National Values Research Articles

Portraits and Excuses of Religious Radicalism in Educational Institutions

This article is based on a portrait of religious radicalism among students in public and religious schools in Jambi Province. This is motivated by significant gaps in several studies that still need to integrate comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis. Therefore, this article provides a more thorough and nuanced understanding of this issue using a mixed methods sequential explanatory model. Sampling was non-probability covering 5 districts/cities, 15 public schools, 15 religious schools, and 750 respondents. The results show a high potential for radicalism: 47.6% of respondents are willing to join violent jihadist groups, 38.8% of respondents view Pancasila as incompatible with Islam, 89.4% of respondents support the implementation of Sharia law, and 82.8% are willing to join groups that want to establish an Islamic state. This analysis reveals that radicalism emerges due to disappointment with law enforcement in Indonesia. These findings underscore the importance of integrating national values ​​into the education curriculum and involving higher education institutions in fostering critical thinking about religion, national identity, and civic responsibility. This article has significant implications for policymakers, educators, and researchers seeking to develop effective strategies to counter radicalization while promoting religious understanding and national unity in Indonesia’s diverse society. As such, this article significantly contributes to efforts to understand and address the challenges of religious radicalism among Indonesia’s young generation.

Pembelajaran PPKN untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Nasionalisme Siswa Sekolah Dasar

In the era of globalization, primary school students are increasingly exposed to various foreign cultural influences. foreign cultural influences. This has the potential to shift the values of nationalism that have been inherited by the predecessors. Therefore, there needs to be a systematic and sustainable effort to systematic and sustainable efforts to strengthen students' nationalism attitudes from an early age. early age. Creative and innovative Civics learning is expected to be a solution to overcome these challenges. solution to overcome these challenges. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method method with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses) which is carried out in a systematic way or following stages. The results showed that the application of Civics learning can shape the attitude of nationalism, including: love for the country and nation, willingness to sacrifice, tolerance, pride in diverse cultures and respect for the services of heroes. This research concludes that innovative and contextualized Civics learning is very effective. Recommendations are given to teachers to continue developing relevant and interesting learning methods relevant and interesting learning methods to strengthen national values among students from an early age. from an early age.

The possibilities of the methods of photovoice and sensemaking in the formation of traditional values of students (using the example of the values of patriotism, humanism and citizenship)

In the context of modern ideological and informational challenges, it is important to find at tractive forms and methods of actualization and education of traditional values among young people. The purpose of the study is to explore the possibilities of using the photovoice method in combination with sensemaking, Meaning–Making approaches for organizing effective educational work, describe the algo rithm for applying the method and perform a study using the photovoicе method to identify the semantic char acteristics of traditional values (patriotism, humanism and citizenship) in the representations of students to assess the practical possibilities of applying the theoretical results of the study in educational work. The main research methods were the analysis of scientific papers on the problem under study, compara tive pedagogical analysis of experience, and photographic voice. The article presents an algorithm for applying the photovoice method in interaction with the sensemak ing approach in the study, identification and formation of semantic characteristics of traditional values. Using the example of the results of a study involving students of Russian (Vyatka State University) and Belarusian (Belarusian State University) universities, the results of actualization the semantic characteristics of values such as humanism, patriotism and citizenship in students' representations are presented. The novelty of the research is determined by the disclosure of the possibilities of using the photovoice method in research, educational and upbringing work with young people. The use of the photovoice method in combination with the approaches of meaning-making significantly diversifies the educational tools of the educa tional process, ensuring the achievement of goals in the most effective way from the point of view of resource expenditure, motivation of participants, sustainability of educational achievements. The results obtained may be of interest to researchers, educators, and youth specialists and can be used in the development of educational work programs with students and youth, designing the upbringing compo nent of training sessions in various disciplines. В условиях современных идеологических и информационных вызовов важно находить привлекательные формы и методы актуализации, воспитания традиционных ценностеи у молодежи. Цель исследования – изучить возможности применения метода photovoice (фотоголос) в сочета нии с подходами смыслотворчества (sensemaking, Meaning-Making) для организации результативнои воспитательнои работы, описать алгоритм применения метода и выполнить исследование с использо ванием метода фотоголос по выявлению смысловых характеристик традиционных ценностеи (патрио тизм, гуманизм и гражданственность) в представлениях студенческои молодежи для оценки практиче скои возможности применения теоретических результатов исследования в воспитательнои работе. Основными методами исследования явились анализ научных трудов по исследуемои проблеме, сравнительно–педагогическии анализ опыта, фотоголос. В статье представлен алгоритм применения метода photovoice во взаимодеи ствии с подходом sensеmaking в изучении, выявлении и формировании смысловых характеристик традиционных ценно стеи . На примере результатов исследования с участием студентов россии ского (Вятскии государствен ныи университет) и белорусского (Белорусскии государственныи университет) вузов представлены результаты актуализации смысловых характеристик таких ценностеи как гуманизм, патриотизм и гражданственность в представлениях студентов. Новизна исследования определяется раскрытием возможностеи применения метода photovoice в исследовательскои , учебнои и воспитательнои работе с молоде жью. Использование метода photovoice в сочетании с подходами смыслотворчества существенно разнообразит воспитательныи инструментарии учебно-воспитательного процесса, обеспечивая достижение поставленных целеи наиболее результа тивным способом с позиции затрат ресурсов, мотивации участников, устои чивости полученных образо вательных достижении . Полученные результаты могут представлять интерес для исследователеи , педагогов, специали стов по работе с молодежью и могут быть использованы при разработке программ воспитательнои ра боты со студенческои и учащеи ся молодежью, проектировании воспитательного компонента учебных занятии по различным дисциплинам.

Using mobile learning to shape the national values of future teachers: An examination of practice

Comparative studies of national values are becoming increasingly important in the context of contemporary globalization processes. An essential condition for the shaping of national values in learners is the enrichment of pedagogical technology with components of digital technology. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in the current study. The purpose of this research is to examine the efficacy of mobile learning in shaping the national values of prospective teachers. The experiment included 180 participants. Diagnostics of the levels of national values formation in the initial stage confirmed the assumption about the low formation of national values among teacher candidates and, consequently, the need for targeted work on their formation. This study demonstrates that significant advances in students’ national values have occurred following the introduction and testing of mobile learning with experimental group (EG) participants to shape national values. The data from this study can serve as the basis for creating strategies for shaping the national values of learners in universities and as a methodological basis for adapting mobile learning for the shaping of national values.

Call for Peace and National Cohesion: Reading from Selected Arabic Literary Texts of Nigerian Authorship

Since ancient times, literature has served as a mirror reflecting society and its progress, often engaging with themes of morality, compassion, unity, and peaceful coexistence within human communities. Literature, through both poetry and prose, communicates ethical values that encourage and educate for peaceful coexistence, mutual respect, and harmonious social relationships. This study utilizes a descriptive approach to examine the contributions of Nigerian authors in Arabic literature to the promotion of national integration, harmony, and peaceful coexistence among Nigerians of diverse ethnicities and constituencies. By selecting specific literary texts, especially poetry, from the works of three prominent Nigerian literary figures, this paper investigates how Arabic literature of Nigerian authorship has fostered ideals of unity, harmony, and peaceful cohabitation within Nigeria’s highly heterogeneous socio-political landscape. Findings from the study reveal that numerous Nigerian Arabic literary scholars have significantly contributed to the advocacy for national integration and peace. Their literary productions emphasize the importance of unity among Nigerians, despite the multitude of languages, rich cultural diversity, and varied practices across the country. These literary works serve as powerful tools for promoting tolerance, understanding, and unity, highlighting literature’s essential role in reinforcing shared national values, fostering patriotism, and enhancing collective consciousness in Nigeria’s complex and multicultural society.

Evaluating Progress in Achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals: A Comparative Analysis

This study aims to explore the perceived progress in fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the national level, focusing on Slovenia and comparing it with other European countries and the global landscape. Using the data from 2022 and 2023 for 43 countries, sourced from the contributions of 3,690 national experts, we assess the perceived progress in areas critical to sustainable development, including social contribution, social responsibility, investor interests, economic opportunities for minority groups, environmentally conscious practices, energy efficiency, national cultural values towards sustainability, SDG-aligned business activities and government support for sustainability-focused businesses. The assessment covers twelve key aspects, measured on a scale of 0 to 10, to determine the extent to which new and growing companies and the broader business and policy environment are aligned with the SDGs. The main objective is to identify trends, achievements and areas for improvement in integrating the SDGs into business operations and policy frameworks. Research methods include a quantitative analysis of the GEM database comparative statistical analysis and trend evaluation to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made between 2022 and 2023. This research is crucial to understanding the effectiveness of current strategies and identifying the need for further action to achieve the SDGs. By analyzing the commitment and progress towards sustainability in the entrepreneurial and political spheres, this study contributes valuable insights into the national and global efforts towards a sustainable future.

Nilai Patriotisme Dalam Kearifan Lokal Suku Sasak (Resepsi Ekosufism Masyarakat Dusun Sade, Kecamatan Pujut, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah)

Modern humans are experiencing many different acute crises. According to Nasr, the great ecological crisis is the result of human ambition to exploit nature. In other words, the main cause of the ecological crisis is a scientific lifestyle that does not consider modern science as a means to understand nature. Instead, it is considered a philosophy that, as a whole, reduces all reality to its material parts and does not accept unscientific worldviews. The Sasak tribe (read: Lombok) has diverse local wisdom and is rich in meaning. One of the villages that practices both consciously and unconsciously about eco-sufism is the Sade hamlet, Rambitan village, Pujut District, Central Lombok. This paper will look at how the value of patriotism in local wisdom in ecosufism in the Sade hamlet. The value of patriotism is a value that teaches love for the homeland, courage, willingness to sacrifice, sincerity, and never give up. This paper examines and analyzes the eco-sufism of the Sade hamlet with environmental ethics from the perspective of Seyeed Hosesin Nasr. The concept of environmental ethics put forward by Nasr is rooted in two concepts. First on the concept of unity (tawhid) and second the concept of man. The universe is the manifestation of God. Man as in the Qur'an plays the role of servant ('abd) as well as caliph (khalifah) of God. These two words are the key to understanding man. As a result, the Sade hamlet has several traditions and cultures that are full of meaning, including in terms of house architecture and awik-awik.

What can be learned about Australian values in comparing referendums on Indigenous inclusion and recognition?

ABSTRACT The referendum to establish a Voice to Parliament for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples failed to receive popular support from the Australian public. Questions as to why the referendum was unsuccessful have been put forward following the outcome. As we analyse the defeat, it is useful to look back at the two other referendums in Australia’s history that addressed inclusion and recognition of our First Peoples, 1967 and 1999, and compare factors which lead to their respective outcomes. Drawing on qualitative sources, this paper posits an argument which connects received national values to Australia’s unwillingness to go beyond inclusion and recognise that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have inherent rights to be involved in decisions that affect them. Australian ‘egalitarianism’ presents a barrier to greater Indigenous recognition, and referenda regarding Indigenous rights are impacted by discourses of ‘equality’.

Obey or Disobey: National Courts and International Law in the Thought of Conforti

Abstract The subject of the application of international law by national courts was central – arguably the most central – to the scholarly work of Benedetto Conforti. The defining feature of his views on this matter was the dialectical opposition between the poles of obedience and disobedience. In fact, Conforti called upon national courts to take up a dual role: key enforcers of international law, but also defenders of national fundamental values against international law. This paper reflects on the complexity of Conforti’s thought and on its relation with scholarship and case law. The analysis is articulated around the themes of the past, the present and the future: respectively, the roots of his ideas and their connection with previous scholars, his writings’ influence on judicial practice, and the legacy of his thought.

Shaping National Character in Early Grade Elementary School Students Through Social Sciences Learning in the Medeka Curriculum Era

By looking at the Merdeka curriculum in primary schools, this research investigates the role of social studies education in fostering Indonesian character in primary school students. This curriculum aims to provide students with a strong, genuine understanding and respect for Indonesian culture while adhering to the values derived from Pancasila, which is the identity of the Indonesian nation. Social studies education becomes important in order to foster the character of students, including the cultivation of moral values in themselves both in the home, school and community environment. The data collected in this study were collected through surveys and analyzed through the literature study method. Data were obtained from various sources, including academic journals, student documents, and relevant research topics. This research found that social studies education can improve students' understanding of the daily life that must be carried out by applying the nation's values in their daily lives. It can also help them learn academically and support them in interacting and collaborating to solve everyday problems, which helps them in making the right choices for their brighter future.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ІМУНІТЕТУ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КОМБАТАНТІВ ТА ЧЛЕНІВ ЇХНІХ РОДИН: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of psychological immunity of active Ukrainian military personnel and their families. The psychological immune system is a multidimensional but integrated unit of personal resources of resilience and adaptive capacities, also called "psychological antibodies", which provide immunity against stress and traumatic events. Under martial law, the Ukrainian military is the most important asset in countering armed aggression. Their psychological immunity can ensure effective stress management and protect them from possible psychopathology. Promotion of resources (psychological antibodies) will help active military personnel, as well as their family members, to use and overcome their traumatic experiences, stress and negative influences in a useful and productive way, including creating support networks, learning new skills, and achieving combatant goals during combat missions. It is justified that the return of a vital sense of security for successful recovery and functioning depends on the presence of psychological immunity not only among servicemen, but also among their families as a center of rehabilitation potential. The three-component structure of psychological immunity according to A.Olakh is described, which includes: the approach-conviction subsystem, the monitoring-creation-execution subsystem and the self-regulation subsystem. These subsystems make it possible to recognize one's environment, search for and activate the necessary resources for constructive interaction with it, and maintain emotional equanimity. Based on the experience of communicating with active military personnel, veterans, and members of their families, the authors propose to add a fourth component to the existing structural model - the spiritual and value subsystem. The allocation of this component is due to the peculiarities of Ukrainian identity and the specifics of the Russian-Ukrainian war. This component includes the spiritual self, the values of patriotism, moral qualities and religiosity (as an internal need to believe).

Justifying authoritarian practices: epistemic governance in two opposite interventionist policies on women’s attire in Iran’s pre- and post-revolution 1979

ABSTRACT How do authoritarian actors seek to justify their interventionist gendered policies? The study bridges the authoritarian governmentality scholarship with Epistemic Governance theory to disclose epistemic politics in interventionist policymaking. It gathers textual data from political leaders and influential actors to investigate the epistemic practices around the justifications of two culture-shaping policies on Iranian women’s attire: the ‘unveiling’ policy banning all women’s head covers in the 1930s and the ‘mandatory veiling’ laws in the 1980s. Foucauldian discourse analysis as elaborated in Epistemic Governance analytic is applied to scrutinise how women’s attires were problematised in both cases and how exclusionary measures were justified. The findings reveal that in the 1930s, veiling was represented as the dangerous embodied emblem of backwardness that must be excluded in the urgent context of national progress. In contrast, unveiling, as the marker of cultural colonialism, was prohibited in the context of the necessity to protect the counter-hegemonic national values in the 1980s. These findings highlight recontextualisation practices turning women’s attire into a matter of national security that justify pastoral power for governmental interventions. The study hence warns against (in-)security politics in authoritarian governance whereby any epistemic field is depoliticised, and public opinion is conducted towards interventionist policies.

Does geographical location impact educational disparities among Ecuadorians? A novel two-stage inequality decomposition method

The aim of this paper is to assess the extent of educational disparities among Ecuadorians attributed to their geographical location. For this purpose, a novel two-stage hierarchical decomposition of inequality for the half of the square of the coefficient of variation is introduced. This method, an extension of the one-stage (within/between) decomposition, is applicable to variables that can take the value zero, such as the ‘years of schooling’ variable. Using microdata bases from Ecuador’s National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment (encompassing all twenty-four provinces and four regions in 2014 and 2021), we estimated the ‘years of schooling’ for individuals aged 24 and over, determining provincial, regional and national mean values. The proposed method allows the identification of the extent to which educational disparities among Ecuadorians (total inequality) can be attributed to differences between provinces and regions (spatial inequality), and the extent to which such educational inequality is due to variations among individuals within provinces. Moreover, it measures the educational inequality within each province and evaluates the contribution of each province to intra-provincial inequality. The results indicate that, although spatial inequality increased between the study years, total educational inequality decreased. This is because the contribution of spatial inequality to total inequality was practically negligible compared to the influence of disparities among individuals within provinces. Consequently, the reduction in the intra-provincial inequality is the reason for the decrease in educational differences among Ecuadorians. The findings potentially reflect individual-focused policies, socioeconomic features of Ecuador’s provinces and align with the official educational statistics.

Drivers of Change: Youth Action in Lempangang Village, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi in the Service of Pancasila Village

The purpose of this article is a form of dedication to the Pancasila village in Boto Lempangang to strengthen the sense of unity among the community but also to make a real contribution to improving the quality of life of the village residents. Activities such as social service, education, skills training, and environmental initiatives are a means of implementing Pancasila values in everyday life. Their work has become an inspiration for other villages to work together to maintain and develop the values that are the identity of the Indonesian nation. This research uses qualitative research using a case study design. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification stages. The research results show that the initiative carried out by the youth of Lempangang Village in the Kampung Pancasila program has had a significant positive impact on the local community. Through various programs such as agricultural counseling, national education and healthy living, developing MSMEs, and increasing food security, village youth have succeeded in strengthening local capacity and creating sustainable change. These programs not only improve economic welfare and public health but also strengthen national values and social solidarity.

Historical and Analytical Aspect of the Study of the Moral Value of Folk Games

Folk games are an integral part of the culture and life of every nation. Folk games developed on the basis of certain patterns and were associated with the economic development of society and the formation of a person in society. Throughout the historical existence of a nation, the game reflects all aspects of its life, has a direct impact on the development of the individual in society, preserving its identity as a national treasure and value belonging to the people. Azerbaijan is the birthplace of a large number of national games. Folk games, having gone through their long historical path, have repeatedly been subject to certain changes of time, the demands of society.

CONFLICTS BETWEEN BIOETHICS AND NATIONAL VALUES

Background: Bioethics addresses complex moral conundrums in medicine, health, and human rights that usually run counter to national and religious values. Specific Background: These tensions are especially evident in bioethical concerns such as genetic engineering, reproductive technologies, and euthanasia since societal perspectives are influenced by long-standing cultural, religious, and social norms. Knowledge Gap: While bioethics has been extensively studied globally, less research has been done to look at how national values in particular influence bioethical decision-making, especially in specific culture contexts like Uzbek thought. This study aims to investigate the relationship between national values and bioethics, with a focus on the influence of Uzbekistan's religious and cultural beliefs. Results: The results demonstrate that bioethical quandaries arise when modern medical technology do not align with the moral, legal, and spiritual frameworks of traditional Uzbek society. Important factors to take into account include the impact of family traditions, the need of maintaining moral standards in society, and religious opposition to organ donation and euthanasia. Novelty: This study clarifies how national values impact public opinions of bioethics, particularly in cultures that prioritize community values above individual ones, by presenting the Uzbek perspective in a fresh manner. Implications: Understanding these intersections enables healthcare practitioners and governments to make bioethical decisions that uphold human rights and national values in culturally sensitive countries.

The Influence of Financial Literacy, Digital Literacy, and Social Capital on Digital Bank Financial Inclusion through Ease of Use an Intervening Variable

The growth of internet users in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase year by year, reaching 78.19% of the total population in 2022-2023. This indicates a broader penetration of the internet among Indonesian society. The national digital banking transaction value shows an increasing trend, reaching Rp5,098.6 trillion in August 2023, reflecting the growing adoption of digital financial services in Indonesia. This increase is supported by the ease of access offered by banks and online financial management, in line with the preferences of the digital era's growing generation, thus Generation Z quickly and comfortably adopts digital banking services. This brings the potential for greater financial inclusion among the younger generation.This study employed a quantitative approach with a causal purpose, applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). The dependent variable (financial inclusion), the intervening variable (ease of use), and the independent variables (financial literacy, digital literacy, and social capital). This study, which includes 200 Bandung City-based Generation Z digital bank customers, uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) as its analytical tool. The study's findings demonstrate that Generation Z's digital bank customers in Bandung City already have very high levels of social capital, financial inclusion, digital literacy, and ease of use. Furthermore, it was shown that the effects of digital literacy, social capital, and financial literacy on financial inclusion might be moderated by simplicity of use. Financial inclusion is also significantly impacted directly by social capital, digital literacy, and financial literacy. It is intended that this research will provide a greater understanding of the variables impacting Generation Z's financial inclusion and how those characteristics may affect policies aimed at boosting the availability and use of financial services in the digital age.

DETERMINATION OF DOSE REFERENCE LEVELS AT BENDAN PEKALONGAN REGIONAL HOSPITAL FOR INTERNAL DOSE AUDIT AS AN EFFORT TO OPTIMIZE RADIATION PROTECTION FOR PATIENTS

Unnecessary exposure is less of a concern because it is considered not to cause injury to patients. Radiation protection optimization is carried out for patients to reduce unnecessary exposure. Following BAPETEN Regulation No. 4 of 2020 Article 46, permit holders are required to implement radiation protection optimization [1]. This study aimed to obtain the local dose reference level (TPD) value through an internal dose audit to optimize patient radiation protection. This optimization is carried out in several steps, including conducting an internal dose audit, determining the local TPD, and evaluating the examination. This study is expected to motivate documentation of radiation parameters to obtain sufficient data for analysis. The method used in this study is a literature study through related references and X-ray radiation output data to calculate the dose in the form of incident air kerma (INAK) and entrance surface air kerma (ESAK). The results showed that the local INAK TPD value was 52% below the national TPD, and the local ESAK TPD value was 57% below the national TPD. The expected local TPD value is a TPD value that is lower than the national TPD value. This indicates that the imaging protocol at RSUD Bendan has been well-optimized. However, there are still several types of examinations where the local TPD value exceeds the national TPD, indicating the need to review further the imaging techniques and protocols used. The influence of body weight and radiological image diagnosis was analyzed as a basis for further optimization. Thus, the determination of this local TPD can be an essential reference in efforts to improve patient safety and optimize radiation protection in health facilities. Keywords: radiation protection optimization of patient, Dose Reference Level (DRL), patient dose.

APPLICATION OF SIZE SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATE (SSDE) AS A LOCAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVEL IN HEAD CT SCAN EXAMINATION AT INDRIATI HOSPITAL SOLOBARU, DR. MOEWARDI HOSPITAL SURAKARTA, SLEMAN HOSPITAL, AND NATIONAL BRAIN CENTER HOSPITAL JAKARTA

CT scan is a modality that produces a higher radiation dose compared to other modalities in radiodiagnostic installations. The radiation dose received by patients from examinations with this CT scan device is expressed in the volume CT Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP), which are dose indicators from the Indonesian Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) value regulated in the Decree of the Head of the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) nationally. However, the CTDIvol value is only an indicator of the output dose from the CT scan, and the DLP value is an indicator of the total dose during the examination, which is influenced by the length of the scan. Both do not represent the specific dose received by the patient because the patient's dose depends not only on the output dose but also on the patient's characteristics. The patient's dose, which includes the output dose and patient characteristics, is called the Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE), which is used to estimate the dose received by the patient by including a correction factor depending on the patient's dimensions. This study aims to calculate the SSDE value in a CT Head examination with a standard protocol using the same type of device, namely a 128-slice CT scan in several hospitals. The values of CTDIvol and DLP patients are obtained from the dose report displayed on the CT scan monitor screen in the IndoseCT software. The patient samples studied were patients undergoing CT Head examinations from March 2023 to February 2024, with 100 patients in each hospital. The results of this study obtained local DRL values based on SSDE calculated at Indriati Hospital, Moewardi Hospital, Sleman Hospital, and the National Brain Center Hospital and then compared them with the national TPD values. Based on the SSDE value from Indriati Hospital, the TPD value was 30.26 mGy, Sleman Hospital was 39.5 mGy, Dr. Moewardi Hospital was 49.3 mGy, and RSPON was 51.7 mGy. The TPD value of CT Head examinations without contrast from each hospital was still below the national TPD value of 60 mGy. Keywords: CT scan, diagnostic reference level (DRL), local DRL, national DRL, Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE), IndoseCT.

Female, Deserving, and European? The Changing EUropean Migration Discourse in the Face of the Russia–Ukraine War

AbstractThe initial response of the European Union (EU) to people fleeing Ukraine was unusually univocal and welcoming, culminating in the swift activation of the Temporary Protection Directive. This predominantly humanitarian response represents a special case and an outlier in terms of how the EU and its member states have responded to previous displacements. This paper explores the discursive construction that made this response possible, by looking at how forced migration from Ukraine has been characterised in the EUropean political discourses. Drawing on discourse theory and critical migration studies, we assume that the discourse is marked by differences drawn along the lines of “race,” “gender,” and “distance,” which are linked to ideas about national identity and European values. In order to reflect the multilevel European discourse, we reconstruct the political discourse on the EU level as well as in two diverse cases, Poland and Germany. Our findings suggest that despite national differences and the presence of well-established tropes of deservingness, the EUropean discourse is not only based on ideas surrounding vulnerability of the Ukrainian Other and the European Self but is also influenced by the perception of the threatening Russian Other. Especially in Poland, welcoming refugees from Ukraine is linked to security concerns, while the EU and German discourses stress the role of European values and solidarity. Thus, the acceptance of Ukrainian refugees should be seen as part of the overall European response to Russian aggression and not as a departure from its previous stance on migration.