National Standards Organizations Research Articles

Impact of total phenolic compounds on ecological and health risks of water and sediments from Timsah Lake, Suez Canal, Egypt.

This study aimed to measure spatial and temporal distributions of total phenolic compounds and their ecological and health hazards using UV-vis spectrophotometers as a low-cost, fast, simple method in water and sediments collected from Timsah Lake, Suez Canal, Egypt, 2022. Also, assessing highly adaptive fungal species associated with contamination is designed. Due to human and environmental activities and industrial waste discharges, Timsah Lake is increasingly threatened by all kinds of pollutants. The results indicated that the seasonal concentration means of the phenolic compounds were winter (0.229) > spring (0.161) > summer (0.124) > autumn (0.131) mg/l and winter (3.08) > summer (2.66) mg/g in water and sediment samples, respectively. The result has shown that the phenol concentrations in all stations were more than 0.005 and 0.1 mg/l for Egyptian National Standards and World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water but less than the limits of 1 mg/l for wastewater. Notably, the fungi recorded the highest counts during spring, totaling 397 colonies/100 ml of water and 842 colonies/gram of sediment. Four isolates of fungi were identified and deposited in the GenBank database by Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium roqueforti, and Penicillium rubens under accession numbers OR401933, OR402837, OR402878, and OR424729, respectively. Moreover, ecological risk (RQ) for the total phenolic compounds was > 1 in all investigated stations for water and sediments. The hazard quotient is HQ < 1 in all seasons in water and sediments except winter. The hazard index (HI) in water and sediments for children is higher than for adults. It can be concluded that the low-cost, fast, simple method for determining phenolic content in water and sediment samples, using UV-vis spectrophotometry, was useful for predicting the reactivates of a wide variety of phenol and their derivatives. Furthermore, it can be concluded that Periodic assessments of water quality and strict regulations are necessary to safeguard this vital resource from pollution and ensure the well-being of future generations. Finally, policymakers and water treatment specialists might use the information from this research to reduce these chemical pollutants in Egypt.

Seasonal Study of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow Milk on the Retail Dairy Market in Gorgan, Iran

Milk and milk products are the main nutritional foods for all age groups, especially for infants and children. Milk may be dangerous to consume due to the presence of a harmful substance called Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The objective of this study was to assess the levels of AFM1 in milk, particularly those that exceed the standards set by the European Union (50 ng/L), the Food and Drug Administration (500 ng/L), and the Iranian National Standards Organization (100 ng/L). The study included one hundred and eighty samples of raw cow’s milk from various retail dairy markets in Gorgan, with 45 samples collected during each season. The level of Aflatoxin M1 in the samples was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. AFM1 was detected in 139 (72.2%) raw cow milk samples with a range of 3.5–357 ng/L. All of the samples collected had Aflatoxin M1 concentration levels that were below the maximum limit of 500 ng/L set by the FDA. However, 41 samples (22.7%) exceeded the EU’s limit of 50 ng/L, and 26 samples (14.4%) exceeded the INSO’s limit of 100 ng/L for Aflatoxin M1 in raw cow’s milk. The lowest and highest AFM1 levels of contamination were detected in the summer and winter seasons, which constituted 32 (71.1%) and 38 (84.4%) samples, respectively. The consumption of raw cow milk can lead to health risks for individuals from various age groups because regulatory limits are not being followed.

Risk of Pesticides Mixtures in Rice to Birds and Humans in Iran.

Rice is a staple in the diet of nearly half of the world's population. As with most crops, pesticides are used as a tool to increase crop yield in rice farming. This study investigated the residues of 14 organophosphate insecticides and 2 herbicides in rice cultivated at five locations in the southwest of Iran. The pesticide residues were then used to estimate the risk that they may pose to the health of bird and human consumers. The rice samples from the five locations contained residues from 10 to 13 pesticides. Of the 16 pesticides measured, the mean concentration of 12 pesticides exceeded the maximum residue limit set by the Iranian National Standards Organization at two or more of the sampling sites. The greatest total exceedance (sum of all pesticides detected in rice) of the species sensitivity distributions constructed for birds was 0.74% and the level of concern set for the assessment was an exceedance ≥ 5%, which suggests a relatively low risk to birds. For human consumers, no single pesticide measured in rice samples posed a considerable risk. However, when considering the mixture of pesticides present in rice samples, the cumulative risk exceeded the level of concern in all samples from all sites. The margin of safety for the mixture of pesticides present in rice samples ranged from 5.8 to 29.1, with 1 being the level of concern. The results of this study indicate that efforts need to be made to mitigate the exposure of human consumers to pesticides present in rice cultivated in Iran. This study also highlights the need to collect data on pesticides residues in other crop cultivated in Iran.

Determinants and Evaluation of Onsite Water Loss Due to Leakages in a Selected Institution in South Africa

Water loss due to onsite leakage is a problem in the effective management of potable water mostly in semi-arid and arid countries of the world whose quantity of freshwater is depleted, and recharge is highly variable. This study assessed the quality and quantity of water loss in an academic institution due to onsite leakage resulting from various drivers such as leaks, corrosion, pressure, ageing infrastructure, and student attitude. An observational approach was used for water loss analysis. Samples were collected from each point from which water is lost and analyzed for physicochemical parameters, indicator microbes, and trace metals using standard procedures. It was observed that a high amount of water is lost in the study area which was partly influenced by high water pressure, the corrosion of taps and faucets, tap faults, and leaks. A total water loss of 9013.56 L/day in three selected residences of the institution was recorded. The wasted water was found to be of good quality with no harmful contamination. The Metal Pollution Index (MPI) showed that the water poses no threat from trace metals with a maximum MPI value of 7.76. The sampled water quality complied to the South African National Standard and World Health Organization standards for drinking water. The hazard quotient and hazard index both showed a level less than one, implying no possible non-carcinogenic risk associated with the consumption of the water. The wasted water from the institution’s residences is therefore of a very high quality and needs to be conserved for better usage.

Probiotic-Based Optimization of Pistachio Paste Production and Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 Using Bifidobacterium lactis

Pistachio paste is very popular for breakfast or supper thanks to its desirable taste, flavor, and texture. One of the hazards that are directly related to agricultural practices, processing, storage, and transportation of pistachios and the byproducts is aflatoxin, which can cause irreversible effects on the consumer. Probiotics are one of the most effective and safe methods to reduce aflatoxins. The variables under study were temperature and time, aflatoxin concentration, and probiotic content. In total, 30 treatments were determined through the rotatable central composite design. This is the first and most comprehensive study to optimize the production of probiotic pistachio paste and investigate the detoxification effects of aflatoxin B1 using Bifidobacterium lactis with six treatments and three replications in the pistachio paste matrix. In simple terms, it is possible to remove a higher percentage of toxins by increasing the number of microorganisms and decreasing the toxin level. The highest aflatoxin B1 reduction was observed in pistachio paste with aflatoxin B1 contamination of (19.7039 ng/g), which was spiked with Bifidobacterium lactis (109 CFU/g) and then stored at 25°C for 26.1853 days (aflatoxin B1: 8.00007 ng/g = 59.4% reduction), which is consistent with the permissible limits of the Iran National Standards Organization and the European Commission Regulation. The results showed a significant reduction in the aflatoxin B1 level in pistachio paste. The probiotics reduced aflatoxin B1 contamination to a permissible level. This is an important, safe, and effective solution, and unlike other methods, it increases the nutritional value of the product.

A survey on nitrate level in vegetables to assess the potential health risks in Iran

ABSTRACT The present study aims to assess the nitrate level of vegetables as the major sources of nitrates in the human diet as well as the health risks resulting from their consumption in Iran. Therefore, 332 samples were randomly selected to determine the nitrate level in accordance with European Regulation (EC) No 194/97 through ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detector. The data showed the extremely variable level of nitrate ranging from 2 to 1950 mg.kg−1 in different vegetables. The highest nitrate median level was observed in spinach (393 mg.kg−1) and lettuce (283 mg.kg−1) and the lowest level, which was less than the permissible limit approved by the Iranian national standard organization (INSO) was found in shallot and carrot (Except to one cucumber sample). The health risk index (HRI) of nitrate, which was calculated based on the estimated daily intake (EDI) in all tested samples, was in the acceptable range, indicating that the nitrate intake resulting from vegetable consumption does not have any health risk for the Iranian population. However, it the necessity to be monitored regular surveillance of nitrate level in vegetables.

Concentration of heavy metals in canned tuna fish and probabilistic health risk assessment in Iran

ABSTRACT Heavy metals are the most considerable pollutants of marine organisms due to their toxic and cumulative properties. The heavy metal (lead: Pb, cadmium: Cd, mercury: Hg, and tin: Sn) contents were examined in 92 samples of canned tuna from the market in eight Iranian cities using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, the estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard quotient (THQ) were calculated. None of the tested samples exceeded the Iran National Standards Organization (INSO) and Codex limits for Cd and Sn. The amount of Pb in the samples from the city of Qom exceeded the allowable limit. HQ percentile 95% of heavy metal for Sn, Hg, Pb, and Cd was equal to 0.0096, 0.185, 0.0099 and 0.0021, respectively. The HQ and THQ was lower than one for all tested heavy metals suggesting that health risk associated with the consumption of canned tuna in major cities of Iran is negligible. Due to the fact that in some samples, and especially that the samples collected from a particular city have a higher level of heavy metals than the standard limits, it is recommended authorities take more control measures to maintain public health.

Codes of Practice for Geotechnical Engineering: Site Investigations ( SI ): Review Paper

This paper presents a review of some national and regional codes of practice in the area of Geotechnical engineering siteinvestigation (SI). The goal is to identify some significant issues relevant to professional practice in Sudan and to highlight howthey were approached and dealt with in different codes.The scope of the SI comprises the number of points to be investigated. these may be test pits, boreholes, fieldsoundings, geophysical soundings. The extent of the SI is generally described by the depth of boreholes and /or typesof field soundings. The scope and extent of SI are strongly related to the types of structures and loadings as well as to thegeotechnical character of the site.The final result of the SI is presented in a geotechnical report, including field work, laboratory work and recommendationsfor design and construction. The report must be prepared by an experienced Geotechnical Engineer.The fact that SI is usually carried out in the very early stages of the project, when even the project funding may not havebeen fully secured, tends to create a situation where costs available for SI may be restricted. It is widely believed that SI isa very significant component of any civil engineering project. While the cost of the SI is a minor component, it is of majorimportance to project risk management and will positively affect total costs. &#x0D; It is recommended that a Sudanese Code of Practice for Geotechnical Engineering be adopted to regulate and upgradethe professional practice in this area. This activity should be carried out under the auspices of the national Standardsorganization. The Sudanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering can be instrumental in theseactivities.

Kentsel teknik altyapı tesislerine yönelik uluslararası coğrafi veri modellerinin analizi

Utility networks consist of physical constructions which transport utility service products such as power, water, gas and telecommunication. The pressure of urban population growth increases the density of urban underground areas, moreover, privatization of utilities increases decentralization and fragmentation in the utility sector. Geographic information related to utility networks are mainly held in various formats by utility organizations for operation and asset management activities. Integration and information exchange of utility data are required for numerous activities, namely design, construction and repair of utility networks, disaster planning, emergency response. The differences in data models and information systems limit the ability of integration of different utility data, as well as information exchange among relevant parties such as utility companies, local authorities and other public bodies. Several national and international standardization organizations develop data models and/or data exchange methods that focus on the needs for different use cases which require geospatial data exchange. This paper examines international data models for sharing and exchange of utility network data. It is emphasized that there is no international data model addressing the needs of all use cases, while the models’ content, scope, functionality, and geographic representation capabilities depend on the use cases they focus on.

LED Reliability Assessment Using a Novel Monte Carlo-Based Algorithm

Application of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the statistical analysis of LED lumen maintenance is presented in this paper. Lumen maintenance data is acquired using experimental tests accomplished in the electro-optics laboratory of the Mazinoor lighting industry, which is an accredited laboratory by Iranian National Standards organization. The sampling rate and the duration of the experiments are consistent with LM-80-15 standard introduced by the Illumination Engineering Society of North America. In some cases, due to the existence of nonlinear dynamics in real trends of light flux, particularly in the first 1,000 hours, features are not completely captured using traditional reliability assessment techniques such as TM-21. In this study, a two-phase model is applied to cover features in lumen maintenance data. Furthermore, to estimate the parameters of the dedicated model in mild and severe operating conditions, a nonlinear Kalman filter-based method known as the iterated extended Kalman filter (IEKF) is used. A set of MC simulations are run to construct the probability density functions (PDFs) for the estimated parameters. Each simulation uses different values of the parameters chosen from the corresponding distribution. Finally, lifetime PDFs are constructed to extract reliability indices. All of the simulations are conducted in MATLAB and the results are compared with the conventional and well-known TM-21 approach.

ارزیابی فعالیت اسپوری کشی محلول ضدعفونی کننده اپیدکس بر علیه اسپورهای باسیلوس سوبتیلیس

Introduction: Today, maintaining patient safety while receiving medical services is a basic necessity, and failure to disinfect vital instruments leads to the spread of nosocomial infections. Therefore, sterilizing tools and equipment with high-level disinfectant solutions is an essential step in controlling the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of high-level disinfectant chemical solutions based on orthophthaldehyde. Material and methods: To evaluate the sporocidal activity of disinfectant, the dilution-neutralization test method was performed according to the protocol 11796 of the Iranian national Standards organization. In this method, after preparing different dilutions of bacterial spores, the suspension containing Bacillus subtilis spores was exposed to disinfectant at different times. The effect of disinfectant was neutralized after 5, 15 and 30 minutes and a constant volume of different dilutions of suspension was cultured in Muller-Hinton agar medium and finally bacterial colonies were counted. Result: OPIDEX disinfectant solution reduced the number of microorganisms by 3 logs after 5 minutes of exposure to suspensions containing 104, 105 and 106 spores. After 15 and 30 minutes, the rate of reduction of microorganisms was 4 log and 5 log, respectively in suspensions containing 105 and 106 spores. Conclusion: OPIDEX disinfectant solution could reduce the number of spores in the suspension by 6 log in a time-dependent process, Therefore, this disinfectant solution with high sporicidal power can be used to disinfect medical equipment in the hospital.

Monitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentration in Karun River and effluents of water treatment plants

This study aimed to determine the concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) in influent and effluent of Ahvaz water treatment plants during 2018–2019. All measured concentrations were less than the maximum allowable concentrations recommended by the National Standards Organization of Iran (1053) and WHO guidelines. The results showed that the Ahvaz treatment plant decreased the concentration of 2,4-D by 69.2%. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the persistent organic pollutants such as pesticides in different seasons, especially in autumn, winter, and spring that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used.

The Production of Functional White- Brined Cheese by the Replacement of Milk Fat with Grape Seed Oil

The Production of Functional White- Brined Cheese by the Replacement of Milk Fat with Grape Seed Oil Abstract: Background and objectives: Cheese is one of the valuable dairy products which are consumed a lot in Iran and in the world. Due to increasing fat-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and obesity, replacement of cheese with oils containing functional fatty acids and less saturated fatty acids have been seriously taken into consideration in recent years. The aim of this study was the partial replacement of milk fat with grape seed oil which contains essential and unsaturated fatty acids for the production of a functional cheese. Materials and methods: Fresh milk was prepared from Maku farms and after separation of milk fat, it was standardized by grape seed oil, Olitalia trademark, and cream with the ratios of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25. Then, Cheese samples were produced according to general industrial method. A control cheese sample was produced from whole milk. Physical and chemical properties of cheese samples including pH, acidity, fat, salt, moisture and sensory characteristics during the 60 days of ripening of cheese were measured according to Iranian National Standard Organization test methods, no. 2852, 1809, 760, and 4938 respectively. Measuring lipolysis index and fatty acid profiles were done through Nunez et al. and gas chromatography method respectively. Results: The results of this research showed that there was no significant difference between pH, acidity, moisture and salt content of samples substituted with grape seed oil and control cheese sample (p <0.05). But the effect of ripening time on mentioned properties was significant. All samples containing grape seed oil had more essential fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and less saturated fatty acids compared to the control, the amount of linoleic acid in control sample and samples containing 25%, 50%, 75% of grape seed oil, were 3, 17, 20 and 35 percent and the amount of oleic acid, 22, 26, 27.5 and 29.5 percent, respectively. The results of sensory evaluation of all treatments showed that in the term of texture, control sample cheese had the highest score, but cheese contains 75 percent grape seed oil gained highest score in color, odor and taste. In term of overall acceptability samples that contain 75% grape seed oil had more score compared to other samples. Conclusion: The results of this research showed the feasibility of substitution of cheese fat with grape seed oils for the production of more healthy, nutritional and functional white brined cheese. Key words: White brined cheese, functional, grape seed oil, milk fat

Combination of temperature-assisted ternary phase homogenous liquid-liquid extraction with deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction of phytosterols from cow milk and cream samples.

A three-phase homogenous liquid-liquid extraction method followed by deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction has been used for the extraction and preconcentration of some phytosterols from cow milk and cream samples. In this method, cow milk or melted cream was transferred into a glass test tube and a mixture of sodium hydroxide solution (as fatty acids saponification agent) and acetonitrile (as extraction/dispersive solvent) was added to the solution. The mixture was shaken manually and placed in a water bath. After dissolving sodium chloride and centrifugation, the obtained supernatant phase (acetonitrile) was removed and mixed with ethyl methyl ammonium chloride: phenyl acetic acid deep eutectic solvent at microliter level. Under optimum conditions, low limits of detection (1.6-4.1μg/L) and quantification (5.3-13.1μg/L), high enrichment factors (138-207), and extraction recoveries (55-83%), and good precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 6.8%) can be obtained. The method was done on different milk and cream samples and the results showed that total phytosterols level in all samples were in the permitted level established by the National Standard Organization Guidelines, except for three cream samples.

Assessment of prescribing patterns of antibiotics using National Treatment Guidelines and World Health Organization prescribing indicators at the Ghana Police Hospital: a pilot study.

Introductionirrational or inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics is a major problem in healthcare and leads to antibiotic resistance. There is the need to understand the prescribing patterns and antibiotic stewardship in health facilities to support appropriate antibiotic use. A study was carried out to evaluate prescribing pattern of antibiotics at the Ghana Police Hospital using National Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG) and World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators.Methodsa cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Ghana Police Hospital. Data on prescriptions of antibiotics for both out-patients and in-patients was collected between December 2019 and March 2020. A pretested self-designed tool was used for data collection. All sampled prescriptions were assessed for appropriateness using the STG of 2017 and WHO “AWaRe” classification. The criteria used in assessment included dose, frequency, duration of treatment and choice of antibiotic prescribed for disease condition. Descriptive statistics were used in data analysis.Resultsa total of 184 patient prescriptions (286 antibiotics) were included in this study. Results showed that antibiotics were mostly prescribed for dental and dental-related conditions (20.7%) and obstetric post-delivery prophylaxis (18.1%). Appropriateness of indicators for antibiotics prescribed assessed ranged between 89.2% to 97.6%. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were metronidazole (25.9%), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (22.0%), amoxicillin (16.4%) and ciprofloxacin (10.1%). Based on WHO “AWaRe” classification, the “access” group of antibiotics (74%) was the most prescribed, followed by “watch” group (24%). There were no antibiotics prescribed from the “reserve” group of antibiotics and another 2% that was not part of AwaRe classification.Conclusionstudy revealed that the level of appropriateness for prescribing indicators assessed was relatively high and majority of prescribed antibiotics were from the “access” and “watch” group. These observations suggest responsible prescribing of antibiotics at the Ghana Police Hospital and effective antibiotic stewardship should be sustained and improved.

Development of A Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique for Evaluation of Multi-class Pesticides in Rice Samples.

In the current study, a liquid chromatography coupled mass detector was set up to detect and quantify 108 pesticide residues in rice samples. QuEChERS method was applied for sample preparation and different validation parameters were determined to ensure the suitability of the method. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration 0.01-1.00 mg/kg with a coefficient of determination (R2) of more than 0.990 for all compounds. Based on signal to noise studies, the calculated LODs and LOQs were 0.005-0.060 mg/kg and 0.018-0.199 mg/kg, respectively; and acquired mean recoveries at three spiked levels (0.025, 0.200 and 0.800 mg/kg) were 72% - 117% with RSD < 20%. The developed method was used to investigate the occurrence of the studied pesticides in 65 internal and 65 foreign rice samples. The results showed that 14 internal and 15 imported samples were found to be contaminated 12 pesticides in the amounts between 0.027 mg/kg to 0.078 mg/kg and 0.031 mg/kg to 0.081 mg/kg, respectively. According to the Iranian regulations, with the exception of nine prohibited pesticides for rice production in Iran, bioallethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, flutriafol, foramsulfuron, imazalil, phosphamidon, TCMTB, and triasulfuron, three permitted pesticides, cinosulfuron, triadimenol, and tricyclazole, found in positive rice samples were below MRLs established by Iranian National Standard Organization (INSO).

Scenario of Standardization of Wood Based Panel Products in India

Standards provide the technicalrequirements formaterials, dimensions and tolerances, grading, testing procedures marking and other details. Their main objective is to define quality levels for products in accordance with the principal demands of the trade and to provide means for close adherence to the levels ofqualities thus defined. National standardization bodies ofrespective countries govern the standardization activities of the countries. Bureau oflndian Standards (BIS) is the National Standards Organization in India responsible forstandardization activityin India. The standards related to panel products are dealt under technical committees under Civil engineering divisional committee ofBIS. In India certification is not mandatory, except for few items like electrical goods, medicines. Certification of wood products and panels from wood and other lignocellulosic materials is also voluntary. Wood is a scarce raw material and its production, processing and utilization have strong environmental implications and it is high time that this processed raw material is used to produce value added and durable products. Standards play a significant role in sphere ofqualitylevel, quality assurance, quality advancement and trade. For continuous progress ofpanel products, strict adherence by industry to standards is needed. Certification through testing ofproducts can be utilized as a tool for gaining consumer's confidence.

Reliability and Validity of Biostatical Analysis used for Pharmacy Research Questionnaire in Saudi Arabia

PTB Reports,2020,6,3,96-104.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2020.6.18Published:March 2020Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, and Ismail Hassan Amer Abu Rayah Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, Critical Care Clinical Pharmacists, TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor and Data Analyst, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Abstract:Objectives: To declare reliability and validity of Biostatical Analysis used for Pharmacy Research Survey in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a cross-section survey developed by the authors and the research team. It’s based on the updated literature, national and international accreditation standards organizations. The Internal consistency, reliability through inter-rater reliability, item-item coloration, item-total coloration, Split half reliability (Gutmann’s λ6) and McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha. The validity contained of face content validity, construct validity through exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. All analysis had been done through Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Statistical Package of Social Sciences-Analysis of Moment Structures (SPSS-Amos) and Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). Results: A total of 209 pharmacists responded. The majority of responders were Saudi 185 (88.52%). The among responders were males [108 (61.77%)] and females [101 (48.33%)]. The three tests had been done with reliability of 31 questions. The completed responders (185) (mean ± SD) was 3.236 ± 0.326 and McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann’s λ6 were 0.980, 0.980 and 0.990, respectively with CI 95% (0.975-0.983) and inter-item coloration was 0.607, while the item-total coloration >0.53 and McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann’s λ6 value if deleted was >0.97. By using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of sampling adequacy was 0.966 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity with approximate chi-square was <0.001. The commonalities extraction for all questions was >0.57, the related components were four of all 31 questions in four components as suggested. They were not confirmed by confirmatory with statistically significant (p<0.001) of the factor model, by factor analysis, by scree plot and pathway analysis and fit not with the original survey changed to 3 factor loading. The confirmatory factor index was (0.761), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) was (0.737), Goodness of fit index (GFI) was (0.844) and expected cross validation index (ECVI) (9.029). The collinearity of 23 questions was autocorrelation (2.609e -5) with not statistically significant (p=0.951). The majority of 23 question had Enjuone value close to number 1, while 11 questions had condition index more than 30. All of the 23 questions had The Variance inflation factor (VIF) less than 10 except four questions and had tolerance more than 0.1 except four questions. Conclusion: The reliability and validity related to the corrected survey of biostatistics analysts used in pharmaceutical research in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were high. The pharmacy practice was properly used in further future research in Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Biostatical Analysis, Knowledge, Pharmacy, Reliability, Research, Saudi Arabia, Survey, ValidityView:PDF (452.29 KB) PDF PDF Images confirmatory analysis pathway diagram

Model Capacity Building Pada Pesantren Perbatasan Binaan Dinas Pendidikan Dayah Provinsi Aceh

The era of globalization demands education institution to be adaptive, creative, and innovative, including Islamic boarding schools as the institutions of Islamic education which become the national cultural heritage. One of the innovative programs is capacity building as a series of strategies aimed at increasing efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness of performance. This study was directed to explore capacity building implementation at Darul Amin Islamic modern boarding school Southeast Aceh. A qualitative research approach with a case study as the research strategy was implemented. The results of the study showed that capacity building focused on three dimensions, namely (1) human resource development; (2) organizational strengthening, and (3) institutional reform. The principle of Darul Amin capacity building contained the elements of participation, repetition, relevance, transfer, and feedback. In the process of capacity building, there were four stages, namely (1) pre-formal stage (pilot education organization); (2) formal stage (potential education organization); (3) transitional stage (national standard education organization); and (4) autonomous stage (international standard education organization). Towards the existence of the institution, Darul Amin also made various efforts at various levels, namely the system level, organizational level, and individual level.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕРЕЖНИХ РЕСУРСІВ ДЛЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ НЕФІЛОЛОГІЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

У статті висвітлено теоретичні основи та елементи практичного досвіду використання мережних ресурсів як одного з важливих засобів формування термінологічної компетентності майбутніх фахівців нефілологічного профілю в закладах вищої освіти України під час навчальної діяльності різних видів. Окреслено зміст поняття «термінологічна компетентність» як важливого складника професійної компетентності, визначено особливості інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій з метою оптимізації процесу навчання та опанування термінології в рамках курсу «Українська мова (за професійним спрямуванням)». Зроблено огляд термінологічної діяльності міжнародних і національних організацій зі стандартизації країн Європи та Америки, схарактеризовано термінологічну активність провідних міжнародних організацій з метою доречного використання цієї інформації в навчальному процесі. Наголошено, що значне місце в інформаційному сегменті посідають термінографічні ресурси: термінологічні банки / бази даних, електронні термінологічні словники і словники автоматизованих систем оброблення текстів та предметно зорієнтованих корпусів текстів, які стають основою для ефективної методики організації практичних занять, самостійної роботи студентів і проведення наукових досліджень з проблем термінології. Запропоновано систему пізнавальних, тренувальних і творчо-дослідницьких вправ, які мають на меті формування термінологічної компетентності студентів нефілологічних спеціальностей закладів вищої освіти, зокрема розв’язання проблемних ситуацій, які вимагають пошуку електронних термінографічних джерел і фахових текстів, їх оцінки, креативного використання, перекладу і зіставлення українських наукових термінів з відповідниками з інших мов, редагування, що забезпечують у комплексі ефективну професійну діяльність. З’ясовано, що використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, насамперед мережних ресурсів, у навчальному процесі створює передумови для кардинального оновлення змістово-цільових і технологічних сторін навчання.