National Sustainable Development Strategies Research Articles

Cluster Model for Establishing Special Economic Zones in Ukraine under Modern Conditions (Global Experience)

Object: Clusters are a relatively new form of organization, risk and profit sharing, and competitiveness enhance ment for both the global and Ukrainian economies. The potential of the cluster development model is significant, and, most importantly, it has been justified in developed countries worldwide. In particular, global practice confirms that the functioning of the most prosperous economies is supported by advantages in modern production technologies and man agement. Therefore, successful development of any level is possible through the comprehensive application of modern strategic management concepts. Thus, the object of the study is to reveal and substantiate the effectiveness of cluster model in establishing special economic zones in Ukraine. Methods: The paper uses general scientific and special methods, that are: the dialectical method of understanding cluster model for establishing special economic zones; comparative analysis methods; methods of empirical research, methods of statistical and structural analysis; methods of historical and logical analysis; identifying individual parts of an object, methods of system approach, identifying cause-and-effect relationships. Findings: Custers are established on the base of a unique internal environment and infrastructure specific to a par ticular region. This allows leveraging the competitive advantages of enterprises in a specific area through integration. A cluster serves as a stimulus for economic development, and regionalism forms the basis for its sustainable growth. Re gionalism is of great significance in selecting priority investment areas, as it can influence the level of uncertainty risk during the assessment of regional investment projects. Its effectiveness is confirmed by cluster development of the child nutrition project presented in the paper (Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine). Conclusions: Cluster approach makes it possible to use available resources more efficiently. The cluster approach is connected with the policy of capacity-building as well as increasing competition profitability of national economies. There are also some cluster formations on the territory of Ukraine. Сluster is a convenient form of organizing a free economic zone. At the same time, each government develops its own approaches to the creation of clusters and regula tion of their activities, accordingly, organizes the activities of those responsible for the implementation of the national strategy of sustainable competitive development.

Natural Tourism planning and sustainable tourism in Libya The case of the Derna region

The Derna region experienced a violent hurricane in 2023 that destroyed much of the infrastructure and residential neighborhoods. The area requires extensive reconstruction that takes into account the natural and touristic qualities of the place, beyond the obvious shortcomings in tourism planning processes. It is time to pay attention to this important sector, by adopting urban plans that are updated and modified according to circumstances in order to create a sustainable tourism project.
 The Derna region in eastern Libya is one of the cities that, if it benefits from tourism urban programs adopted within a national strategy for sustainable tourism development, will constitute a tourism pole not only in Libya but also at the regional level. The area is coastal, characterized by stunning natural landscapes with the presence of the sea, valley and plateaus. It is also located within a rich tourism field that provides the practice of various types that attract tourists at different levels, capabilities and ambitions, and establishes true sustainable tourism. However, the effectiveness of the tourism sector in the region and in all cities of the Libyan country is still modest in its practice compared to the opportunities and capabilities available. It also does not have sustainability requirements, as it does not have an effective tourism plan. This requires a redoubled effort to overcome various challenges and create a sustainable future tourism project.

The Italian National Strategy for Sustainable Development and the Covid-19 impact: a regional analysis

The Italian National Strategy for Sustainable Development plays an important role in the national implementation of the 17 Goals for sustainable development set globally through the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations. The achievement of such goals in Italy is linked to the strategic choices and objectives established at the national level. The purpose of this work is to monitor the performance of the 20 Italian regions in 4 of the 5 areas of the Agenda (People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace) over a period of time ranging from the implementation of the National Strategy to the post-pandemic. To do this, a set of representative indicators was created and a geographical sustainability assessment tool (SSAM) was used, which operates through a multicriteria analysis model perfectly integrated into a GIS environment. The results showed a strong regional variability and a radicalized North-South gap. Moreover, the monitoring between the different years (2017-2019-2021) showed the initially positive impact of the strategy, mainly due to the Planet dimension, but also the negative one that COVID-19 caused to all the regions, with different intensity depending on the dimensions considered.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES OF ROMANIAN JUSTICE SYSTEM IN THE 2030 AGENDA CONTEXT

Sustainable development represents a new paradigm about the functioning of society, an approach that involves peaceful societies where the benefits are accessible to all. In addition, this context promotes access to justice for all and the creation of effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. Analyzing mainly the social dimension, the paper investigates the contribution of justice in the sustainable development approach, comparing from several perspectives the progress made by Romania in the context of joining the UN 2030 Agenda and supporting the implementation of the set of 17 SDGs. Starting from the consideration that ODD 16 is one of the most innovative aspects of the sustainable development framework, we propose an analysis of the efforts to improve the quality of judicial services in accordance with the National Strategy of Sustainable Development.

Unveiling complementarities between national sustainable development strategies through network analysis

The 2030 agenda of the United Nations provides a framework of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 232 indicators for its members to fulfill. The overall achievement critically depends on how nations understand the interactions between these SDGs and set priorities for development pathways. This study provides a comprehensive network analysis of global SDG complementarities, measured by the co-occurrences of SDG pairs' comparative advantages in the same region by adopting the ‘product space’ concept from economics. We construct the ‘SDG space’ at goal and indicator levels with the most recently available data and then validate its robustness by comparing it to the commonly used correlation network and confirm its predictive power using historical data. Network analysis reveals a strongly connected socioeconomic-related core and an environmental-related periphery, with ‘bridge’ indicators connecting different clusters. The goal-level space identifies the ‘bridge’ goals as SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 15 (Life on Hand) in the environmental-related cluster, while identifying SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 6 (Clean water and Sanitation), and SDG 16 (Justice and Strong Institutions) in the socioeconomic cluster. The indicator-level space provides details to explain how they act as ‘bridges’ in the network. In particular, 16–9: Free Press Index is the ‘bridge’ indicator with the highest betweenness centrality value and acts as the bottleneck indicator in China for its overall sustainable development. Improving it can enhance connected indicators' performance, leading to positive cascading effects on different aspects of sustainability.

Cattle Genetic Improvement Strategies for Sustainable Development in Tropics: Review

Inefficient use of genetic variation among and within breeds of different breeds is an obstacle to enhancing the livestock population in underdeveloped countries. The best productive and adaptable animals for each environment must be identified for breeding objectives. Changing numerous aspects of production is required for successful livestock genetic improvement. In developing countries, genetic improvement efforts are unlikely to succeed unless they are supplemented by better diet, herd health, and management. Improvement strategies that are now taken for granted in developed countries are not implemented in most developing countries. The high expense of such procedures is one of the main reasons for their poor adoption rates. As a result, the economic evaluation of improvement programs is critical. Population increase, market development, technological change, and a shifting resource base are all examples. These dynamics that drive a specific livestock production system, as well as the entire subsector, must be anticipated and identified in development strategies. It is vital to understand the direction and speed with which these elements may change, both at the sectoral and farm levels, for future initiatives to respond appropriately. As a result, improving local cattle genetic value and devising genetic improvement methods accordingly is critical for the country's and sector's long-term development. Insufficient research has negative impacts on different breed types in diverse and dynamic livestock production systems assessment in developing countries, which creates significant knowledge gaps about breed-change interventions. Hence, supporting researchers, research institutions and higher education institutions is crucial to the success of policy in reducing the knowledge gap and strengthening the relationships between the livestock owners and government. Moreover, the development of national livestock strategies, effective policies, and the establishment of breeding cooperatives have an impact on the development and implementation of national livestock strategies for sustainable development.

Case report Montenegro

Abstract Montenegro is an upper-middle income country, with an estimated population of 620,739 (Eurostat, 2021). A national strategy for sustainable development until 2030 was adopted in July 2016, taking into account the implementation results of the Action Plan from the previous strategic document. Data for the period 2016-2021 are showing changes in a certain number of indicators, but also that Montenegro continued to face a large number of challenges (especially in No poverty and Gender equality goals), which became even more complex during the COVID-19 pandemic. Montenegro is reporting 69 out of 248 SDGs indicators. Indicators are not reported at all for 3 goals. Data similar to those required exist for some indicators, so a rough picture of trends in individual SDG goals can be obtained. For the remaining 14 goals, the median percentage of reported indicators is 31% (Range: 14%−58%). Some indicators are reported periodically, as part of research. Also, the UN methodology is not followed for all the reported indicators. For example, for the assessment of the first goal, 13 indicators were determined, and none of them are monitored by the UN methodology. However, since 2013, the Statistical Office of Montenegro has been calculating some indicators (based on the EU-SILC survey) that can be used for the same purpose. For SDG 3; Good health and well-being, there are improvements in certain segments: reduction in the infant mortality rate (2.8/1,000 from 2020) and mortality rate among children under 5 (3.7/1,000 from 2020) and reduction in the tuberculosis and malaria incidence. Numerous challenges are mainly reflected in the inequality of access and quality of health services, the high prevalence of current tobacco use among those over 15 years, and low air quality. Existing information system in healthcare is incomplete, fragmented and insufficiently interoperable to provide satisfactory data for monitoring the progress of indicators in this area.

Sociological diagnostics of the historical consciousness of Russians: Request for sustainable development and teaching of sociology

The article is a review of the book edited by M.K. Gorshkov Historical Consciousness of Russians: Assessments of the Past, Memory, and Symbols (Sociological Measurement) (Moscow: Ves Mir, 2022. 248 p.). The author identifies the key characteristics of the theoretical-methodological tools of this sociological diagnostics: analysis of civil identity through the national-state symbols; identification of specific features of the historical memory of social, regional and generational groups about the significant achievements of society and the state; representativeness of the sociological data provided by a multi-stage stratified sample. The article describes seven most significant characteristics of the historical consciousness of Russians as factors strengthening the civil identity and the country’s sustainable development. The author argues that the book has both theoretical and practical significance due to being based on a comprehensive multi-aspect analysis of the historical consciousness and to providing grounds for a national strategy for sustainable development and for new approaches to teaching sociologists. The author makes some proposals of courses that would help younger generations of sociologists to develop critical thinking, historical consciousness, and sociological imagination.

Research on Surface Strengthening Treatment and Performance of Sewing Machine Shaft Parts

In actual production, shaft parts are affected by the working environment, and are prone to failures such as wear, deformation, corrosion, etc. If the parts that are scrapped due to service damage can be repaired, it can not only save huge economic and time losses, but also It can also improve the utilization rate of resources, in line with the national sustainable development strategy. In this paper, laser cladding technology is used to strengthen the surface of the laser cladding coating for sewing machine shaft parts, and analyze the microstructure, hardness, friction and wear properties of the cladding layer after laser cladding. It is concluded that the average hardness of the cladding layer is about 740.3HV, which is about 2.9 times that of the substrate; the wear loss of the cladding layer is greatly reduced, which are 34%, 40% and 48% of the substrate, respectively, which are less than half of the wear amount. It can be seen that laser cladding on the surface of shaft parts can improve the surface quality of the parts and prolong the service life of the parts.

MODELIO „NUO ŪKIO IKI MOKYKLOS“ KŪRIMO PRIELAIDOS KLAIPĖDOS REGIONE: ŪKININKŲ ĮTRAUKIMO PERSPEKTYVA

The article analyses the prospects for small and medium-size farms relating to the development of the ‘From Farm to School’ model in the Klaipėda region. The research aimed to reveal the possibilities for involving farmers in the Klaipėda region in cooperation with educational institutions in order to provide them with farm products/services. Questions relevant to the study were discussed during a focused group discussion with representatives of small and medium-size farms in the Klaipėda region: Are farmers interested in providing services and products to educational institutions? How do they evaluate the public procurement system? What are the possible cooperation opportunities and obstacles? etc. The results show that the needs and expectations for cooperation between Klaipėda region farmers, municipal employees and educational institutions as buyers of services basically coincide. The participants in the research agreed that the food from local growers is good, and they would like children to be fed quality food from local farms in schools. However, the results of the study assumed the insufficient literacy of small and medium-size farmers in order to effectively develop cooperation with educational institutions. Therefore, the article aims to raise awareness of representatives of small and medium-size farms and all interested groups about the ‘From Farm to School’ model, which could have an impact on the better involvement of farmers, and strengthen the connection between local farming communities and educational institutions. Better awareness could help to develop targeted actions of interested parties in order to shorten food supply chains, improve the quality of food in school meals, and promote the supply of products from small and medium-size farms to educational institutions in the Klaipėda region. The research also aims to contribute to the goals of the national Sustainable Development Strategy, by developing knowledge on how it is possible to preserve or restore natural ecosystems with the help of the activities and services of small and medium-size farms.

A Hyperheuristic With Q-Learning for the Multiobjective Energy-Efficient Distributed Blocking Flow Shop Scheduling Problem.

Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, which are the significant national strategy for sustainable development, have attracted considerable attention from production enterprises. In this study, the energy consumption is considered in the distributed blocking flow shop scheduling problem (DBFSP). A hyperheuristic with Q -learning (HHQL) is presented to address the energy-efficient DBFSP (EEDBFSP). Q -learning is employed to select an appropriate low-level heuristic (LLH) from a predesigned LLH set according to historical information fed back by LLH. An initialization method, which considers both total tardiness (TTD) and total energy consumption (TEC), is proposed to construct the initial population. The ε -greedy strategy is introduced to utilize the learned knowledge while retaining a certain degree of exploration in the process of selecting LLH. The acceleration operation of the job on the critical path is designed to optimize TTD. The deceleration operation of the job on the noncritical path is designed to optimize TEC. The statistical and computational experimentation in an extensive benchmark testified that the HHQL outperforms the other comparison algorithm regarding efficiency and significance in solving EEDBFSP.

Motivation as a instrument of ruralization of human capital

Theoretical and practical studies confirm the priority of motivational tools for increasing the labor and creative activity of the personnel of agricultural organizations. The results indicate a very high importance of non-material incentives of the peripheral movement of human capital. Together with the structure of territorial distribution of rural population, regional differentiation of its employment, the potential of agrarian production it can be argued that modern motivational approaches to the movement of labor resources in rural areas and their accumulation should be based on the concept of human capital ruralization.A characteristic feature of this process is the orientation on the 3-vector model of sustainable development of rural areas, which is based on the unity of economic, social and environmental components. This approach is more capacious and is based on the formation of objective prerequisites for infrastructural and production-technological growth of agrarian regions and, on this basis, the intensification of population inflow into them. An additional advantage of promoting the motivational mechanism in line with the concept of human capital ruralization is a close relationship with the long-term goals of transforming the national economy, set out in the National strategy for sustainable development of the Republic of Belarus until 2035.

Real Estate Cadastre in the Republic of Moldova: Current Status and Prospects (an interdisciplinary study)

Shaping and improvement of market infrastructure plays, combined with security of property rights, an important role in the implementation of the national sustainable economic development strategy — to include development of the real estate cadastre, whose information underlies most decisions made in private and public sector regarding prudent use and management of land, securing of property rights to real estate, promoting decentralization policies in respect to public property and public budgets. An up-to-date multipurpose real estate cadastre is discussed applying a synergetic approach that involves consideration of the cadastre’s legal, technical, economic, institutional and social aspects. This empirical interdisciplinary study supports the real-estate-cadastre-as-a-system hypothesis.

Exemplarity of the State for the Energy Efficiency of Buildings Institutional - Case of Morocco

Engaged for many years in a strategy to control climate change, Morocco is committed to leverage on sustainable development as a new development model and as a true project for society. This commitment resulted in implementing several reforms targeting the consolidation of a developed economy, improving social conditions, and accelerating positive environmental changes. The public administration developed the Administration Exemplarity Pact (AEP) as a concrete action to lead by example in implementing the National Strategy for Sustainable Development. Developed in accordance with the main stake of the National Strategy of Sustainable Development, its goal is to promote sustainable development governance in our country through several strategic focus areas. This document presents the experience of a Moroccan administration that has implemented the guidelines described in the AEP. The approach and results are detailed and could be used as an example for other Moroccan companies. The first step of the methodology consists of a diagnostic phase to establish the current situation. The second step is related to the strategy to define the approach’s main orientations and the action plan. These key steps allow us to identify areas of improvement and build a roadmap adapted to the current context and constraints. One of the best practices for this approach is to define the main orientations to act by positive contagion on the ecosystem. In conclusion, the AEP axes deployed in a dynamic improvement logic give convincing results. By acting with partners (subcontractors and suppliers), the Moroccan administration can act on the whole value chain and induce an essential change in the Moroccan economic fabric.

Protected Areas in the Function of Sustainable Tourism Development—A Case of Deliblato Sands Special Nature Reserve, Vojvodina Province

The Deliblato Sands Special Nature Reserve (SNR) is located in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Northern Serbia). The favorable position implies the proximity to large cities with which it has good traffic connections. Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Croatia, and other countries from the region represent a dispersive zone. The topic of this paper is the function that the SNR has in sustainable tourism development. The objective of this work is the analytical research of the available written data, as well as those obtained after the conducted survey. The basis of the research is to find out how and to what extent the SNR contributes to sustainable tourism development. The research was carried out by measuring the value of sustainable tourism indicators, and examining the attitudes of residents, visitors, and students about the current state of sustainable tourism and the importance of the SNR for future tourism development. Respondents were selected using a random sample method. The authors used qualitative and quantitative methodologies in the paper. This research examined the SNR sustainable development by measuring sustainability indicators and surveying 1884 respondents (714 residents, 620 visitors, and 550 students) about sustainable tourism in the SNR. The obtained data were analyzed and presented with the help of SPSS v. 21 software. The research results can be used to create national and international strategies for sustainable tourism development.

DETERMINING THE COMPREHENSIVE TARIFF FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT AND THE VALUE OF SECONDARY RESOURCES

One of the main reasons why the EU has achieved such impressive results in minimizing landfills and increasing the rate of recycling has been the “polluter pays” principle. The cost of waste management for the producer should be equal to all the costs of eliminating its adverse effects. The results of household waste management in Ukraine lag far behind those in Europe. Less than 1% of the total amount of household and similar waste is reused. Ukraine risks not achieving the waste management indicators specified in the national sustainable development strategy if the current organizational and economic models remain dominant. Low tariffs for waste management and the absence of a nationwide segregated collection program are believed to be the main factors behind the prevalence of unsanctioned dump sites. The backlog in the implementation of recycling centers, recycling megaprojects and, finally, separate collection programs are the result of insufficient funding. This study provides a full calculation of the inclusive household waste management tariff. The approach was to find the total financial costs, including design, land acquisition, landfill construction and operating cost then, estimate the environmental costs caused by the CO2 emissions. The study estimates the real cost of collecting and transporting separately collected household waste and concludes the net cost after deducting the market value of recyclable materials. According to the results of the study, it turned out that the financial costs for the disposal of household waste in Ukraine reach up to UAH 355, and the cost of emissions may reach UAH 441/ton depending on the type of waste. The article reveals that the tariff for the collection and transportation of household waste must be adjusted depending on the density of the waste components and the market value of secondary raw materials. It has been also found that the costs of collecting and transporting some types of waste can be avoided if the recyclables are self-delivered to the recycling centers. The inclusive collection and transportation tariff, according to this study, should fluctuate between UAH 453 and UAH 1628 per ton. Finally, the study has shown that waste generator can earn between UAH 1072 and UAH 2495 when his recyclables are collected separately.

The Strategic Environmental Assessment as a “Front-Line” Tool to Mediate Regional Sustainable Development Strategies into Spatial Planning: A Practice-Based Analysis

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations calls upon all signatory countries to localize its goals through National and Regional Sustainable Development Strategies (SDS). As in Italy the SDS constitute the framework of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Plans and Programmes (P/P), the question arises as to whether the SEA can represent a fundamental tool for SDS. Although the mutual relationship between 2030 Agenda goals and SEA is recognized in the literature, there is a lack of focus on SDS and SEA. The SEA monitoring system is an essential instrument to redirect P/P trajectories, although it represents a constant weakness of the SEA process. Opening a discussion about the relationship between SDS and SEA, the present contribution aims at assessing SEA monitoring potential in mediating the 2030 Agenda SDS’s objectives into P/P. To this end, the study delves into the SEA monitoring structure through a qualitative and comparative approach, the feasibility of which is illustrated by an application to a set of spatial plans. Results show both good potential and the criticalities of the SEA monitoring system, which allow us to outline practical inputs to update SEA monitoring guidelines and new paths to foster the mutual relationship between the SDS and SEA.

The impact of EU Structural Funds on the national sustainable development strategy: a methodological application

ABSTRACT Between 2019 and 2021, the Autonomous Region of Sardinia and the Eni Enrico Mattei Foundation (FEEM) developed and applied a sustainability assessment model of the investments within the regional operational programmes (ROPs), with specific reference to the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). That same methodology is used here for the assessment of the sustainability of the ROPs co-financed by the European Union with specific reference to Italy’s National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS). In particular, the analysis is done by looking at the contribution of the 182 intervention fields to the NSDS’ strategic goals. Throughout the paper the importance of defining implementation strategies of the NSDS’ National strategic goals through the integration of the indicators, goals and choices of the national strategy into local or regional development plans is emphasized. Finally, the work suggests this methodology as a reference point to ensure careful monitoring of the sustainability of the investments of various European Union policies, in consideration of the importance that the strategy assumes for both Italy and the Italian regions.

The RI.P.R.O.VA.RE. Project for the Regeneration of Inland Areas: A Focus on the Ufita Area in the Campania Region (Italy)

The depopulation of inland areas has reached very high levels in recent years. Among the actions to enhance these areas, the Strategia Nazionale Aree Interne (SNAI) was established in Italy in 2012, which proposed a delimitation of inland territories in light of criteria and indicators related to the distance of small towns from major urban poles. In doing so, SNAI gave less weight to some critical issues and potentialities that are considered, in many cases, particularly significant. In light of these considerations, this paper presents the results of a research project developed by three University Departments of Southern Italy that are in continuity with the activities carried out by SNAI. This project, entitled Re-inhabiting Countries. Operational Strategies for the Valorisation and Resilience of Inland Areas (RI.P.R.O.VA.RE), lasted 22 months, ending in 2022. Funded by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea, it provided a theoretical–methodological contribution to the implementation of the National Sustainable Development Strategy, as well as operational tools to promote sustainable and resilient development processes. The paper focuses, in particular, on the results achieved in one of the selected focus areas, namely the Ufita valley in the Campania region of Southern Italy.

Prihvatanje koncepta održivog razvoja - implikacije za univerzitetsku nastavu

Referring to the National Strategy for Sustainable Development (National Strategy for Sustainable Development, 2008) the obligation of all today's generations is to leave enough chances for development to posterity. That is why the task of the modern world is to harmonize its development with the needs of people and nature, all with the aim of preserving the Earth, both for the current generation and for future generations of people to come.The research has an empirical character, which is aimed at determining the attitudes of future pedagogical staff (future educators) on sustainable development. The aim of the author's work is to examine the connection of attitudes towards the goals of sustainable development with the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, and especially with gender and different regional and national affiliations. A descriptive method was used in the research. The technique of data collection used in the research is the survey technique, and a questionnaire was used as an instrument to assess attitudes about sustainable development. Citizens' awareness of sustainable development, which includes an understanding of the concept of sustainable development, is below the level of awareness of the contents and goals of sustainable development. The obtained findings indicate insufficient recognizability not only of the content of this concept, but also of the construction of the concept of sustainable development. One of the reasons for such a thing lies primarily in the absence of a holistic view of sustainable development. The authors of the research did not confirm the hypothesis that the more pronounced women's values are in culture, the more certain the acceptance of the concept of sustainable development; although they found a partial explanation in the characteristics of the sample itself and the values of the index. By proving that there are regional differences in the value attitudes of the respondents, the authors confirmed the hypothesis that the more pronounced the regional differences, the more pronounced the differences in the value attitudes of the respondents. Despite the essential ignorance of the concept, with the possible connection to some peripheral elements of sustainable development, the authors emphasize its popularization and promotion. Despite the obvious fatigue and failure of experts who are professionally engaged in education in this field, and especially carried by the fact that there is little research that deals with students' attitudes in the field of education and sustainable development, the author intends to elaborate on this topic. and explore deeper. on them which leads them in the area of utopic literature.