offers a new perspective for cross-strait acrobatics exchanges in diverse regions including Asia. The analysis shows that global performances of acrobatics troupes promoted Taiwan’s acrobatic culture. Additionally, even when private troupe performances served commercial interests, the performers often incorporated nationalistic elements to highlight the country’s sovereignty and counteract China’s large-scale acrobatic activities. After the Cold War, the state-run Taiwan Acrobatic Troupe became the main tool for displaying its soft power that integrates the sports cultural elements of Taiwan’s diverse ethnic groups. The growing exposure of Taiwan’s acrobatics skills in international art and cultural festivals has set the stage for the international recognition of its political status. However, in terms of real outcomes regarding sovereign status, acrobatics soft strategy still needs to combine hard policy measures.

Knowing oneself and one’s home country: Reflections on Fang Junbi's experiences from the perspectives of emotions and feminist history

Fang Junbi 方君璧 was a famous Chinese female painter of the twentieth century and a core member of the Wang Jingwei 汪精衛 clique. As an intellectual woman of both the old and new eras, she had fierce national affection and patriotic zeal and also held moral ideals on the lasting loyalty and unchanging nature of love and friendship. During World War II she experienced the loss of country and family and the course of Wang Jingwei seeking peace with Japan. While extremely pained internally, her feelings for Wang remained as strong as ever, and when he fell gravely ill she risked her life to travel to Japan to be with him. Wang gave her an inkstone as a parting gift, signifying that the affection between the two was as solid as stone. During the 1970s she accepted an invitation to return to China where she witnessed the historic achievements of New China and sincerely identified with the Communist Party of China and its revolutionary culture. Knowing herself and her home country was the deepest sentiment of her life, and these two sentiments cannot be fully accounted for using the narrative of "women's liberation" in Chinese revolution or Western feminist discourse. Through the winding path of affection in the deep spiritual connection between Fang Junbi and her sister Fang Junying 方君瑛, her husband Zeng Zhongming 曾仲鳴, and her teacher and friend Wang Jingwei, we can understand their personalities, values, and modes of behavior, enriching our knowledge of the world of affection, ethics, and souls of modern Chinese female intellectuals, and providing resources for reflecting on the personal growth of women today.

NATURALISM IN THE SHORT STORY OF WILLIAM FAULKNER’S “A ROSE FOR EMILY’

Abstract 
 A Rose For Emily is a short story by Mississippi born William Faulkner, first published in 1930. This story does not tell only about a lonely woman but also tells about a person who is forced to lead an isolated life; it is about her mental state due to her abused childhood that made her isolate herself. She lived in isolated. The vicitudes of Miss Emily’s life remain a mystery until the very end of the story. Although the actions are not visible to the reader, but the narrator evidently describes herphysical appearance and the environtment she lives in. The detailed characterization resembles Naturalist literary characterization – an accurate description of the protagonist’s deplorable physical condition and a pessimist and negative vision of the character.Furthermore the realistic description of Miss Emily’s house highlights the decaying image of the setting, that reflects the protagonist’s own state of mind. The surprising end of the story is also a common characteristic in Naturalist narration.
 There is a considerable amount of social impact and paternal influence reflected in Emily’s isolated and neurotic state of mind and this similarity proves the Naturalist point view of life- human s are conditioned by gebelogical, family and social condition.
 Naturalism in the Short Story of William Faulkner ‘s A Rose for Emily, is as the title of her research and
 the objective of this research is to find out the elements of Naturalism in the short story of William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily and why those elements are found in the short story. The methodology
 used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method.
 The findings of the research are 2 (two) elements of Naturalism, they are Determinism and Setting. Those elements are found in the short story are William Faulkner wants to tell that Emily’s father is as the cause that makes her not married until die. Her father is the one man who keeps her single by chasing away all her suitors as it can be seen through the analysis in part 4.1.1 and part 4.1.2.
 Besides that, the present generations that cannot accept her, coz of the past law that concerns with the tax pay which makes her free from the payment in past law.
 The status of the persons that come from the different locations, such as Emily from the South and Homer from the North. Between the aristocratic person and the laborer that become an obstacle in their relationship.
 Key words : Naturalism, Elements of Naturalism, Environtment, Sociology of Literature, Short Story

Krew i brud. Uwagi na temat estetyki oraz poetyki opisów śmierci w cyklu o wiedźminie Andrzeja Sapkowskiego

Andrzej Sapkowski’s The Witcher series is the first Polish fantasy series that has gained so much popularity. When Sapkowski published his first story — The Witcher — in 1986, fantasy literature wasn’t well-known in Poland. In fact Polish readers, who were interested in fantasy, would mainly know John R.R. Tolkien’s novels like The Hobbit, Or Thete and Back Again, The Lord of the Rings or Silmarillion, all belonging to mythopoeic fantasy. Sapkowski’s story was vastly different from them, because the Polish author referred to sword and sorcery literature, which at that time was little-known in Poland. He created an interesting protagonist and a dark, vicious world, full of violence and graphic descriptions of death.
 It appears that one of the main factors having an influence on the huge popularity of the series, may be the attempt to shock the reader by using a unique construction of the presented world, which contains a lot of graphic violent imagery. This article presents those methods of description of death and violence in The Witcher series to present why they are so interesting to the readers and what makes them stand out from the rest of similar descriptions in Polish fantasy literature.
 The analysis is divided into several parts. The first part presents the influence of Sapkowski’s debut story on Polish fantasy literature. The second part contains the analysis of the dynamics of descriptions of death. The third and the fourth focus on showing the individualisation of death in The Witcher series and on detail exposure. The next part presents the narrative treatments used by Sapkowski to increase the impact of the literary images of death, for example changes of a narrative perspective. The last part of the article presents naturalistic elements of the descriptions and explains what functions they perform in the text.

Envisioning a Dystopian, Post-Christian Society in P. Anderson Graham’s The Collapse of Homo Sapiens

Abstract As one of many contemporary British dystopian novels, P. Anderson Graham’s 1923 The Collapse of Homo Sapiens envisaged Britain in the twenty-second century as a devastated society that has largely reverted to a primitive, non-Christian state. However, a remnant of the surviving population has memories of the religious dimensions of national life, helping them to cope with the exigencies of their meagre existence. A modest revival of the faith of their forebears ensues, which in turn triggers a reaction against the re-assertion of Christianity by nationalistic elements that regard it as too charitable a social force to fortify their efforts to revitalise British culture in a hostile geopolitical setting. The narrative perspective of the novel is critical of the truncated state of that religion in Britain in the 1920s and how this was failing to guide and inspire peoples’ lives at that time.

NATURALISM IN THE WORKS OF IVAN FRANKO OF THE LATE PERIOD AS A MEANS OF ENHANCING ARTISTIC EXPRESSION AND CONVINCIBILITY OF THE IMAGE

The late period of Ivan Franko's artistic work is characterized by the presence of a number of stories that contain a naturalistic reproduction of Jewish themes. In such stories as «Pure Race», «In the Prison Hospital», «In the Carpentry», «In the Forge (From My Memories)» there are memories of the author about different stages of his life, which clearly distinguishes the Jewish theme revealed by naturalistic means.The story «Pure Race» demonstrates the collision in the life of an old Jew who found himself in a compartment of a train with representatives of other nationalities. The description of events in the compartment is presented with elements of naturalism – the use of factualism and a detailed description of events, the objectivity of the image. The story «In the prison hospital» has the following naturalistic features: the story tells about the stay in the hospital of two or three seriously ill people with a detailed description of the circumstances of their lives with factual accuracy. The story «In the Carpentry» contains a fragment from the life of a Jew, written by the author from his youthful memories and under the influence of a certain historical moment. The story describes the terrible murder of calves by a Jewish boy, with the fixation of all the details that convey all the burden of what was seen in the soul of the hero. The story «In the Forge (From my memories)» contains the author's childhood memories from his stay in the father's forge with the recording of all the small moments of his impressions. In the memoirs there is a naturalistic description with a detailed account of events in life of Boryslav.In the above stories, with the help of naturalistic means, the problems of Jewish life in Galicia are reproduced. Among the naturalistic features of the depiction of Jewish figures there are: factography, detailed description with fixation of all the details as a consequence of scientific accuracy, plausibility, objectivity of reproduction and unity in the depiction of natural and social factors, which together makes the reader their witness.

URDU-PREACHING ACTIVITIES IN SINDH IN CONTEMPORARY TIMES (AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SOME IMPORTANT, PREACHING, RELIGIOUS AND PUBLISHING HOUSES OF SINDHI LANGUAGE)

Sindh has honour of being a gateway of Islam wherefrom the light of this universal religion spread throughout the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent. Since Islam preached fraternity and human equality and caters to the natural needs of human beings, it was warmly received by siddhi folk after the conquest of Sindh in 712 A.D. It was Islam that ushered an era of intellectual activity based on flourishing the very message of Islam by way of publishing religious literature and spreading it all the Sindh around. Most of the population of Sindh speaks reads and writes in Sindhi, thus, keeping in view the importance of the some, a good enough number of publishing houses has come into being whose contribution in publishing books, magazines, journals etc on Islam and Seerat is, in fact, a proud asset of Sindhi Language. It is because of this environment, so-called ethnic and nationalistic elements badly failed to get themselves on sound footings. As a result of this, Sindh, in modern times presents a beautiful outlook of Islam. This paper covers only a few publishing houses of Sindh, which, inter-alia, publish Islamic books on a larger scale. Amongst them, Sindh National Academy, Sindhica Academy, Hkimat-e-Quran Institute, Mehran Academy Shikarpur, Aiwan-e-Ilm-o-Adab Kandhkot, and Sindhi section of Da’wah Academy Islamabad stand at the top. The contribution of these Publishing Houses, their origin, thoughts, and impact on the overall religious environment of Sindh has also been touched in a comprehensive manner. At the end of this paper, a detailed list of findings has been given which recommends accelerated efforts of preaching Islam in Sindh on even more rational grounds.