National Research Research Articles

Analytical measuring interval, linearity, and precision of serology assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies according to CLSI guidelines.

Reliable and validated serology assays are of increasing importance as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus continues to evolve and cause outbreaks. Validation of serology assays along with calibration to the International and National Standards (such as anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin WHO International Standard 20/136 or Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research's National Serology Standard COVID-NS01097) is critical to ensuring that results from clinical studies are reliable and comparable among various assays and laboratories. We describe the design and execution of a comprehensive study that established the analytical measuring intervals, linearity, precision, and repeatability of four in-house developed serology enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike immunoglobin G [IgG] and immunoglobin M [IgM] and anti-Nucleocapsid IgG and IgM) following applicable Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Overall, this study provides practical guidance on experimental design strategies and data analysis techniques, pertaining to the validation of COVID-19 serology assays according to CLSI guidelines, for use in clinical research studies.

NGOs Confront HIV/AIDS in Tanzania: Local Entrepreneurship Initiatives as Instantiations and Adaptations of Neoliberalism’s Global Discourse

ABSTRACT Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have endured as an important response to HIV/AIDS. As nations of eastern and southern Africa currently have the highest adult HIV/AIDS prevalence rates, this study focused on NGOs headquartered in Tanzania. Although communication research on HIV/AIDS NGOs has spanned a variety of cultural contexts, theoretical traditions, and samples, research in nations of Africa has yet to situate these NGOs in a relevant global context. This study integrated discourse analysis and constant comparisons to examine how the discourses of 36 NGO leaders on their local HIV/AIDS initiatives are taking up neoliberalism, a global ideological discourse that valorizes free markets, individualism, and profits. Based on linkages forged between HIV/AIDS and poverty at multiple scales (the nation, rural areas, target groups, families), participants positioned entrepreneurship as a solution for poor clients, namely, a 4-step process of assisting clients with entrepreneurship, several entrepreneurship industries, and positive consequences for clients. The article concludes with a discussion and implications.

Impact of being taken into out-of-home care: a longitudinal cohort study of First Nations and other child welfare agencies in Manitoba, Canada

Across Canada, Child Protection Services (CPS) disrupt Indigenous families by apprehending their children at alarmingly high rates. The harms borne by children in out-of-home care (OoHC) have been extensively documented. We examined the impact of OoHC on Manitoba children's health and legal system outcomes to provide rigorous evidence on how discretionary decision-making by CPS agencies can affect these outcomes. In partnership with First Nations researchers, we used linked administrative data to identify Manitoba children (born 2007-2018) served by First Nations and other Manitoba CPS agencies. We compared those taken into OoHC (n=19,324) with those never in care but with an open CPS file due to child protection concerns (n=27,290). We used instrumental variable analysis (CPS agency rates of OoHC as the instrument) to obtain odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for child, maternal, and family factors. Mean age (yrs±standard deviation) at first CPS contact for children taken into OoHC was 2.8±3.7 (First Nations) and 3.0±3.8 (other), and for children never in care was 4.5±4.5 (First Nations) and 5.1±4.7 (other). Among children served by a First Nations agency, males made up 50.6% (n=5496) in OoHC and 51.0% (n=6579) never in care. Among children served by other agencies, males made up 51.0% (n=4324) in OoHC and 51.0% (n=7428) never in care. Odds of teen pregnancy (First Nations aOR 3.69, 1.40-9.77; other aOR 5.10, 1.83-14.25), teen birth (First Nations aOR 3.23, 1.10-9.49; other aOR 5.06, 1.70-15.03), and sexually transmitted infections (other aOR 7.21, 3.63-14.32) were higher for children in care than children never in care, as were odds of being accused (other aOR 2.71, 1.27-5.75), a victim (other aOR 1.68, 1.10-2.56), charged with a crime (other aOR 2.68, 1.21-5.96), or incarcerated (First Nations aOR 3.64, 1.95-6.80; other aOR 1.19, 1.19-8.04). Being in OoHC worsened children's health and legal system outcomes. The importance of reducing the number of children taken into care was emphasized in briefings to provincial and First Nations governments. The government response will be monitored. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (no. 890-2018-0029).

Research Trends in China's Digital Economy

The digital economy has emerged as a pivotal force in the global restructuring of factor resources, the reconfiguration of the global economic landscape, and the transformation of patterns in global competition. This paper delves into the foundational aspects of the digital economy, elucidating the nuanced connotations, distinctive characteristics, and evolving trajectories within the context of both governmental and academic discourse in China. A comprehensive examination of contemporary global digital research is conducted, and a critical appraisal is made of the deficiencies and gaps existing in China's digital economy research vis-à-vis the backdrop of the nation's digital economic development policies and research endeavors. Furthermore, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of research shortcomings at the meso-level, encompassing facets such as digital transformation, high-quality development, digital finance, digital trade, among others. The findings culminate in actionable recommendations aimed at advancing the trajectory of China's digital economy.

Chinese online nationalism as imaginary engagement: an automated sentiment analysis of Tencent news comments on the 2012 Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands incident

How does Tencent—a leading Chinese Internet enterprise—frame news to regulate popular nationalism? To address this problem, we applied the automated sentiment analysis program to more than 500,000 news comments on the Tencent news website during the 2012 Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands incident. The results show that audiences’ online nationalism is significantly influenced by Tencent news, user engagement, and emotions. First, contrary to using stimulative nationalist narratives in the early stages of the incident, the platform shifts to restrictive nationalist narratives to prevent online nationalism from endangering social governance; second, restrictive news can decrease popular nationalism compared with stimulative news; third, users’ love, anger, and disgust emotion can increase their support for China, while the happiness emotion has the opposite effect. Online nationalism, as imaginary engagement, arises from the collusion among platforms, the government, and audiences, contributing to maintaining the government’s legitimacy. The computational approach promises to shed light on nationalism research.

Seroprevalence of peste des petits ruminants disease in Indonesian buffaloes may be an emerging threat to small ruminants

Background and Aim: The peste des petit ruminants (PPR) is a disaster-class virus that causes catastrophic drawbacks to small ruminant industries in affected countries. As PPR disease has been reported in neighboring countries, Indonesia, which has a large population of sheep and goats, has become prone to the emerging threat of infection. Because the virus can also infect other animals with subclinical manifestations, large ruminants, such as buffaloes, may play an important role in spreading the virus in the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify PPR seroprevalence in the buffalo population of Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to identify the specific antibody for PPR viruses in the buffalo population using serum bank collection from the National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. Results: PPR virus seroprevalence was detected in buffalo from Central Java, East Java, and East Nusa Tenggara Province in Indonesia. Although seroprevalence was low in the population, the antibody titer was relatively high in the positive samples. Sex and age were identified as determinant factors in the seroprevalence distribution of the buffalo population. Conclusion: The presence of antibodies against the PPR virus in buffaloes may indicate that PPR virus is circulating in the buffalo population of Indonesia. Keywords: antibody, buffalo, Indonesia, peste des petit ruminants, seroprevalence.

Knowledge Exchange and Innovation Adoption Preferences of Arable Growers in Ireland’s Atlantic-Influenced Climate

The adoption of innovations, such as alternative crop establishment systems, can have significant impacts on farming systems and sustainability. The recent increased adoption of non-inversion establishment systems in Ireland allowed for an evaluation of technology adoption practices and information source use and access. Of the 154 arable growers surveyed, 50% practiced plough-based establishment and 50% used non-inversion establishment (min-till, strip-till, and direct drill systems). Differences in socio-demographics, farm characteristics, innovation adoption preferences, information sources, and information access methods used by growers who operated different systems were recorded. Direct drill growers had higher formal education levels and more off-farm employment than other growers and were prepared to take more risk than min-till growers, who were prepared to take more risk than plough-based growers in technology adoption scenarios. For both major change and agronomic decisions, non-inversion growers (especially direct drill) had substantially more non-Irish information sources in their top three information sources, suggesting the need for more national research on these systems in Ireland. Access to information through in-person interactions and print media was preferred by most. This study highlights the risk, where appropriate research is not available, of early adopters overly relying on non-validated information, potentially leading to the adoption of less sustainable practices.

Preface

Welcome to the 1st Annual International Conference on Sensor Technology (INCOST) 2023. This event was taking place in Bali, Indonesia, on September 8 – 9th, 2023. INCOST aims to establish a tradition of bringing together researchers, academics, and professionals from all over the world, with a special emphasis on Indonesia, to explore the field of Sensors. The conference particularly encourages the interaction of research students and emerging academics with the well established academic community in an informal setting, providing a platform for the presentation and discussion of new and current research.We would like to acknowledge the full support from Institut Teknologi Bandung, National Research and Innovation Agency, and ITB-BRIN Collaborative Research Center for Biosensors and Biodevices. We also would like to express our gratitude to all Editors and committee members listed as follows1. Prof. Brian Yuliarto (Institut Teknologi Bandung)2. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal (Institut Teknologi Bandung)3. Dr. Ni Luh Wulan Septiani (National Research and Innovation Agency)4. Dr. Siti Nurul Aisyiyah Jenie (National Research and Innovation Agency)5. Dr. Agustina Sus Andreani (National Research and Innovation Agency)6. Dr. Robeth Viktoria Manurung (National Research and Innovation Agency)7. Dr. Gilang Gumilar (National Research and Innovation Agency)8. Muhammad Fadlan Raihan (Institut Teknologi Bandung)9. Atqiya Muslihati (Institut Teknologi Bandung)10. Chandra Wulandari (Institut Teknologi Bandung)11. Neng Astri Lidiawati (Institut Teknologi Bandung)12. Adyatma Prayoga (Institut Teknologi Bandung)13. Miftahul Khoiri (Institut Teknologi Bandung)Furthermore, we wish to extend my thanks to all the plenary, keynote, fellow researchers and all participants in the field of sensors who have authored and submitted papers on a variety of topics. Their willingness to share their research knowledge and experiences with all of us at this prestigious conference is truly commendable.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.1. Type of peer review: Double anonymous2. Conference submission management system: Morressier3. Number of submissions received: 294. Number of submissions sent for review: 265. Number of submissions accepted: 246. Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 82.7 %7. Average number of reviews per paper: 1.008. Total number of reviewers involved: 99. Contact person for queries:Name: Ni Luh Wulan SeptianiAffiliation: National Research and Innovation AgencyEmail: nilu010@brin.go.id

Preface to the Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Modern Optics and Its Applications (ISMOA)

We are pleased to present the proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Modern Optics and Its Applications (ISMOA), held from August 1 to August 4, 2023, at Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) in Bandung, Indonesia. The event was organized by the Indonesian Optical Society (InOS) in collaboration with Institut Teknologi Bandung, Universitas Padjadjaran and the National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia.This 14th instalment of a bi-annual meeting gathered scientists and researchers to discuss the latest developments in optics. ISMOA covered a range of topics, from nonlinear optics to quantum entanglement, with a focus on practical applications. An interesting aspect of ISMOA is the involvement of OPTICA Fellows, promoting interactions between speakers, students, and contributors. This inclusive approach aims to encourage collaboration among regional scientists and international speakers. The May-On Tjia Lecture, initiated in 2021 to honor the late Prof. May-On Tjia, continued to be a key feature in 2023. The lecture by Dr. K. Hendrik Kurniawan and Dr. Indra Karnadi focused on H-D Isotopic Analysis Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, reflecting Prof. Tjia’s commitment to excellence and collaboration in optics and photonics.To broaden the reach of optics and photonics education, the Indonesian Optical Society organized the Summer Course on Modern Optics and Its Applications (SCoMOA), a free program that attracted over 250 participants both in-person and online. This initiative, in collaboration with local and international universities, set the stage for ISMOA, incorporating joint activities with Tutorial Lecture Sessions on the first day. The SCoMOA course materials are now open for public through UNESCO learning platform.ISMOA 2023 featured 84 presented papers, including contributions from 12 invited speakers. More than half of the 117 participants were students, emphasizing the symposium’s commitment to nurturing the next generation of optical scientists. This symposium marked a significant point in the ISMOA series, characterized by a record number of papers and active participation from students and researchers. Twenty-three of the presented papers have been selected and reviewed by international Board of Reviewers are presented in this proceeding. It is our hope that the findings presented in these papers may contribute to the advancement of knowledge and applications of optics and photonics.We express our gratitude to all participants, contributors, sponsors, and organizers for their contributions to the success of ISMOA 2023. The following proceedings capture the knowledge and collaborative spirit of this international gathering on modern optics and its applications.Editors, Alexander A.P. Iskandar Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia Henri P. Uranus Universitas Pelita Harapan, IndonesiaChairs of the Organizing Committee Rachmat Hidayat Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia F. Fitrilawati Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia Isnaeni National Research and Innovation Agency, IndonesiaList of International Scientific Program Committee, Organizing Committee, Board of Reviewers are available in this pdf.

An Online Dementia Screening and Lifestyle Education System

Mental well-being is a major factor contributing to the quality of life. Because of the ageing population, the old-age cognitive deficit is an epidemic-like phenomenon. Cognitive mental impairment is chronic, progressive, long-lasting and incurable, but the deterioration could be slowed, and the quality of life could be maintained for a longer time. Therefore, the assessment of mental well-being and the early detection of deterioration are very important. Current clinically validated tests have limited screening capabilities as they have been developed for professional use in controlled environments, they are expensive and require the presence of medical staff. We aimed to develop a monitoring measurement methodology that is suitable for regular screening at the patient's home and can detect significant deterioration in some important cognitive areas. Our idea was to monitor and analyse the patient’s performance through the analysis of computer game performance.
 We developed a system and investigated the estimation of mental well-being based on voluntary game playing in the last decade. The focus is on the elderly group showing the early sign of having a higher risk for a pathological decrease in cognition (called Mild Cognitive Impairment). Since 2014 more than 3000 people were registered in the system and nearly 1.5 million game logs were collected. Experience has been collected since the first end-users registered, especially feed-backs were analysed. Several important ideas were gained, and during the past years, we improved this system in the framework of the iCare4NextG project. The three most important ones are: a) strengthening the feedback to the participants by giving some explanation of the suggestions, b) simplifying the user interface and c) reducing the difficulty level of some games. Therefore, a lifestyle education advisory system is to be added, to help interpret the results and to give advice about the improvement of mental, physical, and social lifestyles.
 Based on the analysis of the experience and the collected feedback information an online screening application was developed. The screening application consists of 3 games and 2 questionnaires. The participant is asked to perform at least 3 sessions in each game, and fill out the questionnaires at least once. The screening is aimed at the inhabitants of a local municipality. The localized nature and the involvement of the municipality are very important: based on the performance of the participant, he/she can be referred to the proper local healthcare institute (e.g. local social centre, general practitioner etc.). The system is easily portable to different local environments. This way we turned a primarily reactive healthcare experience into a proactive one in cooperation with local municipal and healthcare institutions.
 Currently, a 6-month screening is running in a district of Budapest focusing on 65+ years inhabitants. More than 120 participants registered during October and November 2022, and 534 game logs and 379 questionnaires were collected.
 Project no. 2019-2.1.1-EUREKA-2020-00014 (iCare4NextG – H ) has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the EUREKA-2020 funding scheme.

Do “Top” Universities the Best in Everything? How the Status and the Size of Russian Universities Correlate to Student Engagement

The characteristics of the university that issued the higher education diploma are an important signal for the employer, indicating the quality of the graduate’s training. However, it remains unknown to what extent top Russian universities really differ in the quality of the educational process from other universities, and do not simply use their ability to admit the most talented and motivated students. This paper attempts to answer this question using student engagement indicators, which are considered worldwide as a valid tool for assessing the quality of higher education. The article aims to examine the relationship between student engagement and two institutional characteristics of universities (a special status and the size of the university) by employing survey data on 16,143 students studying at 401 Russian universities. The results demonstrate that students studying at federal, national research and flagship universities have comparatively lower class engagement and social engagement compared to students from universities without special status. In addition, students at institutions with a size between 1,000 and 3,500 students were the most engaged in class activities and, at the same time, disengaged, while a size of less than 1,000 students was negatively associated with disengagement. The results obtained, on the one hand, require further research into the relationship between institutional characteristics and student engagement. On the other hand, they indicate the need to increase the weight of indicators of the quality of the educational process in universities in government excellence initiatives aimed at identifying leading universities and supporting them, as well as the importance of developing valid indicators of the quality of the educational process that can be used as a criterion in such government competitions.

International Experiences of Educational Technology Policies: Lessons for Developing Countries

Since computer education was introduced into the educational systems in the developed world in the early 1980s, educational technology policies (ETPs) have become a hot issue, especially in the new millennium. Based on the comparative analysis approach, this study explained what the ETPs are and why and how the policy makers of USA, UK and China were interesting to develop several revised ETPs on the national levels. It finds that policy makers were keen to invest in ETPs because it contributes to the social and economic development, strengthens the national ideology and culture, and supports the educational reforms. Common factors shaping ETPs include policy or vision and authorizing implementation, teachers’ professional development, ICT for education infrastructure (digital learning resources, physical hardware infrastructure, internet connectivity in the educational institutions, education management information systems (EMIS) and national research and education networks), and educational technology standards for all of those people who are involved in the educational process.

E-Resource Management Model in Indonesian Libraries: A Case Study on BRIN Library

The National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) is aware of the changes in the information/reference-seeking behavior of BRIN researchers, where many refer to electronic journals as references for their scientific work. Therefore, BRIN has implemented a new policy in procuring its library collections, namely by no longer carrying out procurement in printed form but rather digital/electronic. This research aims to determine the readiness of the BRIN library in e-resource services so that it can be used as material for evaluation and improvement of the BRIN library. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis uses the Strauss and Corbin analysis models, starting from open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Triangulation of sources and techniques is used to maintain the validity of the data provided. The results of this research can be used as a reference and framework model that can be applied in libraries to manage their e-resources well. Future research can test whether this model can effectively manage e-resources.

India's biogeochemical capacity to attain food security and remediate climate.

In order to supply wholesome food and slow down climate change, this paper covers India's agrogeological resources. The soils are the result of the weathering of rocks with ages ranging from more than a billion years to the most recent Holocene. Because they are severely deficient in vital minerals, many soils have low agricultural production. In addition to helping to fertilise soils, reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and stop the acidification of the Indian Ocean, rock powder weathering and biochar have significant positive effects on the productivity of Indian soils. The nutrient density of food is also increased which improves health and lowers the demand for and cost of medical treatment. Remineralization may help to solve Indian soil issues including soil infertility and texture. To improve soil and plant nutrition, dusts of carbonate, basic, and ultrabasic rocks are readily available at mining sites in India combined with biochar. Adding different grain sizes to the soil helps improve the texture of the soil.Silicate and carbonate rock powders enhance soil structure by promoting the creation of soil organic matter and fostering the growth of advantageous microbial communities. These processes offer a low-cost method of remineralizing soils with important macro- and micronutrients. For each significant soil/crop/climate system, an optimised application of India's rock powder resources must be determined through a national research and development programme. India's capacity to adapt to the mounting challenges of population expansion and climate change would be significantly improved by the findings of this study programme.

THE LITERACY SEMINAR CYCLE’S CONSTITUTION IN TIMES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: AN ACTION PROPOSED BY ALFAREDE

This is an interview with Professor Maria do Socorro Alencar Nunes Macedo, from the Federal University of São João del-Rei (MG), held in 2022 and which dealt with the Literacy Seminar Cycle in Times of the Covid-19 Pandemic. In the interview, the teacher narrates the ALFAREDE’s constitution and highlights the Seminar Cycle's action importance to monitor the literacy scenario during the pandemic. The event, broadcast online in 2021, was monthly and featured literacy teachers, who shared their pedagogical practices, challenges and strategies encountered to continue the children’s literacy process during remote teaching. Thus, the teacher presents the other collective’s actions and the national research’s results reinforcing the ALFAREDE’s importance in times of so many setbacks in the literacy’s field.

Health indicators in Brazil and Spain: strategies for health promoting universities.

The study aims to identify and compare health indicators collected by national research in Spain and in Brazil that can generate action strategies for health promoting universities. This is an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional study that uses the database of the Secretariat of Health Surveillance of the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the database of the National Statistics Institute of Spain. Based on the National Health Promotion Policy, the analyzer axis prioritizes defined themes; percentage of physical exercise, daily smokers, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and self-perception of health status were evaluated. The data were collected from 2014 to 2020. In Brazil, physical exercise is the highest percentage indicator, whereas in Spain, sedentary lifestyle is the highest. Regarding the age group, Brazil presented the lowest prevalence of daily smokers in the age group from 18 to 24, with little increase in older age groups; in Spain, older age groups presented the highest rates of sedentary lifestyle and obesity. In 2020, 4.5% of Brazilians reported a negative self-perception of health and in Spain 6.6%. The indicators 'physical exercise', 'daily smokers' and 'sedentary lifestyle' presented better results in Brazil than in Spain. Brazil presents a better perspective on health when compared with Spain, as the results showed that older ages present higher rates of sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Our study results also show that Brazilians report better self-perception in health, which can be interpreted by health promotion strategies.

Funding gap in the Hungarian venture capital market

Our study investigates the size of the so-called financing gap in the Hungarian venture capital market, i.e. the amount that can potentially be lent out, which is currently not covered by the Hungarian financial intermediary system on a market basis. The relevant literature will be reviewed to assess the performance and characteristics of the Hungarian market. The Hungarian financial intermediation system, traditionally based on banking, underperforms in all segments of capital market financing, even by Central and Eastern European standards. In our research, we sought to find out whether the available sources of venture capital could meet market needs. Both the number and volume of transactions in the domestic venture capital and private equity markets are low by international standards, and the role of the state is below the average for CEE countries. The novelty of our analysis lies in the fact that there is no similar literature available in Hungary. Our estimation based on linear regression revealed a strong relationship between venture capital investment and current GDP. The difference between the estimated potential risk capital stock and the annual averages zrealized clearly shows the market gap. In addition to the public programmes already implemented, the annual amount of risk capital missing from the domestic market is in the order of EUR 12.5-31.6 million, i.e. roughly HUF 5.1-13.3 billion per year at the euro exchange rate at the time of analysis. If this resource were available, domestic startups would have greater growth opportunities. Our analysis suggests that not only a state presence but even an increase in it, seems justifiable (or at least worth exploring). The research was supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (FK-142492).

Determinant factors affecting the research performance of lecturers receiving external funds

Quality research can positively impact the development of science and technology and improve the reputation of universities. This study investigates the determinant factors that affect the research performance of lecturers who obtain external funding. The sample was 41 lecturers who obtained external research funds from various institutions (e.g., Directorate of Research, Technology and Community Service, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia; National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia; and similar institutions) for the last three years (2021 - 2023). Cluster analysis using secondary data (Science and Technology Index or SINTA data) was conducted to determine research performance clusters (high and low). Discriminant analysis was conducted to determine the determinant factors affecting research performance achievement based on the cluster analysis results. The results revealed that internal factors, including mastery of English and interest in the research topics offered, are determinant factors that affect the research performance of lecturers receiving external funding. In external factors, eight determinant factors affect research performance, namely: support for dissemination of research results in journals, support from research assistant staff, satisfaction with awards from the university, satisfaction with awards from outside the university, support for research matching funds from the university, training in writing research proposals, ease of obtaining research permits from agencies outside the university, and adequacy of facilities at the university. Universities need to consider these factors to encourage the improvement of the research performance of lecturers receiving external funding.

The uneven impacts of climate change on China's labor productivity and economy

Climate change is considered to increase economic costs by worsening heat-related labor productivity loss. While extensive global and national research has been conducted on this topic, few studies have analyzed subnational and individual economic impacts, potentially weakening local governments’ motivation to tackle climate change. Figuring out the most affected regions and labors could help climate policymakers to identify priority regions and sectors to allocate adaptation resources efficiently, and enhance stakeholder engagement. This study adopted a provincial Computable General Equilibrium model by distinguishing different labors and regions in modelling work to address the aforementioned gap. The study estimated economic costs at different level under three climate change scenarios (lower (SSP126), middle (SSP245), and higher (SSP585) warming scenario). Low-income regions located in southwest part of China (such as Guangxi and Guizhou), would experience the largest economic loss, 3.4–7.1 times higher than high-income in China by 2100 under SSP245 scenario. Additionally, wages for labors highly sensitive to heat in these regions are expected to rise, for example, by an 8.3% rise in Guangxi, driven by the rising demand for these labors. Conversely, others would experience a significant wage decrease, especially those with less sensitivity (e.g., managers). Therefore, we recommended that national financial supports be allocated more to these most affected regions and that government encourage managers provide assistance to workers vulnerable to heat.