National Principles Research Articles

The impact of institutional commitments on corporate risk-taking: Evidence from the United Nations Principles for responsible investment

Taking the institutions that signed the United Nations (UN) Principles of Responsible Investment (PRI) from 2012 to 2021 as a sample, we study whether the risk-taking of investment targets will be affected when the institutions sign the PRI. The findings demonstrate that when an institution subscribes to the PRI, it significantly decreases its investment target's degree of risk-taking. After a series of stability tests, such as surrogate variables and propensity score matching method, the main regression results in this paper remain consistent. It has been suggested through mechanism analysis that signing the PRI increases both investment efficiency and information disclosure quality thereby minimizing enterprise risk-taking behavior. Further research shows that the state-owned nature of institutions and higher media attention can reduce the risk-taking of enterprises. This paper provides a new explanatory dimension through which enterprises can reduce their level of risk-taking and offers a theoretical foundation for further expanding the impact of the PRI.

The Impact of Alai Suri Kurdayeti Magazine in Disseminating National Awareness

This paper, titled "The Impact of Alai Suri (Red Flag) Kurdayeti Magazine on the Propagation of National Awareness," delves into an examination of the content within Alai Suri Kurdayeti Magazine during the period of the mountain struggle and the revolutionary era, spanning from 1981 to 1982. Despite the protracted history of the Kurdish people's struggle for their national rights, the establishment of a comprehensive national identity remains an indispensable intellectual and vital requirement within Kurdish society, intrinsically tied to the notion of national consciousness. The manifestation of a national identity fundamentally hinges on shared national principles, a common language, culture, religion, history, collective aspirations, and unified political and legal principles, all of which necessitate a heightened state of national consciousness. Throughout the history of the Kurdistan liberation movement, diverse strategies have been employed to attain this identity, with media engagement serving as one prominent avenue. During a particularly sensitive period in Kurdish history within South Kurdistan (1981-1982), the Kurdish Socialist Party (PASOK) issued Alai Suri Kurdayeti Magazine. This publication, apart from accomplishing its political objectives, aimed to acquaint Kurdish society with various facets of life and intellect. Its purpose was to cultivate national thought and consciousness while alerting the community to the imminent threats they faced.

Ownership Of The Right To An Apartment Unit By A Foreign Citizen After The Enactment Of The Job Creation Law

The Law No.11 of 2020 On Job Creation is a new law that aims to facilitate investment initiated by the government of President joko widodo, in the regulation has expanded the rights to apartment units by foreign citizens. In this context, the issuance of these regulations is important to ensure legal certainty, justice and expediency. This article explores the expansion of property rights to the unit flats associated with the principle of nationality in Law No. 5 of 1960 on agrarian principles. In the expansion of property rights to units of flats by foreign nationals in the job creation law should not ignore what is the purpose of the construction of flats in Indonesia.

The marginalisation of responsible management in business schools: a consideration of future trajectories

Purpose Business schools are vital in promoting responsible management (RM) – a management grounded in ethics and values beneficial to a wide array of stakeholders and overall society. Nevertheless, due to deeply embedded institutional modernistic dynamics and paradigms, RM is, despite its importance, repeatedly marginalised in business school curricula. If students are to engage with RM thinking, then its occlusion represents a pressing issue. Drawing on the United Kingdom (UK) business school context, this paper aims to examine this issue through a framework of institutional theory and consider the role played by (modernistic) institutional accreditation and research assessment processes in marginalisation of RM. Design/methodology/approach This study used an exploratory qualitative research method. Data were collected from 17 RM expert participants from 15 UK business schools that were signatories to the United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analysed using the six phases of Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Findings The study identifies a potent institutional isomorphic amalgam resulting in conservative impacts for RM. This dynamic is termed multiple institutional isomorphic marginalisation (MIIM) – whereby a given domain is occluded and displaced by hegemonic institutional pressures. In RM’s case, MIIM operates through accreditation-driven modernistic-style curricula. This leads business schools to a predilection towards “mainstream” representations of subject areas and a focus on mechanistic research exercises. Consequently, this privileges certain activities over RM development with a range of potential negative effects, including social impacts. Originality/value This study fills an important gap concerning the need for a critical, in-depth exploration of the role that international accreditation frameworks and national institutional academic research assessment processes such as the Research Excellence Framework in the UK play in affecting the possible growth and influence of RM. In addition, it uses heterotopia as a conceptual lens to reveal the institutional “mask” of responsibility predominantly at play in the UK business school context, and offers alternative pathways for RM careers.

HAMKA's Thoughts on the Integration of Islamic Values and Indonesian Nationalism

The article focuses on the integration of Islamic values and Indonesian nationalism as interpreted by Hamka. In contemporary Indonesian society, there is a recurring tension between religious values and national identity, often resulting in societal discord and fragmented national unity. The purpose of this study is to analyze and elucidate Hamka’s perspectives on the harmonization of Islamic teachings and Indonesian nationalism. By examining Hamka’s works and thoughts, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Islamic values can coexist and support the principles of Indonesian nationalism. The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method with an integration and interconnection approach. The primary data used in this research are Hamka's works. At the same time, the secondary data in this research are books, journal articles, and other websites that discuss Hamka's thoughts. The results showed that in applying and integrating Islamic values in the frame of nationality and Indonesianness, Hamka divided it into three main thoughts. First, Islam and the vision of humanity. The vision of Islam is a religion for all mankind and humanity and religion for the next generation, so that religious da'wah is sustainable, renewed, and emphasized to oneself the family, and society; Second, nationality and freedom. The spirit of nationality arises from true faith and does not break away from the roots of "tawhid"; Third, Indonesianness and welfare.

Penerapan Prinsip (MFN) dalam Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership dan Dampaknya terhadap Kebijakan Perdagangan Indonesia

In the era of globalisation and trade liberalisation, countries around the world continue to develop forms of international trade cooperation, such as through the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement. RCEP involves 15 countries in Asia-Pacific, including 10 ASEAN members and their five major trading partners, with the aim of reducing tariffs and trade barriers and enhancing economic cooperation. The Most-Favoured Nation (MFN) principle in RCEP requires that any trade concession granted to one member country is also granted to all other members. The implementation of MFN can improve Indonesia's market access to RCEP member countries and boost economic growth through exports and foreign investment, although Indonesia must also manage competitive pressures from other member countries. To maximise the benefits of RCEP, Indonesia needs to formulate appropriate policies, including through the implementation of the Job Creation Law to increase domestic investment. This paper explores the application of MFN in RCEP, its implications for Indonesia, and the importance

Juridical Study of Inheritance Rights for Children of Foreign Citizens who Become Heirs of the Inheritance of Indonesian Citizenship Heirs in the Form of Land Rights

The issue of citizenship is an important issue, especially when it relates to the inheritance rights of people who have changed citizenship to become foreigners. This research aims to examine the legal rules for inheritance rights for children with foreign citizenship who become heirs to the inheritance of Indonesian citizen heirs in the form of land rights, as well as the legal implications of inheritance rights for heirs with foreign citizenship. The legal research method uses doctrinal research methods with statutory regulations and legal writings as legal material. Data analysis uses qualitative. The results of this research are: first, inheritance law in Indonesia in principle regulates that all heirs are entitled to an equal share of inheritance, without distinguishing between the gender or nationality of the heirs, but rather based on blood and marriage relations. So even though the heir is a foreign citizen (WNA), the heir still has the right to receive an inheritance from an heir who is an Indonesian citizen (WNI). However, if the heir's inheritance is in the form of land rights with ownership rights linked to the principle of nationality, then based on Article 21 paragraph (3) UUPA, foreigners who obtain rights to land with ownership rights due to inheritance are required to release these rights to other parties in a period of 1 (one) year, otherwise the right to the land will be forfeited and transferred to the State. Second, the legal implications for inheritance rights for heirs who are foreign citizens if the heir's inheritance is in the form of land rights, that is, if the land rights have the status of Ownership Rights, then the heirs are still entitled to their inheritance rights, but because foreigners cannot have rights property, heirs who are foreign citizens must reduce their rights to land certificates in accordance with the UUPA, namely to use rights, or sell the land so that they get cash from the sale in order to continue receiving their rights as heirs.

Peran dan Upaya Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai dalam Meminimalisir Meningkatnya Tindak Pidana Kepabeanan Bersumber UUD 1945 dan NKRI

International trade is something that often occurs in customs areas. Customs areas often witness international trade. Law on 17 of 2006 and Law on Excise No 11 of 1995 stipulate regulations regarding customs. However, in the case of exports and imports, it is difficult to differentiate between customs violations and customs crimes. The Customs and Excise Agency, an institution under the Ministry of Finance, is needed to handle customs cases. Based on the questions we discussed, the role and efforts of the DJBC in minimizing the increasing number of customs crimes must be discussed. The increase in customs crimes and obstacles. In their efforts to reduce the increase in customs crime, Customs and Excise is facing challenges. It is important to note that the national principles that drive the duties and efforts of the DJBC to reduce the increasing level of customs crimes can be linked to the principles and principles reflected the 1945 Constitution. Attributes of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) including nationalism and patriotism, sovereignty and territorial integrity, law and order, shared prosperity, and security.

Menegakkan Ham dan Mempertahankan Nilai Pancasila Dalam Masyarakat

This article discusses how to uphold human rights values ​​in Indonesian society based on Pancasila. The Pancasila ideology is seen as the basis of the Indonesian state because it contains several principles, such as the principles of divinity, humanity, nationality, sovereignty and social justice. Pancasila values ​​must be implemented in upholding human rights in society, taking into account the principles that have been previously established. Human rights in Indonesia are regulated by Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Implementation of human rights requires efforts from the government, non-governmental organizations and society to create an environment that supports respect for human dignity. Handling issues related to human rights and Pancasila values ​​is required with an inclusive approach and constructive dialogue. This article aims to discuss how human rights values ​​can be implemented in Indonesian society based on Pancasila. Apart from that, the article also aims to highlight the importance of implementing the noble values ​​of Pancasila in upholding human rights in Indonesia. The research method used in this article is text analysis and interpretation of human rights values, Pancasila ideology, the Basic Laws of the Republic of Indonesia, and implementation of noble values ​​of Casila in upholding human rights in Indonesia. The importance of implementing the noble values ​​of Pancasila in upholding human rights in Indonesia is also emphasized, by involving the government, non-governmental organizations and society in creating an environment that supports respect for human dignity. An inclusive approach and constructive dialogue are also considered important in dealing with issues related to human rights and Pancasila values.

KEPASTIAN HUKUM AKTA PERJANJIAN TERKAIT PINJAM NAMA (NOMINEE) OLEH WARGA NEGARA ASING (WNA) DALAM JUAL BELI TANAH MENURUT UNDANGUNDANG POKOK AGRARIA.

Nominee agreements in buying and selling freehold land are prohibited according to applicable law. The phenomenon that occurs in society is that nominee agreements are still used by foreign citizens in buying and selling land. The formulation of the problem in this research is the legal consequences of a deed of agreement to borrow a name in the sale and purchase of land by a foreign citizen and what is the legal certainty of the deed of agreement regarding the borrowing of a name (nominee) by a foreign citizen (WNA) in the sale and purchase of land according to the Basic Agrarian Law. The legal theory used in this research is the theory of legal certainty by Jan Michiel Otto, the theory of legal consequences according to Soeroso. The method used in this research is a type of normative juridical research, namely legal library research or secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials. The research approaches used are the statutory approach, conceptual approach, case approach and analytical approach, and legal material collection techniques are carried out by identifying ang inventorying positive legal rules, book literature, journals and order sources of legal material. The analysis out using legal interpretation, including Grammatical Interpretation and Historical Interpretation ang analogy legal construction methods. From the results results can be obtained that the the legal implication on the nominee agreement to the land agreement by WNA are null and void because it does not meet the requirements to the Article 1320 Number 4 of the KUH Perdata and conflicted with the principle of Nationalism as emphasized in Article 26 Paragraph (2) UUPA so that parties related to the land agreement based on a nominee agreement shall be subject to civil liability. The legal certainty about the nominee agreement by the WNA to the land agreement based on the UUPA is carried out in a preventive manner by establishing statutory regulations that prohibit nominee agreements in relation to land rights so as to protect foreign nationals from possible losses and fraud that could threaten the security of foreign investment in Indonesia

Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Kebangsaan Berbasis UUD 1945 Guna Mendukung Sistem Cyber Security Dalam Penggunaan Sistem Informasi Akademik (SIA) Di Institusi Perguruan Tinggi

Cyber Security for Higher Education Academic Information System (AIS) data is an increasingly important issue along with the increasing dependence of higher education on information technology. Students have their education data in the Academic Information System (AIS) which is owned by each campus. Campuses are obliged to give their students the right to privacy and the right to information. The right to privacy and limitations on the right to information include state protection of personal data. In this way, students have the right to receive protection for their personal data in the academic information system (AIS). This is regulated by the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), which are an important foundation for regulations on data management and cyber security systems. This research uses a journal literature review method which aims to investigate the security threats faced by Academic Information System (AIS) data and to design effective protection strategies. The methods used include risk analysis, identification of system vulnerabilities, and development of appropriate security policies. The findings show that sensitive data such as student personal information and academic records are the main targets for attackers. Therefore, the need to implement security measures such as data encryption, use of double authentication, strict system monitoring, as well as training for information system users is very important. Through a policy analysis approach and literature study, this research aims to identify strategies and best practices in integrating national values into cyber security policies and practices. It is hoped that this research will provide an overview of the importance of national principles in terms of cyber security in higher education. It will also provide recommendations for institutions to improve academic information systems in accordance with the country's constitution.

The Ukrainian Ideal of Education in the Works of Mykola Shlemkevych (1894–1966)

The article highlights the views of Mykola Shlemkevych – a Ukrainian scholar, educator, philosopher and public figure - on the ideal, purpose and content of the education of Ukrainian youth. The main concepts of the ideal of education are revealed: value orientations (God, nation, family, social environment, language, culture, history, tradition); moral (love, faith, kindness, truth, beauty) and national values (the Ukrainian idea, national unity, national consciousness, patriotism, national interests). Attention is focused on the spiritual origins of the Ukrainian people, encompassing the principles of nationalism and humanism; on patriotism; on achieving personal freedom; advocacy of democratic ideas.

CONTEXTUAL INTERPRETATION OF RELIOGIOUS MODERATION VERSES ACCORDING TO ABDURRAHMAN WAHID

Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) is recognized as the father of Indonesian tolerance because his ideas reflected wasaṭiyyah (moderate) Islamic values. His progressive approach aims to overcome socio-religious and national problems through contextual interpretation of the Qur’an and birth to a moderate thinking model that aligns with principles of tolerance, brotherhood, and nationalism. Research from the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta shows that a lack of external and internal empathy deficits for Muslims as the majority causes low tolerance. Therefore, it is essential to highlight Gus Dur’s thoughts on religious moderation from his work Islamku, Islam Anda, and Islam Kita. Gus Dur views Islam as a unique experience that should be understood, not forced. Gus Dur distinguishes Islam Anda as an obligation to respect the beliefs and traditions held by a particular community. This research was carried out through a literature study using the content analysis method and Gus Dur’s writings, especially my Islam, your Islam, our Islam. The aim is to revitalize the concept of religious moderation in the style of Gus Dur, who prefers to be called the father of humanity. The result shows Gus Dur’s concept of religious moderation, including awareness of religious diversity, implementing the function of religion for the public good, adopting a nationalist orientation, emphasizing interreligious dialogue, and upholding the principles of justice professionalism, and tolerance.

Needs assessment in long-term care: expression of national principles for priority setting in service allocation

BackgroundLong-term care services for older adults are characterised by increasing needs and scarce resources. Political strategies have led to the reorganisation of long-term care services, with an increased focus on “ageing in place” and efficient use of resources. There is currently limited research on the processes by which resource allocation decisions are made by service allocators of long-term care services for older adults. The aim of this study is to explore how three political principles for priority setting in long-term care, resource, severity and benefit, are expressed in service allocation to older adults.MethodsThis qualitative study uses data from semi-structured individual interviews, focus groups and observations of service allocators who assess needs and assign long-term care services to older adults in Norway. The data were supplemented with individual decision letters from the allocation office, granting or denying long-term care services. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThe allocators drew on all three principles for priority setting when assessing older adults’ long-term care needs and allocating services. We found that the three principles pushed in different directions in the allocation process. We identified six themes related to service allocators’ expression of the principles: (1) lowest effective level of care as a criterion for service allocation (resource), (2) blanket allocation of low-cost care services (resource), (3) severity of medical and rehabilitation needs (severity), (4) severity of care needs (severity), (5) benefit of generous service allocation (benefit) and (6) benefit of avoiding services (benefit).ConclusionsThe expressions of the three political principles for priority setting in long-term care allocation are in accordance with broader political trends and discourses regarding “ageing in place”, active ageing, an investment ideology, and prioritising those who are “worse off”. Increasing attention to the rehabilitation potential of older adults and expectations that they will take care of themselves increase the risk of not meeting frail older adults’ care needs. Additionally, difficulties in defining the severity of older adults’ complex needs lead to debates regarding “worse off” versus potentiality in future long-term care services allocation.Trial registrationNot applicable.

The Applicable Law Upon Minor

Purpose: This study focuses on the applicable law concerning minors, specifically individuals who have not yet reached the legal age as defined by the laws of their respective countries. Methodology: the author utilized the comparative method to analyze the Jordanian law in relation to other legal systems, such as Egyptian law and others. He employed the deductive method, drawing evidence from legal texts and international treaties. Research Findings: The research uncovered significant insights, highlighting how variations in the sources of personal status across countries, such as marriage and guardianship, have resulted in the regulation of minors under personal status laws. In Arab and Islamic nations, Islamic sharia law as the predominant basis for personal status. Consequently, it is deemed inappropriate for minors to be governed by a law that does not align with their own personal status law, which is characterized by religious principle. Research Implication: one of the key challenges for foreign minors is determining the applicable law. The law that governs minors is their personal law, which is the law of the state they belong to based on the principle of nationality. This approach is adopted by Jordanian and Egyptian laws, known by its stability and resistance to easy change. It also takes into account various factors such as economic, social and political interests. Originality/ Value: this study offers solutions for applicable law upon minor, some ideas and theories were discussed that dealt with solutions regarding minor and the law that must be applied on them, in addition, this study explains how the modern states treats with applicable law upon minor.

Legal Regulation of Parallel Import in the States of the Eurasian Region

The article is devoted to the problem of regulating parallel imports in the countries of the Eurasian region, which is significant in the conditions of the modern world economy. The relevance of this issue is related to the economic sanctions applied to such states of the Eurasian region as the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The legal regulation of issues of protection of intellectual property rights in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, China, and Azerbaijan is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, as well as legal acts regulating the rights of both copyright holders and importers and consumers, who are subject to the consequences of certain decisions of copyright holders who do not consent to the import of goods into different states.Aim. Research of the legal regulation of the institution of parallel imports in the states of the Eurasian region in the context of economic sanctions.Tasks. Analysis of regulations governing the protection of intellectual property rights in the states of the Eurasian region, research of the main directions of parallel imports in the states of the Eurasian region, as well as identification of the main legal problems associated with the legalization of parallel imports in the region.Methods. Comparative legal and cross-temporal analysis of international and national regulations in the field of antitrust, copyright and customs law, as well as the study and analysis of general scientific literature and the formation of one’s own conclusions during the research.Results. As a rule, the states of the Eurasian region have established the national principle of exhaustion of rights to a trademark, and the international principle is used as an exception for certain groups of goods. The legalization of parallel imports raises several formal questions about the compliance of permission to import without the consent of the copyright holder with the international obligations of various states.Conclusions. In connection with the introduction of economic sanctions against some states of the Eurasian region, parallel imports are an effective mechanism for protecting the domestic market from abuses by copyright holders who unreasonably deny importers the right to distribute goods. Also, one of the methods to neutralize the consequences of sanctions regulation is to use the markets of other countries in the Eurasian region, which do not directly prohibit parallel imports.

Challenges in Applying Nationality Law in Cases of Conflicting Laws in Divorce and Physical Separation (The Algerian legislator as an example)

The issue of conflict of laws in personal status matters cannot be studied without starting from the established principle for determining the applicable law. The Algerian legislator has relied on the principle of nationality to determine the law applicable to personal status matters. Based on this, the Algerian legislator considered it the best law or rather the principle of assignment that provides the greatest protection for the Algerian individual and for the Algerian public system according to the different requirements of the state. However, the problem is that the application of nationality law in conflict of laws has resulted in several shortcomings that have undermined the rights of the parties at the individual level, particularly the violation of the principle of gender equality, sometimes compromising the interests of the wife, the difficulty in preserving acquired rights, the problem of recognizing physical separation, and other issues that we will try to highlight in the national symposium.

Exploring Sustainable Finance: A Qualitative Inquiry into Responsible Investment and ESG Risk Evaluation

This research explores the landscape of sustainable finance, responsible investment, and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) risk evaluation, aiming to understand their complexities and implications for financial markets and sustainability outcomes. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study conducts a comprehensive review and synthesis of existing literature, drawing insights from academic databases, journals, reports, and other relevant sources. The research design involves purposive sampling of literature based on relevance, rigor, credibility, and significance criteria. Data collection comprises systematic review and analysis of scholarly literature, while thematic analysis is employed for data interpretation. The findings underscore the growing recognition of ESG factors' importance in investment decision-making processes, driven by their materiality to financial performance and sustainability outcomes. Institutional investors play a pivotal role in mainstream adoption of responsible investment practices, driven by the acknowledgment of ESG factors' impact on investment risk and return profiles. However, methodological challenges related to ESG data quality, measurement, and comparability persist, hindering effective ESG integration and risk assessment. Regulatory initiatives like the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) and the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) have contributed to mainstreaming ESG considerations but face challenges of regulatory fragmentation and inconsistencies. Addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts from stakeholders to develop standardized ESG reporting frameworks, enhance stakeholder engagement, and promote regulatory coherence. This study contributes to understanding sustainable finance dynamics and calls for interdisciplinary collaboration to bridge financial theory, sustainability science, and regulatory policy.

The Effect of an Educational Program Based on Constructivist Theory in Developing National Principles in the Subject of Social Studies among Eighth Grade Students in Palestine

The study aimed to identify the effect of an educational program based on constructivist theory in developing national principles in the social studies subject among eighth-grade students in Palestine. The study used a quasi-experimental methodology and designed an instructional program and a three-axis test on participation, governance and national principles. An intentional sample of (80) eighth-grade students was selected from two schools in Tulkarm Directorate, one for boys and one for girls. The students were organized into four sections of (20) students each. The results showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the two groups in national principles in favor of the experimental group, and statistically significant differences due to the interaction of the program and the students’ gender, where males benefited more than females, although the females’ overall performance was better. The study recommended integrating the activities of the designed program in the social studies curriculum.

Does institutional commitment affect ESG performance of firms? Evidence from the United Nations principles for responsible investment

Based on the sample of institutions in China that signed the United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment over the period from 2012 to 2021, we study whether institutional commitment improve their environmental, social, and governance performance. The results show that institutional commitment has better environmental, social, and governance performance on its investment targets. After a series of robustness tests such as instrumental variable method and propensity score matching method, the main regression results remain unchanged. In further analysis, we find that this relationship is more pronounced when institutions are controlled by the state and have more media coverage. This study provides a new dimension for the firms to enhance environmental, social, and governance performance and also provides a theoretical basis for United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment to further expand its scope of influence.