National University Of Ireland Research Articles

A theoretical kinetic study of 1-butyne, 2-butyne, and 3-methyl-1-butyne combustion

Propargylic radicals are an essential component in molecular weight growth kinetics and can react to form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot. To establish rate rules for propargylic radicals, a total of 16 H-atom abstraction reactions of three alkynes, namely 1-butyne (1-C4H6), 2-butyne (2-C4H6), and 3-methyl-1-butyne (C5H8), were calculated using high-level quantum chemistry, in which four active radicals including Ḣ, ȮH, ĊH3, and HȮ2 were involved. Considering the completeness of the establishment of rate rules, the H-atom abstraction sites have included the primary and secondary site of 1-C4H6, primary site of 2-C4H6, and tertiary site of C5H8. The M06–2X/6–311++G(d,p) level of density function theory was used for the geometry optimization, vibrational frequency, and dihedral scan calculations. Single point energy calculations were carried out at the CCSD/cc-pVXZ (X = T, Q) level of coupled cluster theory. The rate coefficients for all of the abstraction reactions and the thermochemical quantities of 1-C4H6, 2-C4H6, and C5H8 and their corresponding radical products were calculated. The results indicate that H-atom abstraction by ȮH radicals has the fastest reaction rates for all three species. Moreover, abstraction from the tertiary site on C5H8 is the fastest, followed by abstraction of secondary hydrogen atoms on 1-C4H6 and primary hydrogen atoms on 2-C4H6, while abstraction of primary hydrogen atoms on 1-C4H6 are the slowest. NUIGMech1.3 (mechanism of version 1.3 proposed by National University of Ireland, Galway) has been updated based on our calculations, and ignition delay times (IDTs) were predicted using the updated mechanism. The predicted IDTs gave better agreement with the experiment data at pressures of 1, 30 and 50 bar. Sensitivity analyses were performed to understand observed model predicted differences at low to intermediate temperatures (700–1000 K) at 10 bar. The results show that the reactions 1-C4H6/2-C4H6 + HȮ2 and HȮ2 + HȮ2<=> H2O2 + O2 have a significant effect on promoting and inhibiting reactivity, respectively. Further Flux analyses show that the H-atom abstraction from 1-C4H6 and 2-C4H6 by ȮH radical is a dominant channel in changing branching ratios.

Global Ireland and the Digital Footprint: The Abbey Theatre Archives in the Digital Repository of Ireland

While digital technologies were initially seen as harbingers of globalization, scholars increasingly acknowledge their role in the rise of nationalism. This paper argues that the policies and practices of the Digital Repository of Ireland (DRI) simultaneously resonate with national as well as global opportunities in light of the vision of Global Ireland 2025. As a trusted national digital repository for Ireland’s humanities, the DRI can be a celebration of the Abbey Theater collection as a prototype of these national and global opportunities. This paper outlines the earlier attempt of the Abbey Theater Digitizing Archive Project at the National University of Ireland, Galway’s library (NUIG) and its limitations, as well as the policies and Practices of open access, collaboration, and metadata management in the Digital Repository of Ireland. In doing so, the paper draws on the conceptual framework in light of Global Ireland's objectives and the publications of some of the stakeholders and directors of the DRI, such as Sha- ron Webb and Aileen O’Carroll. The outcomes of this paper are that the DRI globally contributes to representing the national position of Abbey Theatre by ingesting and visualizing the scenes that express the Irish struggle for freedom and identity, illuminating the importance of Irish literary discourse over time and place. Also, the use of the interdisciplinary approach uncovers how the use of digital tools highlights the opportunities that the DRI can offer to disseminate, discover, and visualize the dramatic performances of Abbey Theatre as an Irish literary heritage and as an essential part of the Irish national canon.

The DNA of Digital Storytelling: A Case Study from a Higher Education LSP Classroom

This case study is based on a digital storytelling project conducted with first year Biotechnology with French students at National University of Ireland, Galway. Working in small groups, the students created digital stories in French based on forensic cases in which DNA profiling was used. The study was conducted while they were learning about DNA forensics in their mainstream programme. This study provides a practical example of how Digital Storytelling (DST) can be integrated as a teaching and learning tool into the Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) classroom within a higher education context. It highlights the potential of DST to develop students’ language skills within this specialised context and facilitate the acquisition of the transferable skills needed to communicate effectively in an increasingly globalised society.

HIV and co-morbidities - an evolving, global view.

aCentre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin bDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Correspondence to Patrick W.G. Mallon, MBBS, PhD, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin D4, Ireland. E-mail: [email protected]

Meet the First Authors

HomeCirculation ResearchVol. 132, No. 4Meet the First Authors Free AccessIn BriefPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessIn BriefPDF/EPUBMeet the First Authors Originally published16 Feb 2023https://doi.org/10.1161/RES.0000000000000596Circulation Research. 2023;132:398–399is related toADAR1 Non-Editing Function in Macrophage Activation and Abdominal Aortic AneurysmApolipoprotein Proteomics for Residual Lipid-Related Risk in Coronary Heart DiseaseCirculating Extracellular Vesicle-Propagated microRNA Signature as a Vascular Calcification Factor in Chronic Kidney DiseaseCNP Promotes Antiarrhythmic Effects via Phosphodiesterase 2CNP Activates PDE2 to Reduce Arrhythmia (p 400)Download figureDownload PowerPointEleder Cachorro is a PhD student at the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (TU Dresden, Germany) under the supervision of Dr Ali El-Armouche and Dr Susanne Kämmerer, where he studies the role of PDE2 in cardiovascular disease. He studied Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of the Basque Country (EHU, Basque Country), where he obtained his BS. He then earned his MS in the Medical Biotechnology department of the Jagiellonian University of Krakow (UJ, Poland). In the laboratory of Dr Jozef Dulak, he collaborated in the generation of isogenic human pluripotent cell lines for in vitro modelling of HNF1A-MODY monogenic diabetes.Macrophage ADAR1 in AAA (p e78)Download figureDownload PowerPointDr Dunpeng Cai is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Surgery at the University of Missouri. After graduating from Southern Medical University, he joined Dr Shi-you Chen’s Lab and earned his PhD in 2021 from the Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology at the University of Missouri. Dr Cai’s main research interest is the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular diseases, including aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis and stroke. Through innovation and hardwork, he wishes to establish landmark discoveries which can provide cures for patients. To achieve this goal, he has been developing his skills and capabilities in molecular and cell biology, mouse microsurgery, computer-aided drug design and bioinformatics. Outside of work, he enjoys spending time with family.sEVs Accelerate Vascular Calcification in CKD (p 415)Download figureDownload PowerPointDr Takaaki Koide was born and raised in Tokyo, Japan. He earned his MD from Asahikawa Medical University. He is currently a PhD student in the Department of Nephrology at Tokyo Medical and Dental University (his mentors: Prof. Shinichi Uchida and Shintaro Mandai). His research focuses on the mechanism of vascular calcification caused by chronic kidney disease. He is interested in utilizing non-coding RNAs as a therapeutic modality to treat extra-renal complications of chronic kidney disease. In his leisure time, he enjoys sports, traveling and craft beer.Apolipoprotein Proteomics for Heart Disease Risk (p 452)Download figureDownload PowerPointDr Robert Clarke is a Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine at the Clinical Trial Service Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford. He qualified in medicine at the National University of Ireland in 1979. He worked in internal medicine and cardiology in Ireland for 10 years and clinical pharmacology at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA for 2 years. He joined University of Oxford in 1991 and specialized in Cardiovascular Epidemiology. Robert leads a research program on observational and genetic analyses assessing the importance of lifestyle factors, blood pressure, blood lipids, genes and proteomic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesADAR1 Non-Editing Function in Macrophage Activation and Abdominal Aortic AneurysmDunpeng Cai, et al. Circulation Research. 2023;132:e78-e93Apolipoprotein Proteomics for Residual Lipid-Related Risk in Coronary Heart DiseaseRobert Clarke, et al. Circulation Research. 2023;132:452-464Circulating Extracellular Vesicle-Propagated microRNA Signature as a Vascular Calcification Factor in Chronic Kidney DiseaseTakaaki Koide, et al. Circulation Research. 2023;132:415-431CNP Promotes Antiarrhythmic Effects via Phosphodiesterase 2Eleder Cachorro, et al. Circulation Research. 2023;132:400-414 February 17, 2023Vol 132, Issue 4 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2023 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/RES.0000000000000596PMID: 36795849 Originally publishedFebruary 16, 2023 PDF download Advertisement

Fantastic changelings: liminality and narrative technique in Irish changeling tales

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: ChangelingfairiesIrelandliminalitynarrativesfantastic Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by a visiting fellowship at the Moore Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway.

Hydrogen/PRF skeletal mechanism study based on shock tube experiments and kinetic analysis

In the present work, the experiments of measuring ignition delay times (IDTs) of the hydrogen/n-heptane mixture at high temperature (1130–1485 K) and low pressure (1.25 atm) by a shock tube is implemented. The results show that mixtures with higher hydrogen proportion and lower equivalence ratio present shorter IDT. In the case of high hydrogen proportion, the n-heptane addition causes an obvious inhibition effect on the ignition of the mixture. Whereas, as the hydrogen proportion decreases, such inhibition effect weakens. As the experimental values are consistent with the predicted IDTs by NUI (National University of Ireland) mechanism, the NUI mechanism was selected to conduct the kinetic study. The consumption of n-heptane at the initial stage of reaction is earlier than that of hydrogen because the activities of n-heptane’s H-abstraction and decomposition reactions are relatively high. With shock tube experimental data as the calibration basis, a skeletal hydrogen/PRF (Primary Reference Fuel) mechanism, was updated from a skeletal PRF mechanism. The skeletal hydrogen/PRF mechanism, consisting of 49 species and 162 reactions had been validated against shock tube experiment of hydrogen, n-heptane, isooctane pure fuel, PRF, and hydrogen/n-heptane mixture.

Global trends in research on irritable bowel syndrome and the brain-gut axis: Bibliometrics and visualization analysis.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder with no structural damage, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Studies have shown that the brain–gut axis is closely related to the occurrence of IBS. However, studies of IBS related to the brain–gut axis have not been systematically analyzed by bibliometrics and visual analysis. This study is based on 631 publications in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) to analyze hot spots and trends in this field. The collaborations between different authors, institutions, countries, and keywords were bibliometrically analyzed by CiteSpace software. Meanwhile, VOSviewer analyzed the references. The results show that since 2012, the number of publications has been growing rapidly. According to the collaborative network analysis, the United States, the National University of Ireland, Cork, and J.F. Cryan are the countries, institutions, and authors contributing the most, respectively. Through keywords and literature analysis, mechanisms and therapy associated with IBS and the brain–gut axis have still been a research focus in recent years. Furthermore, the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the brain–gut axis influencing IBS (related to gastrointestinal dysfunction, vagus nerve, visceral pain, intestinal flora, serotonin, tryptophan metabolism, stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and malonyldialdehyde) are the future research trends, especially the mechanisms related to intestinal flora. This is the first bibliometric and visualization analysis of IBS and brain–gut axis-related literature to explore research hotspots and trends.

Understanding the stress and coping experiences of undergraduate university students in the COVID-19 context: A qualitative study

Background: The various psychological challenges experienced by university students have been well- characterised. The university experience can be stressful, which can negatively impact on mental health. Student stress was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic due to the lack of on-campus learning and peer contact. This study aims to understand the stress experiences and coping strategies of undergraduate university students in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the differences between first-year and returning students’ experiences. Methods: Undergraduate students at the National University of Ireland, Galway, took part in online semi-structured interviews via Microsoft Teams. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Nineteen students were interviewed (10 first-years and 9 returning students). Three themes were developed in relation to perceived stressors: (1) ‘The unknown. The dragon. The fear of getting sick’ with sub-themes, ‘Fear of COVID-19’ and ‘Chronic uncertainty and negative media messages’; (2) ‘Online learning is overwhelming’ with sub-themes ‘Difficulties with university workload’ and ‘One place, same screen, same things’; (3) ‘Social isolation’ with sub-themes ‘Lack of peer contact’ and ‘Fear of missing out’. Two themes in relation to coping were also developed: (1) ‘Help each other, keep each other afloat’ and (2) ‘Focusing on the positives in a shared storm.’ First-year students described additional stressors not experienced by returning students such as navigating university for the first time remotely and making friends virtually. Conclusion: All students struggled with various additional stressors due to the COVID-19 situation, particularly first-year students who experienced additional stressors while adjusting to university in a pandemic context. All students described coping strategies to help manage stress, which may be useful in developing future interventions and mental health supports for university students.

Cognitive Remediation and Social Recovery in Early Psychosis (CReSt-R): protocol for a pilot randomised controlled study

BackgroundPsychosis, even in its early stages, is associated with significant disability, causing it to be ranked ahead of paraplegia and blindness in those aged 18–35 in terms of years lived with disability. Current pharmacological and psychological interventions intervention have focused primarily on the reduction of positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), with little benefit to domains of psychosis such as cognitive difficulties and social and occupational functioning.Methods/designThe CReSt-R intervention trial is a single center, pilot randomised controlled study based at the National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway. The trial will recruit participants from four clinical sites with assessment and intervention completed by the primary NUI Galway team. The trial will explore the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a novel psychosocial intervention for early psychosis based on a combined cognitive remediation training and cognitive behavioural therapy approach focused on social recovery. Participants, aged 16–35 within the first 5 years of a diagnosed psychotic disorder, will be recruited from the Children and Adolescent Mental Health Service and the Adult Mental Health Services in the region.DiscussionCognitive remediation training (for improving cognition) and social recovery focused cognitive behavioural therapy, have both separately demonstrated effectiveness. This trial will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and explore the efficacy of a treatment approach that combines both approaches as part of an integrated, multicomponent intervention.Trial registrationCognitive Remediation & Social Recovery in Early Psychosis (CReSt-R): ClincialTrials.gov Identifier NCT04273685. Trial registered Feb 18th, 2020. Last updated April 14th, 2021.

The making of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985: a memoir by David Goodall. Edited by Frank Sheridan. Pp vii, 237. Dublin: National University of Ireland. 2021. €35.00/€20.00.

The making of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985: a memoir by David Goodall. Edited by Frank Sheridan. Pp vii, 237. Dublin: National University of Ireland. 2021. €35.00/€20.00.

CARN Annual Conference – September 9-11, 2022

The Collaborative Action Research Network will be holding its annual conference between September 9th and 11th, 2022 at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. &#x0D; For updates, check: https://www.carn.org.uk/events/conferences/

Ask me anything: Ciara Muldoon

Based in Exeter, UK, Ciara Muldoon holds a BSc in experimental physics from the National University of Ireland, Galway, and a PhD in science studies from the University of Bath. After working as a science-communication consultant, she became an Internet entrepreneur with her husband, Neil Williams, a former aerospace engineer. Their latest project is a charitable search engine that helps tackle climate change and climate injustice.

8.K. Workshop: Communication and adherence to public health measures in response to Covid-19 in Ireland

Rationale and objectivesGovernments across the world have implemented unprecedented public health measures to control the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Three research teams from Ireland, based in Trinity College Dublin (TCD), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG), and University College Cork, (UCC) were funded by the Health Research Board and the Irish Research Council to conduct research that would inform policy and practice in relation to the pandemic. The objective of this workshop is to present policy-relevant findings on the communication of public health measures on Covid-19 and factors associated with adherence to Covid-19 guidelines and regulations (e.g., hand washing, social distancing, travel restrictions and mask-wearing), drawing on the outputs from large scale, nationally representative quantitative surveys, a qualitative interview study, and a content analysis of COVID-19 poster communications.Workshop- added valueThe workshop will involve contributions from public health and behavioural scientists. It will provide a comprehensive overview of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with adherence to public health guidelines and regulations on Covid-19 and of the extent to which the Irish Government's communication strategy adequately addressed these issues.Coherence between the presentationsAll of the research to be presented was conducted during the early phase of the pandemic response in Ireland. The TCD team will present findings from cross-sectional weekly telephone surveys of adults resident on the island of Ireland (75:25 split between ROI & NI), conducted over eight weeks. A range of factors associated with adherence to national guidelines on handwashing and social distancing will be addressed, including socioeconomic status, threat perceptions, fear of COVID-19, response efficacy and self-efficacy, response cost and social norms, mood, loneliness, and self-reported health. The NUIG team aimed to identify psychosocial determinants of adherence to physical distancing and to determine whether Government of Ireland COVID-19 communications adequately address the determinants. The findings to be presented will draw on a nationally representative cross-sectional survey as part of the International COVID-19 Awareness and Responses Evaluation (iCARE) study, a qualitative interview study, and a content analysis of COVID-19 poster communications. The UCC team will present the findings from a series of four large, nationally representative cross-sectional telephone surveys, focused on the level of adherence and major socio-demographical determinants of adherence to travel restrictions and wearing of face coverings during the early phase of the pandemic response in Ireland. All presenters will reflect on the challenges of conducting applied research during a rapidly changing international crisis.Key messages Adherence to the public health measures was high overall, but with significant variation among sociodemographic groups and different factors influencing adherence to the different measures.Government communications to promote physical distancing could be refined to better address key barriers and facilitators of this behaviour.

The Archaeology of Death. Proceedings of the Seventh Conference of Italian Archaeology held at the National University of Ireland, Galway, April 16–18, 2016

Article The Archaeology of Death. Proceedings of the Seventh Conference of Italian Archaeology held at the National University of Ireland, Galway, April 16–18, 2016 was published on December 1, 2021 in the journal Etruscan and Italic Studies (volume 24, issue 1-2).

What am I doing here? Enablers and barriers to community-based cardiac rehabilitation attendance: a qualitative study utilising a behavioural science approach

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Community Engaged Scholars Programme (CES-P), PPI Ignite, National University of Ireland, Galway Background Despite the well-established benefits of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation, programme uptake rates remain suboptimal. Delivering cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in the community offers an alternative model of care that may help address the challenges that exist around uptake and accessibility of CR. Yet in comparison to traditional hospital based CR programmes less is known about the enablers and barriers that may be unique to attending community based CR programmes. Purpose This study aimed to identify enablers and barriers to attending and completing a community-based CR programme from the patient perspective. Methods Individuals who were referred to a 12 week, interdisciplinary, multi-component community-based CR programme were invited to take part in semi-structured interviews. Reasons for attending or not attending the programme and for completing or not completing the full programme were discussed. Purposeful sampling was used to obtain variation in age, gender, and level of engagement with the programme. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis guided by the Capability Opportunity Motivation (COM B) Model and the Theoretical Domains Framework, to explore initial attendance and programme completion. Results Data saturation was achieved with sixteen participants. The majority of the identified barriers and enablers were common to both initial programme attendance and completion of programme. Having the social opportunity to receive support from peers, family members and staff was seen as an important enabler. While ease of access to a programme based in the community enabled attendance and completion, for some, distance to the cardiac rehabilitation centre was a barrier. Further barriers related to capability issues regarding poor physical health, time, work commitments and travel. Key motivational enablers included, beliefs around consequences, improved health status, knowledge, goals, intentions and personality. Identity was an important determinant of attendance as participants discussed their understanding of "what am I doing here?" Some participants identified themselves as the type of person who would benefit from the programme and others did not. For example, some felt the programme would suit those who needed motivation to enhance their health and some felt the programme was more or less suited to people of different ages and fitness levels. Conclusion The results suggest that interventions to enhance attendance at community-based CR need to address multiple factors related to capability, opportunity and motivation. While there is no one model of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation that will meet the needs of all patients, patients should be offered community based programmes as part of a choice of options that fit their needs and personal preferences.

An analysis of patient self-reported COVID-19 symptoms during the first wave of the pandemic in Ireland.

BackgroundSince the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, there have been more than 115 million cases worldwide (1). Symptoms of COVID-19 vary widely and the spectrum of clinical presentation has yet to be fully characterised (2). Many countries have detailed their early experience with COVID-19, with a focus on the clinical characteristics of the disease. However, to our knowledge, there has been no such study detailing symptoms in the Irish population.AimOur aim is to describe COVID-19 symptoms in the Irish population at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and compare symptoms between those reporting positive and negative test results.MethodA Web page MyCovidSymptoms.ie was created by researchers at the National University of Ireland, Galway, in April 2020 to investigate COVID-19 symptoms in Ireland. The Web page invited participants to self-report RT-PCR test outcome data (positive, negative, untested), temperature and a range of symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of taste, loss of smell).ResultsOne hundred and twenty-three Irish participants who had a RT-PCR test for COVID-19 logged their symptoms. Eighty-four patients reported that they tested positive for COVID-19, and 39 patients reported a negative COVID-19 test. In our cohort of respondents with a positive COVID-19 test, 49/84 (58%) respondents reported a cough. Of the 39 respondents with a negative COVID-19 test, 17 (44%) reported having a cough. The distribution of temperature was similar in both those with and without COVID-19. Levels of self-reported fatigue were high in both groups with 65/84 (77%) of COVID-19-positive patients reporting fatigue and 30/39 (77%) of those who were COVID-19-negative reporting fatigue. New symptoms emerging at the time of data collection included loss of taste and smell. We demonstrated a higher proportion of loss of smell (p = 0.02) and taste (p = 0.01) in those reporting a positive result, compared to those reporting a negative result.ConclusionThese data represents an early picture of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in an Irish population. It also highlights the potential use of self-reported data globally as a powerful tool in helping with the pandemic.

PROTOCOL: Online interventions for reducing hate speech and cyberhate: A systematic review.

PROTOCOL: Online interventions for reducing hate speech and cyberhate: A systematic review.

The Making of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985: A Memoir by David Goodall ed. by Frank Sheridan

The Making of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985: A Memoir by David Goodall, edited by Frank Sheridan with contributions by Morwenna Goodall, Michael Lillis, Robert Renwick, Charles Powell, Stephen Collins and Maurice Manning (National University of Ireland, 2021), 244 pages Sir David Goodall was a British diplomat educated by the Benedictine monks at Ampleforth and then at Oxford. He was central on the British side at official level to the negotiation with the Irish government of what has been called the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. After retirement from the diplomatic service in 1991 he wrote quite a frank memoir of the negotiation, which he lodged in an archive for the benefit of historians to be read later. Now published five years after his death in 2016, it affords a unique insight into the tortuous process that produced the Agreement and into the principal players. It all began for him shortly after he was seconded to serve in Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher’s Cabinet office in 1982. He found himself at a small dinner party she was giving for Lord Shackleton, the son of the polar explorer. Shackleton, a former Labour cabinet minister, was helping out with advice on the Falklands Islands, disagreements about whose recent reconquest had fractured relations between the Prime Minister and Taoiseach Charles Haughey. After dinner she bade Goodall to stay on for a drink. The conversation turned to Ireland. Goodall remarked sadly that the only place where the lives of British soldiers were now being lost in anger was in Northern Ireland. They discussed their Irish ancestry – both Goodall’s grandfathers were born in Ireland and Mrs Thatcher confessed to having a great-grandmother called Sullivan. ‘If we get back next time,’ she rounded off the exchange, ‘I think I would like to do something about Ireland’. When she got back in 1983 she was receptive to an approach from Garret FitzGerald’s government to revive the Anglo-Irish Governmental Council established by Thatcher and Haughey when they were getting on well. At the steering committee, which met in Dublin to prepare for it, Goodall encountered Michael Lillis, head of the Anglo-Irish Division in the Department for Foreign Affairs. They went for a walk along the Grand Canal. Lillis had authority to speak for Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald, whose most trusted adviser he was. He floated a radical new departure for Northern Ireland, offering unequivocal Irish acceptance of the right of Northern Review Articles: Winter 2021–22 Studies • volume 110 • number 440 488 Ireland to remain within the United Kingdom for as long as it was the wish of the majority there. In exchange he asked for the participation of Irish security forces in operations in the North and for judges from the Republic to sit in terrorist trials there. It was hoped that this, buttressed by giving the Irish government a say on security in Northern Ireland, would reconcile the Catholic minority in the North to the institutions of law and order and so stem the rise in support for Sinn Féin, which could have disastrous consequences for the island as a whole. Goodall was taken aback by what he described as ‘astonishingly far reaching ideas’ and was uncertain if they were to be taken seriously; he had little doubt that a suggestion to have Irish troops and police operating in the North would be a non-starter in London. The immediate British response was orientated to the problems created by attacks from the Republic and the ease with which those involved could escape across the border and avoid apprehension. Their counter-proposal was to create a security zone on both sides of the border that would be jointly policed, so allowing the security forces in Northern Ireland to invade the Republic in pursuit of terrorists. It was a non-starter in Dublin. Goodall had read Cecil Woodham-Smith’s book on the Irish famine and shared her view that ‘the English, normally kind, behaved in Ireland as they behaved nowhere else’ and was disposed to make amends. His research into his own family history in Ireland had given him a feel what it was like to be both a Catholic nationalist...

Outcomes of Unibody Bifurcated Endograft and Aortobifemoral Bypass for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease.

PurposeWe compared the outcomes between the total endovascular approach using a unibody bifurcated aortoiliac endograft and the gold standard aortobifemoral bypass (ABF) surgery for the management of extensive aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD).MethodsMaterials and This retrospective observational study compared the outcomes of endovascular technique with unibody bifurcated endograft (UBE) using the Endologix AFX unibody stent-graft and a standard surgical approach (ABF) in the management of AIOD based on patient records in Western Vascular Institute, Galway University Hospital, National University of Ireland. Procedural details and outcomes were documented to compare both groups.ResultsFrom January 2002 to December 2018, 67 patients underwent AIOD (20 UBE and 47 ABF). Both the ABF and UBE groups showed 100% immediate clinical and technical successes without 30-day mortality. There were no statistical differences in the overall survival and sustained clinical improvement between the bypass and the UBE groups; however, statistically significant differences were observed in 3-year freedom from re-intervention and amputation-free survival. Furthermore, the mean length of the intensive care unit (ICU) stay was significantly lower in the UBE group than that in the ABF group (0.75 days vs. 3.1 days, P=0.001).ConclusionTotal endovascular reconstruction of AIOD is an alternative to invasive bypass procedures, with a shorter ICU stay.