National Standard Reference Data System Research Articles

70 Years of Evaluated Chemical Kinetics Data in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, the National Standard Reference Data System Series, and the NBS Kinetics Data Center

We provide an overview of 70 years of evaluated chemical kinetic data published in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (dating to 1972), the National Standard Reference Data System series (dating to 1965), as part of the National Bureau of Standards Chemical Kinetics Data Center (dating to 1951), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Kinetics Database (SRD 17) (dating to 1990).

Data Programs at NBS/NIST: 1901–2021

A detailed overview is provided of the vast number of innovative data programs over 120 years at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). These programs provide critically evaluated data used throughout the world. The NBS was founded in 1901 through an act of Congress and in 1988 renamed as the NIST. Measurement and dissemination of scientific data to support competitiveness in American industry has been the core of its mission from the beginning. The National Standard Reference Data System (NSRDS) at NBS was established in 1963, followed by the SRD Act of 1968 to establish data evaluation centers and coordinated comprehensive programs to ensure that reliable reference data are easily accessible by scientists, engineers, and the general public. The Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (JPCRD), started in 1972, has now published 50 volumes. NSRDS and JPCRD publications have provided widely employed print databases in many areas of science; these databases were expanded to computer databases in the 1980s and then to web-based databases in the 1990s. The data programs at NBS/NIST provide critically evaluated data in areas such as the thermodynamic properties of gas- and condensed-phase compounds, their multicomponent mixtures as well as chemical reactions, ceramic-phase equilibria, crystallographic data, refrigerants, water/ice/steam, gas-phase ionic species, atomic energy levels and molecular spectra, molecular mass spectra and peptide mass spectra, chemical kinetics, the CODATA fundamental constants of nature, and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry International Chemical Identifier (InChI).

Stance of halides towards γ-rays on the basis of radiation interaction parameters

ABSTRACTBoth the Basic and practical formulism were utilized in this study to determine the effective atomic numbers () of some halide material such that fluorides (NaF, MgF2, KF, CaF2, RbF, CsF and BaF2), chlorides (NaCl, AlCl3, KCl, CuCl, RbCl, AgCl and BaFCl), bromides (NaBr, KBr, RbBr, AgBr, CsBr and BaFBr) and iodides (NaI, KI, CsI, RbI, BaFI and BaFBrI). Effective atomic number was calculated by using power law whose index was defined differently by some authors. The mass attenuation coefficient was figured out using Bragg's law (also called Mixture rule) for the selected materials in the photon energy range of 1 keV–20 MeV, and each absorption peak was explained. National Standard Reference Data System (NSRDS-NBS 29) was used to interpolate the attenuation cross-section () values in order to calculate equivalent atomic number (Zeq) using the logarithmic interpolation formula, calculated for each selected halide was utilized to evaluate the effective atomic number for total gamma photon interaction (Zeff,PI) photon energy absorption (Zeff,PEA), and Zeff thus calculated was utilized to find out the electron density (Ne). The methods utilized in this study exhibited a decent conformity in the effective atomic numbers for Compton scattering and pair production energy regions. A significant contrast in determined by the direct and the interpolation method was seen in photoelectric and pair production energy regions. The direct method is applicable in low–photon energy (1keV < E < 100 keV) where photo–absorption dominates and in intermediate–energy (100keV < E < 10 MeV) where Compton scattering interaction dominates. The values at 1 MeV were higher than for selected chlorides. AgBr among selected bromides and NaI, KI & CsI among selected iodides behaved anomalously at 1 MeV as compared to their respective selected families.

The national standard reference data system of the united states

The national standard reference data system of the united states

NBS data system gets wide support

Congressional authorization for continuing funding of the National Bureau of Standards' National Standard Reference Data System (NSRDS) runs out at the end of June. But judging from the unanimity o...

Ionization potentials, appearance potentials, and heats of formation of gaseous positive ions, by J. L. Franklin, J. G. Dillard, H. M. Rosenstock, J. T. Herron, K. Draxl, F. H. Field. National Standard Reference Data System, National Bureau Of Standards, 26, Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, 1969. 289 pp. $4.00

Ionization potentials, appearance potentials, and heats of formation of gaseous positive ions, by J. L. Franklin, J. G. Dillard, H. M. Rosenstock, J. T. Herron, K. Draxl, F. H. Field. National Standard Reference Data System, National Bureau Of Standards, 26, Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, 1969. 289 pp. $4.00

Publications in spectroscopy of the national standard reference data system

Publications in spectroscopy of the national standard reference data system

Publications in spectroscopy of the national standard reference data system

Publications in spectroscopy of the national standard reference data system

PROGRESS WITH DATA CENTRES

Critical reference data may be defined as the critically evaluated measurements of basic properties of definable systems. Such data are selected after rejection of inaccurate or ill‐defined measurements or measurements which do not relate to definable properties and materials. The earlier collection and compilation of reference data was confined to areas where there were groups of scientists willing to undertake the compilation and where there was a clear interest in their use. Following the recognition that the task of critical data compilation, long left to individuals or groups, needed proper examination, co‐ordination and financing, some centres, a notable example being the National Bureau of Standards, United States, have undertaken a broad and systematic attack on the problem to identify and fill the gaps and to ensure a uniformly good quality of output. In June 1963 a National Standard Reference Data System was established within the administration of the National Bureau of Standards, the actual responsibility within the NBS being assigned to the Office of Standard Reference Data. The extent of the activities of the NSRDS at the present time is surveyed in NBS Technical Note 448 which lists in detail the data activities falling within the national data system.

The National Standard Reference Data System

The National Standard Reference Data System is a government-wide effort to give to the technical community of the United States optimum access to the quantitative data of physical science, critically evaluated and compiled for convenience. This program was established in 1963 through action of the President's Office of science and Technology and the Federal Council for Science and Technology, acting upon the recommendation of the Council's Committee on Scientific and Technical Information. The National Bureau of Standards has been assigned responsibility for administering the effort. The general object of the system is to coordinate and integrate existing activities in data evaluation and compilation into a systematic comprehensive program, supplementing and expanding technical coverage when necessary, establishing and maintaining standard for the output of the participating groups, and providing mechanisms for dissemination of the output as required. The NSRDS is a decentralized operation of nationwide scope, with central coordination by the Bureau; it comprises a complex of data centers and other activities carried on in government agencies, academic institutions, and nongovernmental laboratories. The independent operational status of existing data projects is maintained and encouraged. Data centers that are components of NSRDS produce compilations of critically evaluated data, critical reviews of the state of quantitative knowledge in specialized areas, and computations of useful functions derived from standard reference data.

The National Standard Reference Data System Program in Atomic and Molecular Properties

The National Standard Reference Data System Program in Atomic and Molecular Properties

National Standard Reference Data System in the United States

National Standard Reference Data System in the United States