National Information Security Research Articles

The Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine in the system of entities protecting national interests in the information sphere

The article examines the activities of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine in the context of ensuring national interests and information security of the state. In the third year of the full-scale, combined with a hybrid component, the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the issue of information sovereignty becomes a critical element of the country’s overall security. Attention is focused on the role of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine as a key body responsible for the formation and implementation of state policy in the fields of culture, information policy, and national heritage. The article analyzes the organizational and legal foundations of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine, its functions and tasks. Special attention is paid to the legal and regulatory aspects of the functioning of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine, its evolution, as well as interaction with other state authorities, in particular the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, and the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting. Since the Constitution of Ukraine does not provide for a specific department responsible for information security, the functions of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine are regulated by secondary legislation and specific laws, such as the Law of Ukraine “On National Security of Ukraine” and the Law of Ukraine “On Media”. The study emphasizes that the Information Security Strategy of Ukraine, approved in 2021, defines key threats and tasks in the field of information sovereignty. It also lays the foundation for coordinated actions of all subjects of state policy in countering destructive informational influences. The significance of the Information Security Strategy as an important regulatory document defining the basics of protection against external and internal threats is outlined. The Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine, among other tasks, forms and publishes a list of persons who pose threats to national security. The problem of separation of powers in the field of information security is analyzed. At the same time, it is emphasized that information security remains one of the key priorities of national security, particularly in the context of countering disinformation and other negative informational influences. It is emphasized that strengthening cooperation between authorities and civil society is key to ensuring a stable information space and forming a favorable environment for the protection of Ukraine’s national interests. The results of the study are aimed at finding ways to increase the effectiveness of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine in the context of countering modern threats and ensuring information sovereignty.

COUNTERING DISINFORMATION POLICY: CHALLENGES FOR UKRAINE’S NATIONAL SECURITY

he article examines the problems of combating disinformation in the conditions of a modern full-scale war and overcoming the challenges facing the national security of Ukraine. The concept of disinformation, its impact on public consciousness and the key mechanisms of the spread of false information are outlined. The main directions of the policy of combating disinformation aimed at ensuring information security and resistance to information attacks have been studied. The importance of the development of media literacy among the population as one of the main tools for countering disinformation campaigns through educational programs and social interaction is revealed. The experience of combating disinformation in the developed countries of the world, the USA and the countries of the European Union, is analyzed. The role of state and international initiatives, the cooperation of governments with technology companies, as well as the implementation of legislative mechanisms are highlighted. The main tools aimed at regulating the spread of false information in the information space are revealed. The study emphasizes the importance of active cooperation with international partners to ensure an effective fight against disinformation at the global level. Special attention is paid to the role of international organizations in the formation of a unified strategy for countering disinformation attacks. Prospects for attracting international support for the development of national information protection systems and Ukraine's participation in global information security initiatives are being considered. Proposed means of an effective policy of combating disinformation, which combine legislative, technical and educational measures. The methods of ensuring resistance to external information threats are characterized. Particular attention is paid to media literacy programs, which have become important elements of national strategies in the fight against fakes and disinformation attacks. The article considers the possibilities of implementing international experience in Ukraine with the aim of strengthening national information security. The expediency of developing complex programs, including the strengthening of modern means of monitoring the information space and raising the level of critical thinking among the population, is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the need to create a national security strategy for combating disinformation, which will allow effective response to new threats and ensure information security in the conditions of modern warfare.

A Disappearance of National Security Information: A Case Study of Article 329 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in Particular

The study of the consequences of the disappearance of national security information is vital for national security and international relations. It helps to understand the threats better and develop effective strategies to prevent and minimize the impact of incidents. This article aims to examine the cases of the disappearance of national security information and its consequences for national and international security. The methodological basis for this article includes a dialectical method of scientific knowledge, content analysis, modeling, and the logical and normative approach. The article emphasizes the importance of proper criminal law qualification for such actions. The study also determines the legal status of such actions in criminal law and the impact of statutory provisions on the prevention of and response to such incidents on an international scale.

Serum species identification using mid-infrared and far-infrared spectroscopy combined with neural network algorithms

Serum is a widely used biological fluid containing rich biological information, commonly employed in clinical diagnosis and medical treatment. However, since human serum contains genetic information of races and involves national information security, accurate identification of species serum is required for customs import and export trade. In this study, we propose a species serum identification method combining mid-infrared and far-infrared spectroscopy with neural network algorithms. By collecting spectra of 147 serum samples from 8 species and conducting preliminary analysis on specific spectral ranges, differences between spectra of certain species were identified. Subsequently, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was constructed for species identification and classification, achieving recognition accuracy of 95.00 % for human and non-human serums (binary classification) and 8 species of serums (octal classification). Through correlation analysis, the corresponding relationships between species serums and their spectral characteristic regions, as well as relevant molecular groups and chemical bonds, were clarified. This reveals the underlying mechanism for species recognition based on serum spectra. Furthermore, by nesting multiple segmented progressive sub-models and optimizing the weight ratios of spectral features, the accuracy of species recognition was improved to 98.95 % while the computational complexity was greatly reduced. These results provide a reliable and efficient method for rapid differentiation of species serums, with important implications for the identification of other biological fluids.

The Formation of the Image of Forensic Science by the Example of the International Project “East — West: Partnership in Forensic Science”

The formation of the modern appearance of the field of forensic examination is the definition of its external outlines and boundaries, technological potential, a set of features that characterize the main vector of special knowledge, the priorities of internal methodological structures and the content of professional competencies. This has always been due to the desire to find an optimal balance between the needs of the law enforcement officer and the capabilities of the subjects of applying special knowledge. Scientific and practical conferences and forums have always been of great importance in these processes. The international project “East-West: Partnership in Forensic Science” is one of the clearest examples of this. As a result of the study of the final materials of this project over twenty years the author examines the genesis of a new class of humanitarian forensic examinations, which was a response to modern challenges in the Russian Federation. The tasks of forensic expert support for the protection of spiritual and moral values, national culture and historical memory are formulated. Along with the already established comprehensive psychological and linguistic examination, a whole interdisciplinary complex of additional forensic studies of information materials is identified as priority forensic areas. These are political science, ethics and religious studies forensic examinations. The professional sovereignty of the Russian Federation and friendly foreign states in the field of forensic activities is essential for the implementation of strategic national priorities, namely state, public and information security.

Impact of Western transmission of the Peking Gazette on Late-Qing China’s information security

The Peking Gazette, as a widespread and effective medium for the dissemination of important information from the Qing government, played a significant role in the internal governance of the empire. In the 19th century, Western missionaries, diplomats, and businessmen in China respected the authenticity and authority of the content in the Gazette, and carried out large-scale translations of political, social, cultural, economic, and military-diplomatic information into English. Western transmission of the Peking Gazette to some extent promoted cultural exchanges between China and the West and also provided the Western powers, which were in a period of expansion, with a wealth of political and military intelligence. The internally focused Qing dynasty was initially unaware of the Western transmission of the Peking Gazette and later took a series of doomed measures, leading to severe damage to national information security and political safety. The historical lessons of the Qing empire are enlightening for countries worldwide today: there is a need not only for openness and transparency but also for balancing the relationship between information disclosure and national security.

Information security in the Union State: the universal legal dimension

The subject of the study forms a set of legal norms of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the interstate association of the Union State of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, international treaties(agreements) regulating public relations in the field of information security, law enforcement practice, foreign experience of legal regulation, as well as provisions theoretical interdisciplinary research in this field. The object of the study is public relations related to the legal provision of information security in the Union State. The Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the context of new challenges and threats, as well as digital transformation and geopolitical changes. The analysis indicates a certain experience of scientific research in this field. At the same time, in the context of significant changes in socio-economic and foreign policy conditions, new challenges and threats, multi-vector scientific research in the information and legal sphere is necessary. The methodological basis of this study is a system of modern general scientific and private law methods. The study of the formation, development, place and role of the legal provision of information security of the Union State of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus was conducted using the following general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, abstraction and modeling, generalization, description, etc. The main conclusions of this study were the following proposals, it is necessary to develop and approve the conceptual framework for the legal provision of information security for the development of regional interstate cooperation within the framework of the Union State of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. This is important for solving the tasks of ensuring national and international information security, implementing agreements within the framework of regional interstate associations and further forming a system of universal public law mechanisms for ensuring information security. At the same time, the strategic legal acts of the Union State in the field of information security are dynamic in nature due to changes in social and political relations, including at the international level. There is a growing tendency to perceive the information space not only as an area requiring the use of exclusively protective measures of influence, but also involving active offensive measures to the extent necessary to protect national interests.

Ensuring information security of Ukraine in the conditions of modern challenges and threats from the Russian Federation

The article examines the issue of ensuring information security of Ukraine in the conditions of modern challenges and threats from the Russian Federation. It is noted that the stability of the functioning of institutions of public authority, the preservation of law and order is a necessary prerequisite for the observance of human rights. In the conditions of technological development, ensuring information security is one of the most important guarantees of human rights. The basis of such guarantees is the observance of the principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information and information systems. In order to ensure the information security of the individual, special legal frameworks for the protection of the right to the inviolability of private life are being developed, as well as additional mechanisms for its protection related to the establishment of specific requirements in the field of collection and processing of personal information. In order to ensure national security and information security of the state as one of its components, the most important guarantee of human rights is the observance of the principle of proportionality when restricting them. Most states have responded to the threats to national security that have grown recently by expanding the authorities' powers to access, collect and process personal information, which are now not limited to any particular categories of information. At the same time, approaches to ensuring the proportionality of measures taken to ensure national security may also differ in different states. It is emphasized that the actions of modern terrorists go beyond elementary humanitarian principles (in this context, we can talk about the Russian Federation as the most dangerous terrorist of the modern period of human development). There is contempt for the basics of humanity. In the conditions of such a struggle, it is difficult to call for respect for human rights, to apply this message to those who completely ignore it. Almost every day, state institutions, mass media, critical infrastructure objects, and the life support system are exposed to powerful cyber attacks using advanced information technologies. All this is part of a coordinated informational aggression against Ukraine. It was concluded that special attention should be paid to the tasks of protecting the relevant resources of the executive authorities, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. It is necessary to constantly improve the measures taken for this purpose, to establish day-to-day control of the execution of relevant assignments of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. It is emphasized that in the conditions of geopolitical instability and transformation of the world order, modern cyber­attacks, which are characterized by non-standard methods, methods and means of their perpetration, require, at the legislative level, prompt work to prevent and prevent a destructive impact on domestic information resources and the information infrastructure of the public and private sector.

Peer governance effects of information security breaches

Peers' information security risks may have sent negative signals to the market, thus forcing firms to strengthen their internal control governance. Solow's paradox, however, suggests that when information technology (IT) investment does not reach equilibrium, firms may still blindly increase IT investment while neglecting information security management. Using the unique information security breaches data released by the China National Information Security Vulnerability Database (CNVD), we find that the peers' information security breaches have a governance effect on firm internal control. The underlying mechanism is that peer information security breach increases the cost of proprietary information and reputation maintenance. In addition, we find that the above peer governance effects are more significant in samples with higher agency conflicts, high-tech industries, and higher supply. Further, our further analysis also shows that the peer governance effects of information security breaches positively affect firms' investment efficiency. Overall, our findings verify the peer governance effects of the information security breaches.

On the Role of the Judiciary in Ensuring the Information Security of the Russian Federation in the Face of Modern Challenges and Threats

The article substantiates that under the influence of modern geopolitical challenges, the importance of information security as one of the key areas of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation is increasing. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the role of judicial authorities in the formation of the information security system of the Russian state in the conditions of modern geopolitical threats and technological challenges. The need to achieve the stated goal led to the formulation and solution of the following scientific tasks: the study of the legal nature of information security and its place in the structure of national security; analysis of current geopolitical and technological challenges and threats to the national security of the country in the information sphere; determining the role of judicial authorities in the information security system, including in the digital environment. Within the framework of this study, a set of methods of scientific cognition was applied, including philosophical, general scientific and private law (formal-legal, comparative-legal, interpretation), which made it possible to achieve the goal and implement the tasks set. According to the results of the study, it is proved that ensuring information security in the context of the activities of judicial authorities should be considered in two dimensions: ensuring information security within the judicial system itself; the activity of judicial bodies in the administration of justice aimed at the adoption of individual law enforcement acts, together with legal acts that create the most comprehensive legal regulation of legal relations in the field of ensuring national information security. The conclusion is made about the special contribution of the judicial authorities in ensuring the national interests of the Russia in the information sphere.

From Crown Privilege to State Secrets1

Abstract The state secrets privilege is the most formidable evidentiary privilege available to the United States government. Available only to the executive branch, it is used to protect national security information from disclosure during litigation, and is habitually acquiesced to by courts. Once invoked, the privilege prevents covered material from being put into evidence that touches sensitive matters of national security. It is apparent that this privilege is subject to abuse by the executive branch to shield activities and personnel from judicial scrutiny and legal inquiries for reasons other than to protect national security. The privilege derives from British and Scottish doctrines of Crown Privilege that allow government to withhold evidence from legal proceedings to protect the public interest. The derivation of the state secrets privilege from the tradition of Crown Privilege has never been thoroughly explored. This article traces the influence of Crown Privilege in the development and evolution of the state secrets doctrine in the United States.

Critical thinking as an information security factor in the modern world

Access to information in today’s world is unprecedentedly easy thanks to the Internet and social media. However, this also creates information overload and the threat of disinformation. Critical thinking is becoming a key skill for sifting reliable information from fakes and manipulations, which makes this topic relevant. The research aims to determine the role of critical thinking in ensuring the information security of the population in the modern world. The study used the methods of analysis, systematisation, synthesis, and generalisation. The study confirmed that critical thinking is an important factor in the field of information security of the population, and also examined the main aspects of critical thinking and its components, including analysis of information sources, fact-checking, contextual understanding, bias research, formulation of critical questions and self-assessment. The study also thoroughly analyses the key aspects of critical thinking skills and considers the concept of Team-Based Learning (TBL), which is an active approach to education aimed at stimulating students’ critical thinking and engaging them in an active learning process. The results of the study highlight the peculiarities and importance of developing critical thinking skills in the Ukrainian population, especially in the context of the ongoing war with Russia, as the war manifests itself not only on the military front but also in the information space, and therefore the development of critical thinking becomes an important element in protecting national interests and information security. The results of the study can be used by researchers to develop specific recommendations and strategies to increase the level of critical thinking among the population and improve information security.

Digital Health Information Systems in the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Status and Prospects

This paper examines the status of the development of national digital health information systems (HIS) in Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) member states. Data for research were collected using a questionnaire adapted from the questionnaire of the WHO’s Third Global Survey on eHealth. The results showed that the digital transformation of HIS was occurring in all seven CIS member states (participating in the study), which were financed by different resources. Laws and regulations on electronic medical records (EMR) use were present in almost all participating CIS member states. Various international standards and classifications were used to support development and the interoperability of digital health information system (d-HIS), including International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), ISO 18308, Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes (LOINC), Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), and ISO TC 215. Several CIS member states had adopted a national information security strategy for the safe processing of both personal data and medical confidential information. The digital transformation of healthcare and the Empowerment through Digital Health initiative are taking place in all CIS member states, which are at different stages of introducing electronic medical and health records.

International cooperation on information security: experience and prospects for development

The development of information and communication technologies plays a crucial role for the economic and socio-political development of each country individually and of humanity as a whole. The paper cancels the experience of interstate cooperation, provides the main directions of development in the field under study. Effective cooperation between States based on mutual respect in the field of information security and the development of digital technologies on various international and regional platforms within the framework of various unions and associations is aimed at ensuring national and international interests in order to protect information technologies, as well as ensuring the inadmissibility of vulnerability of information systems and deterrence of information threats. This article concludes that it is necessary to develop and approve the conceptual framework for the legal provision of information security for the development of regional interstate cooperation within the framework of the Union State of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, the EAEU, CSTO, CIS, SCO and BRICS. This is important for solving the tasks of ensuring national and international information security, implementing agreements within the framework of these regional interstate associations and further forming a system of universal public-legal mechanisms for ensuring information security. We believe that interstate cooperation determines the vector of development of interaction between states in the field of international information security, which is aimed at strengthening the potential of the States participating in the interstate association with effective prevention and neutralization of threats to collective security arising in this area.

Information security as a special state

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of national and international information security. It is part of general international security and, at the corresponding level, a branch of national security. The latest threats led to the fact that regional international organizations, such as the EU and military-political organizations - NATO, began to take care of the mentioned issue.Information sovereignty is the supremacy of the state in the information sphere on its own territory. As well as the opportunity to freely and independently provide objective information about the peculiarities of internal and external policy and events within the state to the outside world.The supremacy of the state in the information sphere means the regulation of information activities aimed at ensuring the security and protection of the economic and social interests of the state, society, rights and legitimate interests, human life and health. This is done through the legislative establishment and control of licensing or other conditions of such activity. The implementation of conditions for information activity must ensure compliance with the principles of freedom of expression of views and beliefs, freedom of distribution, exchange and receipt of information, right to information, openness and availability of information, reliability and completeness of information, protection of a person from interference in his personal and family life.Ensuring information security in the state directly affects the economic, military and political spheres of its life. Legal uncertainty at the global level and the lack of unified positions forces state governments to form digital security policies at the national level.The informational component is a part of modern hybrid wars – both as a cover and as a means of direct influence on the enemy.Information security should be understood as a state in which, with the help of national and international resources, protection against informational influence on the consciousness of individuals and society is ensured, and informational influence on decision-making by state institutions is prevented. As well as the inviolability of private and state digital databases, the possibility of their quick recovery in the event of illegal encroachment and ensuring the punishment of perpetrators is guaranteed.At the international level, the state of information security involves protection against informational influence on public consciousness and decision-making by states and international organizations. As well as the inviolability of private, state and international digital databases, the possibility of their quick recovery in case of illegal encroachment and ensuring the punishment of the subjects of illegal encroachments.

Digital Information Security Policy in the National Security Strategy

Security comes from the Latin word secure, significantly different from the dangers, fears, and threats associated with traditional and non-traditional security methods. Meanwhile, defense is defined as the most vital technology for the state in carrying out its national security function. National security is defined as the dynamic state of a country which covers all aspects of the nation's life in facing threats. National security includes protection for the state, society, and individuals. Until now, experts have provided several different definitions of the terms security and defense. This article analyzes the current digital information security threats in national security strategies and the implementation of adequate legal protections. This article applies a descriptive qualitative research approach by conducting document analysis. This article describes various information security threats in Indonesia, including disinformation, privilege escalation, and protection against phishing threats, data forgery, and card crime. The similarities and differences between the concepts of defense and security can be observed through regulations, the terminology used, institutions, and constitutions. This article shows that national information security is closely related to policy and closely relates to security, especially ITE policies. It cannot be separated that the security situation of a country depends on security and defense but synergistically with other factors, namely economic, political, legal, socio-cultural, ideological, geographical, and demographic.

A secret image sharing solution for autonomous vehicles

With the improvement of personal privacy awareness and government agencies' awareness of national security information protection, data access and data security of smart cars is a thorny problem. The fundamental reason is that the key to access and store data is kept in the hands of smart car companies. Although many scholars have made great progress in the research of secret image sharing solutions before, such as progressive visual secret sharing, polynomial based secret image sharing, etc., these encryption schemes are single key encryption and cannot solve the technical problems encountered by the current autonomous vehicle. Therefore, based on the research of previous scholars and taking into account the social problems in solving the existing image sharing, this paper proposes two secret image sharing solutions. One is key sharing solution; The other is Images Sharing solution. Through the theoretical analysis of the application scenario, we can conclude that these two solutions can well solve the problems of whether users, smart car companies or third-party institutions infringe on users' privacy, whether it is due to the security hidden dangers brought by smart car technology, and whether they violate the national information security law.

Legal Regulation of Data Mining Technology

In recent years, with the development of big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things, human society has entered the era of big data. Data, as a new resource, has been widely concerned. In China, as a big data country, the relevant data industry grows rapidly and has a huge scale, which causes new social problems and puts forward higher requirements for our legal regulation. Taking supporting data mining and utilization as the basic position, this study provides legal path for standardizing the market operation of data mining technology, provides legal remedy for the endless data property rights disputes, builds legal bottom line for personal privacy protection, escort the high-quality development of big data industry, and provides legal guarantee for national information security.

Analyse the Protection of Human Rights in Informatization Investigation in China

Criminal proceedings are required to be conducted in accordance with the law. The law stipulates that the protection of human rights is one of the basic principles of criminal proceedings. At the same time, the exclusion rules of illegal evidence established after the revision of the criminal procedure law in 2012 pay more attention to the protection of human rights. The concept of information-based investigation can be traced back to the construction of "national public security information project - Golden Shield Project" proposed by the State Council in 1998. Up to now, more than 20 years of changes in the times and the development of investigation means have made information-based investigation an indispensable part of the investigation organ in discovering crime, preventing crime and solving cases. Although the concept of information-based investigation has been put forward for more than 20 years, at present, there is no specific law to authorize the investigation organ to exercise, and the laws and regulations for its implementation and supervision still need to be improved. Especially when some investigation behaviors in information-based investigation will infringe on citizens' personal and privacy rights, the protection of human rights in information-based investigation has to attract the high attention of legal circles and interdisciplinary scholars. This paper will focus on the analysis and suggestions on the regulation of information-based investigation from the perspective of human rights protection in criminal procedure.

Internet law and cybersecurity of the PRC

The history of the emergence and subsequent cross-border evolution of Internet law around the world is, in a sense, paradoxical. The creators of the first version of the Internet as a national security information system hardly imagined that the legal regulation of the Internet, primarily in Western Europe, would fall under the influence of the Romano-Germanic legal system. We are talking about the basic division of the national legal order for continental Europe into public law (jus publicum) and private law (jus privatum). Accordingly, cybersecurity and other public needs of the Internet in continental Europe have become the subject of public Internet law. On the contrary, the specifics and protection of the individual rights of users and entrepreneurs in the Internet space have become the subject of regulation of private Internet law. In the context of such differentiation of the Internet space, the experience of the PRC is of particular interest, where the ratio of public need and private interest, due to the specifics of Chinese civilization, cannot be interpreted in the spirit of Western European dualism.