National Youth Policy Institute Research Articles

Sequential Dual Mediating Effects of Smartphone Dependence and Aggression on the Relationship Between Negative Parenting Attitudes and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents

ABSTRACTThis study examined the sequential dual mediating effects of negative parenting attitudes, smartphone dependence and aggression on depressive symptoms among adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method, the 2018 KCYPS comprehensively examined various aspects of the growth and development of children and adolescents. The study sample included a nationally representative sample of 2541 adolescents. PROCESS macro Model 6 was used to examine the sequential dual mediating model that not only examines the effects of negative parenting attitudes on smartphone dependence and aggression but also establishes the sequential causal relationship between smartphone dependence and aggression, ultimately confirming the direct and indirect effects on depressive symptoms of adolescents. The significance of the mediation effect was verified by applying the bootstrapping method. The findings demonstrated that negative parenting attitudes increased smartphone dependence, which, in turn, elevated depressive symptoms among adolescents. Furthermore, negative parenting attitudes increased smartphone dependence, which heightened aggression, ultimately contributing to depressive symptoms among adolescents. Based on these findings, this study has practical and policy implications for preventing depressive symptoms among adolescents. Prioritizing efforts to reduce smartphone dependence and aggression among adolescents while promoting positive parenting attitudes can play a crucial role in addressing this issue.

Neglect, School Violence, and Internalizing Behaviors in Children from Multicultural Families in Korea

Children from multicultural families (i.e., families with at least one parent from a foreign country other than Korea) in South Korea face increased risks of adverse life conditions at home and school. However, few studies have investigated the cumulative effects of family and school adversities, especially internalizing behaviors in this population. This study examined the association between neglect and internalizing behaviors (i.e., depression and social withdrawal) and whether victimization from school violence amplifies the impact of neglect. Data were drawn from the second wave of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS), which was constructed by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) and included 1500 fifth-graders surveyed in 2012. We first examined the moderating effect of school violence victimization on the association between neglect and depression and subsequently tested the same model to predict social withdrawal. This study showed that neglect significantly increased depression and social withdrawal. Additionally, the impact of neglect on depression and social withdrawal intensified when school violence coexisted. The findings of this study suggest that children from multicultural families exposed to co-occurring adversities require more attention. Assessment of polyvictimization and psychological counseling are necessary for supporting these children who have suffered violence at home and school.

Mediating effect of bicultural acceptability among multicultural adolescents in the relationship between depression and life satisfaction

AimThis descriptive study examines the mediating and moderating effects of an attitude of bicultural acceptance on the relationship between depression and life satisfaction among multicultural adolescents in South Korea. MethodThis study analyzes 2018 data provided by the National Youth Policy Institute using the R statistics 4.1.1. program. Descriptive statistics were assessed, and frequency analysis and regression analysis were employed. ResultsBicultural acceptance attitude has a moderating effect and a partial mediating effect on the relationship between depression and life satisfaction. DiscussionMulticultural education and multicultural counseling programs should be directed by policy and provided continuously in schools and local communities to enhance an understanding of multiculturalism and the acceptance of dual cultures.

청소년이 인식하는 혐오표현에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors influencing hate speech during adolescence and to examine the impact of hate awareness formed during this period on various aspects of adolescent life. For this purpose, publicly available data from the “2020 Study on the Exposure to and Countermeasures for Hate Speech among Adolescents,” conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute of Korea, was used. The analysis included data from 3,938 middle and high school students, excluding missing values. The main research findings based on the analysis are as follows. First, it was found that as experiences of hate speech victimization, the perceived social influence of hate speech, and levels of hate towards minority groups increased, the awareness of hate speech during adolescence also heightened. Second, among the risk factors influencing the awareness of hate speech during adolescence, the social influence of hate speech emerged as the most significant factor. Through this, the aim is to raise awareness among adolescents about social minorities, such as women, individuals with disabilities, and the elderly, emphasizing that they are members of our societal community with whom we must coexist.

The effect of social withdrawal on life satisfaction among multicultural adolescents: The mediating and moderating effects of parental support

BackgroundThe number of multicultural adolescents is continuously increasing, and they tend to experience more psychological difficulties than their non-multicultural peers. ObjectiveThis study investigates the mediating and moderating effects of parental support on the relationship between social withdrawal and life satisfaction among multicultural adolescents. MethodsThis secondary data analysis utilized the Multicultural Children & Adolescents Panel Survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. The analysis included data from 2018 and involved 1197 multicultural adolescents. The data were analyzed using the R-Statistics 4.1.1 program. ResultsSocial withdrawal and parental support had a detrimental impact on life satisfaction among multicultural adolescents. Parental support also played a partial mediating role in the connection between social support and life satisfaction. Furthermore, parental support was a moderating factor capable of mitigating the negative influence of social withdrawal on life satisfaction. ConclusionMeasures to reduce social withdrawal and increase parental support are very effective in improving the life satisfaction of multicultural adolescents. More focused professional intervention measures for social withdrawal and parental support must be considered when seeking and preparing support measures to improve the life satisfaction of multicultural adolescents.

중학생이 지각하는 부모의 양육 태도가 자살 위험성에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to verify the dual mediating effects of social support and satisfaction with appearance regarding the influence of middle school students’ perceived parental parenting attitude on the risk of suicide. The subjects of the study were 1,945 middle school students who participated in the 2021 survey on the mental health of teenagers conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Institute (National Youth Policy Institute: NYPI), and correlation analysis between related variables and dual mediation effects were verified using spss 27.0 and the Macro Process (model 6) of Hayes (2013) did. As a result of the analysis, it was found that social support and satisfaction with appearance had a significant dual mediating effect in the influence of middle school students’s perceived parental parenting attitude on suicide risk. These results suggest the importance of social support and appearance satisfaction in middle school students’ suicide risk and the possibility of intervention through activation and counseling of school social welfare.

아동·청소년기 생활시간과 학업성취 인과관계 종단분석

In this study, we explored the causal relationship between the daily activities and academic achievement of children and adolescents using the data from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) 2018 provided by the National Youth Policy Institute. The analysis sample consisted of 1,740 participants from the 4th-grade panel (4th grade to 2nd-year of middle school) and 1,874 participants from the 1st-year of middle school panel (1st year of middle school to 2nd year of high school) who did not drop out from the 1st to the 5th wave and had no missing values for variables included in the research model. The independent variables consist of the daily activities of children and adolescents, including parental interaction time, extracurricular learning activities, and leisure time. The dependent variable is the academic achievement. The analysis method involved setting up a latent growth model to analyze the causal relationship between the daily activities and academic achievement of children and adolescents. The latent growth model analysis was conducted by estimating a linear model using the 5th wave data, with maximum likelihood estimation as the parameter estimation method. The results of the analysis indicate differences in daily activities and academic achievement between the 4th-grade panel and the 1st-year panel, with extracurricular learning time and leisure time showing contrasting results in the two panel groups. These findings contribute to understanding the context of the causal relationship between the daily activities and academic achievement of children.

중학생의 사회적 지지와 삶의 만족도의 구조적 관계

Objectives This study reveals, from a middle school student perspective, the social support from parents, teach-ers, and friends, as well as the structural relationship of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Moreover, it explores the direct and indirect effects of social support on life satisfaction, focusing on the mediating effect of self-esteem. Methods For this purpose, the structural equation model was applied to Wave 4 of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018(KCYPS 2018) data set(7th grade, N = 2,275), conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Results The results are as follows: First, teacher support perceived by middle school students had a direct and significant effect on life satisfaction. Second, friend support perceived by middle school students did not sig-nificantly affect life satisfaction through the mediating effect of self-esteem, indicating a complete mediation ef-fect of self-esteem on life satisfaction. Third, parents support perceived by middle school students did not sig-nificantly affect life satisfaction, suggesting that middle school students may be more influenced by relationships with teachers and friends than by their relationships with parents. Conclusions This study confirms the significant impact of teacher support on life satisfaction and the significant influence of friend support on self-esteem among middle school students. It is significant in confirming the struc-tural relationship between social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction among middle school students and verifying the mediating effect of self-esteem between social support and life satisfaction.

부모의 방임적 양육태도가 다문화청소년의 학업중단의도에 미치는 영향 -사회적 위축과 성취동기의 이중매개효과를 중심으로-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dual mediating effects of social withdrawal and achievement motivation on relationship between parent’s neglecting attitude and school dropout intention of multicultural adolescents. To achieve this, the dual mediating analysis was conducted on 1,197 multicultural adolescents using 8th year of Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study(MAPS) data collected by the National Youth Policy institute. The results were as followed. First, parent’s neglecting attitude has directly a positive effect on school dropout intention among multicultural adolescents. Second, higher levels of parent’s neglecting attitude are associated with higher levels of social withdrawal, which, in turn, are associated with higher levels of school dropout intention. Third, higher levels of parent’s neglecting attitude are associated with lower levels of achievement motivation, which, in turn, are associated with higher levels of school dropout intention. Fourth, parent’s neglecting attitude has an indirect effect on school dropout intention through social withdrawal and achievement motivation. Based on these results, practical strategies for preventing neglecting attitude and social withdrawal and improving achievement motivation are discussed to reduce school dropout among multicultural youths.

The impacts of college educational satisfaction and helpfulness of career support on life satisfaction among Korean youth: The mediating role of mental health.

This study aimed to investigate the structural relationships between college educational satisfaction, the helpfulness of career support, and mental health, and how these factors influence the life satisfaction of late adolescents and young adults. The study utilized data from 550 Korean individuals 18-24 years of age who have experienced going to college, collected in the "2021 Youth Socio-Economic Reality Survey" conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Data analysis was conducted with SmartPLS 3.0 software, using a structural equation model with the partial least squares method. The mediating impact of mental health was validated using bootstrapping. The study yielded several key findings. First, college educational satisfaction, the helpfulness of career support, and mental health all exerted a significant and positive influence on the life satisfaction of young people. Second, college educational satisfaction was found to significantly positively affect youth's mental health. Third, mental health was identified as playing a significant positive mediating role in the connection between college educational satisfaction and the life satisfaction of young people. The study underscores the importance of enhancing mental health, alongside improving college educational satisfaction and career support, to boost the life satisfaction of young people. Suggestions based on these findings are discussed.

Influence of Cyberbullying Victimization on Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: Focusing on the Moderating Effects of Parenting Attitude

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of cyberbullying victimization on suicidal ideation and test the moderating effect of parenting attitudes in the relationship between the two variables.Methods: This study analyzed the data of 5651 middle and high school students from the “Children and Youth Human Rights Survey” conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute in 2020. For analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and a simple model of PROCESS macro analysis methods were performed.Results: The factors influencing suicidal ideation were cyberbullying victimization (β=.10, <i>p</i><.001), decision-respecting parenting attitude (β=-.16, <i>p</i><.001), and neglectful parenting attitude (β=.12, <i>p</i><.001). These factors explained 16.0% of the variance in suicidal ideation after adjusting for other covariates(F=64.55, <i>p</i><.001). Additionally, among parenting attitudes, only a neglectful parenting attitude (B=-0.01, <i>p</i><.001, R2=.14) moderated the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation among adolescents.Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study discussed practical and policy implications for promoting supportive parenting attitudes in preventing cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation.

청소년의 온라인 여가활동 부정경험이 우울감에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in depressive mood among adolescents based on their leisure time and to examine the impact of negative experiences in online leisure activities on depressive mood. For the study, we used data from the 2020 Korean Survey on the Rights of Children and Youth, conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute, and analyzed the data of 5,602 middle and high school students using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program. The results of the study are as follows. First, depressive mood varied among adolescents depending on their leisure time. The less-than-one-hour leisure group was found to have a higher rate of depressive mood than the four- to five-hour leisure group. Second, a positive correlation between negative experiences in online leisure activities and depressive mood was found. Third, negative experiences in online leisure activities were identified as a factor influencing adolescents'
 depressive mood. In addition, explanatory power was higher for adolescents in high school than those in middle school. Based on the findings of this study, we emphasize the importance of healthy online leisure activities. We suggest that an appropriate level of leisure time and ways to make online leisure more efficient and beneficial should be provided to adolescents.

다문화 청소년의 스트레스 요인과 스트레스, 건강평가, 삶의 만족 간의 구조관계 분석

The purpose of this study is to specifically identify the stress factors of multicultural youth and analyze the relationship between stress, health, and life satisfaction, and provide implications for stress management and life satisfaction. The study population was 2,022 participants (5th graders) of the Multicultural Adolescent Panel Survey (2nd cohort) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute, and was analyzed using a structural regression model. First, personal factors had the greatest impact on stress, followed by academic and family factors. Second, stress had a negative effect on both health assessment and life satisfaction, and the effect size was the same. Third, self-rated health assessment had a positive effect on life satisfaction. It is noteworthy that personal factors had a higher impact on stress than academic and family factors, suggesting that it is important to increase the positive self-concept and self-esteem of multicultural adolescents. It also reaffirms the importance of managing stress in order to improve health assessment and life satisfaction.urpose

Factors affecting cultural adaptation stress by gender among multicultural adolescents in Korea

Purpose: This paper is a descriptive survey research to identify factors that affect acculturation stress in multicultural adolescents, and provide basic information that can be used to develop ways to improve their mental health.Methods: This study used the data of the 2nd multicultural adolescents panel study provided on December 30, 2022 by the National Youth Policy Institute. The subjects of this study were 1,520 multicultural adolescents in the fourth grade of elementary school and the survey period was from July to November 2020. The dependent variable was acculturation stress, and the explanatory variables were as follows: mother’s and father’s country of origin, region size, home economic conditions, academic achievement, experience of discrimination, mother’s level of education, father’s level of education, and number of close friends. Data analysis involved calculation of descriptive statistics, analysis of differences in the level of acculturative stress and general characteristics between male and female adolescents, and multiple regression analysis.Results: This study found that there are gender differences in significant influencing factors for acculturation stress among multicultural adolescents. For males, factors influencing acculturation stress were identified as regional size, mother's education level, parental support, and teacher support. For females, they were regional size, experience of discrimination, number of close friends, parental support, and self-esteem.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that psychiatric nurses should provide psychiatric nursing and counseling to multicultural adolescents in addition to clinical psychiatric nursing. Various mental health programs should be developed for multicultural adolescents, with a focus on counseling, education, and family therapy.

The influence of perceived parenting styles on Korean children's delinquent behaviors when accounting for gender differences

AbstractParenting styles studies which used US data have shown positive effects of authoritative parenting styles and negative effects of permissive and authoritarian parenting styles on the adolescents' behavioral development. The effects of parenting styles were predictive within the juvenile population of the United States. The current study introduces questions about the influence of culture and gender on the association between parenting styles and children's delinquent behaviors. It focuses on South Korean culture, which is influenced by Confucian philosophy emphasizing obeying parents and importance of the role of the son in the family. This study uses ordinary least squares regression to examine data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2010 collected by the National Youth Policy Institute from 2010 to 2016. Results indicated that male South Korean children respond positively to the authoritarian parenting style, but parenting style does not influence female South Korean children, at least when it comes to delinquency. These results indicate that culture and gender influence the association between parenting style and delinquency among children and broaden the applicability of parenting style research.

Longitudinal relationships between grit, self-esteem, and academic achievement among Korean primary school students

In a competition-driven meritocratic learning environment, academic achievement can have a direct effect on self-esteem and self-concept. As such, academic achievement can act as an antecedent to grit and self-esteem. This study examined the longitudinal reciprocal relationships of academic achievement, consistency of interest (CI), perseverance of effort (PE), and self-esteem among fourth-grade and fifth-grade primary school students in South Korea, who were under heavy pressure in a performance-oriented learning environment. Data pertaining to 2,240 students were extracted from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute, and cross-lagged structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the longitudinal relationship between three variables. The results revealed that academic achievement had a statistically significant positive relationship with CI, PE, and self-esteem; CI had a statistically significant positive relationship with PE; and PE had a statistically significant positive relationship with self-esteem through the mediation of academic achievement. In addition, self-esteem demonstrated the highest level of stability, and although CI and PE demonstrated similar levels of stability, CI displayed slightly greater stability compared to PE. Findings from this study suggest the need to support grit and self-esteem among Korean students under pressure in performance-oriented academic environments.

고등학생이 지각한 사회적 지지와 학업무기력의 구조적 관계

Objectives This study reveals, from a high school student perspective, the social support from parents, teachers, and friends, as well as the structural relationship of academic helplessness and self-esteem. Moreover, it explores the direct and indirect effects of social support on academic helplessness, focusing on the mediating effect of self-esteem.
 Methods For this purpose, the structural equation model was applied to Wave 4 of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018(KCYPS 2018) data set(10th grade, N = 2,265), conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute.
 Results The results are as follows: First, parental support perceived by high school students did not significantly affect academic helplessness. Second, teacher support perceived by high school students had a direct and significant negative effect on academic helplessness. Third, the effect of friend support perceived by high school students on academic helplessness was partially mediated by self-esteem and also the friend support directly affected academic helplessness negatively.
 Conclusions Especially, the friend support is the only one variable which has not only direct effect but also indirect effect on the academic helplessness. Also, it comes out that the teacher support can affect on the academic helplessness directly. Based on the findings, support and countmeasures are presented to improve the level of academic helplessness of highschool students.

Factors Affecting the Life Satisfaction of School-Aged Children with Vietnamese Immigrant Mothers in Korea.

Low life satisfaction among multicultural children is an important issue related to children's mental health in Korea. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the life satisfaction of children whose Vietnamese mothers migrated to Korea for marriage. Data from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) in 2020 were used. The participants were 586 elementary school students. The mean age was 11.01 years (SD 0.19), and 52.0% were girls. Based on Engel's biopsychosocial (BPS) model, biological factors (gender, physical health, and body mass index), psychological factors (mental health, acculturative stress, self-esteem, and general stress), and sociocultural factors (family economic status, social support, and parenting style) were measured and analyzed by using hierarchical multiple regression. In the final model, self-esteem (β = 0.399, p < 0.001), parental social support (β = 0.184, p < 0.001), and neglectful parenting style (β = 0.085, p = 0.031) were positively related to children's life satisfaction, whereas general stress (β = -0.213, p < 0.001) and acculturative stress (β = -0.104, p = 0.002) were negatively related. The overall explanatory power was 41.7%. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop a specialized program that focuses on strengthening the bonds between parents and their children to enhance family functioning for multicultural families.

Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and social isolation in young adulthood: Evidence from South Korea

Social isolation has emerged as an increasingly important social risk among young South Koreans. Prior research has suggested that social isolation in young people can be the result of the accumulation of negative experiences during childhood. Negative events that occur in childhood leave psychological scars. Although previous studies have explored associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and psychosocial outcomes, there has been a lack of research into how different patterns of ACEs are associated with social isolation. Therefore, this study aims to (a) examine latent classes of ACEs among South Korean young adults and (b) investigate associations of each latent group of ACEs with social isolation. Data from the 2021 Youth Socio-Economic Reality Survey of Korean National Youth Policy Institute was used, and a total sample of 1,940 individuals aged 19–34 years old was included. For analyses, latent class analysis was conducted to identify the types of classes, and a set of regressions was performed to find the association between classes of ACEs and the sub-dimensions of social isolation (social support, loneliness, social contact). The LCA found four classes of membership within ACEs: High ACEs, High abuse and household mental illness, Moderate economic hardship and loss of close one, and Low ACEs. Unexpectedly, High abuse and household mental illness class showed the most prominent result, followed by High ACEs class. The class of Moderate economic hardship and loss of close one was only significantly associated with the social contact, and it had similar levels of social support and loneliness with the Low ACEs class. The results imply that ACEs involving violence and ACEs without violence could result in different psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood.

다문화청소년의 학업성취도와 진로결정성의 관계

Objectives The purposes of this study is verifying the longitudinal mediation effects of social support between academic achievement and career determination in multicultural adolescents. Through verification, this study presents the social discussion in improving the career determination of multicultural adolescents.&#x0D; Methods In this study, the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study(MAPS) from the National Youth Policy Institute was used, and the subjects were 1,068 multicultural adolescents. The Autoregressive Cross-Lagged(ARCL) model was set for the verification of the longitudinal mediation effects. the significance of the longitudinal mediating effect was verified by the Sobel test and Bootstrapping.&#x0D; Results The self-regression effect of academic achievement and career determination was significant, so it was confirmed that attention should be paid to improving career determination by intervention. In addition, teacher support and peer support were found to completely mediate the relationship between academic achievement and career determination.&#x0D; Conclusions It provided social discussions and alternatives for improving career determination of multicultural adolescents by identifying individual variables and environmental variables. In particular, it suggests that teacher support and peer support play an important role in career determination of multicultural adolescents.