National Planning System Research Articles

An Integrated Framework for Estimating Origins and Destinations of Multimodal Multi-Commodity Import and Export Flows Using Multisource Data

Estimating origin-destination (OD) demand is integral to urban, regional, and national freight transportation planning and modeling systems. However, in developing countries, existing studies reveal significant inconsistencies between OD estimates for domestic and import/export commodities derived from interregional input-output (IO) tables and those from regional IO tables. These discrepancies create a significant challenge for properly forecasting the freight demand of regional/interregional multimodal transportation networks. To this end, this study proposes a novel integrated framework for estimating regional and international (import/export) OD freight flows for a set of key commodities that dominate long-distance transportation. The framework leverages multisource data and follows a three-step process. First, a spatial economic model, PECAS activity allocation, is developed to estimate freight OD demand within a specific region. Second, the international (import and export) freight OD is estimated from different zones to foreign countries, including major import and export nodes such as international seaports, using a gravity model with the zone-pair friction obtained from a multimodal transportation model. Third, the OD matrices are converted from monetary value to tonnage and assigned to the multimodal transportation super network using the incremental freight assignment method. The model is calibrated using traffic counts of the highways, railways, and port throughput data. The proposed framework is tested through a case study of the Province of Jiangxi, which is crucial for forecasting freight demand before the planning, design, and operation of the Ganyue Canal. The predictive analytics of the proposed framework demonstrated high validity, where the goodness-of-fit (R2) between the observed and estimated freight flows on specific links for each of the three transport modes was higher than 0.9. This indirectly confirms the efficacy of the model in predicting freight OD demands. The proposed framework is adaptable to other regions and aids practitioners in providing a comprehensive tool for informed decision-making in freight demand modeling.

‘What planners don’t do is plan’: recovering the English strategic spatial planning imagination

ABSTRACT Strategic spatial planning imagination is fundamentally distributed across private, public and third sectors within national planning systems. Drawing on stakeholder interviews, we review the practice of imagination in English strategic spatial planning post-2010, arguing that it is critically exposed in terms of both breadth and depth. We therefore make suggestions for further mobilizing dispersed imagination in England and underline the need for associated development in the education and training of planners.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПОТЕНЦИАЛОМ ИНЖИНИРИНГА В ИНВЕСТИЦИОННО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

The article presents the concept of managing the potential of engineering in the investment and construction complex of the Russian Federation, while its main provisions can be projected onto the domestic economy as a whole. Evidence is provided for the thesis that engineering in the investment and construction complex of the Russian Federation is one of the main areas that can ensure the intensification of scientific and technical development of the domestic economy. To ensure the realization of the potential of engineering in the Russian economy, it is necessary to develop the institutional environment, the institute of education and science, and the national strategic planning system.

Disaster risk management, climate change adaptation and the role of spatial and urban planning: evidence from European case studies

AbstractThis paper advances knowledge and understanding of the relationships between risk management, climate change adaptation and spatial planning as good territorial governance practices. The aim is to present evidence on how risks and their management are progressively being integrated into national planning systems in order to reduce territorial vulnerability and costs related to natural events in the European context. This paper is based on the ESPON-TITAN project which focuses mainly on flood events that occurred in Rotterdam, Prague, the Po river basin, Pori, Andalucia, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Dresden and the Alpine region. The paper reviews the literature and planning instruments applied in the selected case studies, as well as interviews with key stakeholders and decision makers. The results confirm the hypothesis that traditional disaster management is evolving towards Disaster Risk Management, clearly recognizing that Climate Change modifies and increases threats. Data on the consequences of natural disasters support the desirability of a proactive rather than a reactive approach, highlighting the crucial role of planning. The resulting governance is more "functional" than "territorial", leaving room for further advances and innovations such as territorial and multi-risk perspective, partnerships and civil society participation, and soft versus traditional hard or engineering solutions.

Development and Balance Evaluation for Land Use and Transport Interaction Using Node‐Place Model and Data Envelopment Analysis

To meet the evolving demands of land use and transport interaction (LUTI) assessment within China’s national territory spatial planning (NTSP) system, this paper introduces the level of development (LoD) and the level of matching (LoM) evaluation models, based on the traffic facility and land use factors. The LoD model, founded on the modified node‐place model, provides a comprehensive assessment of the traffic facility and land use development scales. Conversely, the LoM model, grounded in data envelopment analysis methods, evaluates the relative relationship between transport services and the travel demand generated by land use. The integrated use of LoD and LoM can both reflect the development scale and matching status between traffic services and travel activities, which are crucial contents in the planning works, especially within the NTSP framework. The proposed models are tested in the city of Guangzhou, and the LoD values exhibit peaks in central urban zones, suburban towns, and areas adjacent to railway transit, with a decline observed in rural farmland and ecological regions. In contrast, the LoM distribution performs a distinct pattern, highlighting numerous underperforming areas with congestion or idle problems in urban centers, alongside well‐coordinated regions showcasing a balance between traffic facilities and land uses in rural regions. Furthermore, the LoM scores revealed frequent instances of facility crowding in urban regions and intensive occurrences of facility idleness in rural areas. By marking regions with low LoD scores, the LoD model finds suitable application in determining the urban development border, essential for restricting land development and preserving farmland and ecological areas. Meanwhile, LoM aids in improving urban renewal efforts by assessing and optimizing the balance between intensive land uses and limited traffic facilities. Validated against the existing metrics, the combined use of LoD and LoM efficiently captures the most details of the LUTI process at the lowest computational cost.

Spatial planning needs towards Copernicus Land Monitoring Services: Case studies from Poland and Norway

The objective of this study is to identify the needs related to geospatial LC, LU, and LCLUC information for spatial planning in Poland and Norway, and examine the usefulness of CLMS products in the context of these planning systems. The research has conducted based on a comparative analysis of two planning systems, to indicate areas where CLMS can improve or supplement national spatial data. The study shows that CLMS can provide information on up-to-date spatial data showing actual LC/LU/LCLUC, but that the degree of detail and the accuracy may be insufficient. CLMS data is harmonised across Europe and thus meets the need expressed by international organisations, for data that are consistent at a continental level. This is not a requirement in national planning systems in Poland and Norway, where the needs are regulated by national legislation. The thematic and geometric accuracy of national data sources are usually better than the data provided by CLMS, but CLMS might fill gaps when specific topics are missing in national mapping programs.

Israel’s largest landfill rehabilitation: creative landscape design as a catalyst for a functioning metropolis

ABSTRACT Urban rehabilitation of brownfields advances cities' resilience and contributes to residents' wellbeing and nature preservation. This article explores the transformation of one such site-Hiriya, once the largest landfill in Israel-into a large metropolitan park. The rebirth of the area, taken to new levels by the design of German landscape architect Peter Latz, combines a regional solution to problems exacerbated by climate change, drainage, and transportation and brings social recovery to neglected neighbourhoods in the southern Tel Aviv metropolis. We argue that the success of Hiriya's transformation was a national-scale event, resulting not only from an evolved Israeli environmental discourse but from parallel processes including a maturing national planning system, a new approach to water and streams, and an overdue national plan for waste treatment problems resulting from threats to vital infrastructures. Using a range of textual and visual documents, the article examines the processes that led to the transformation of Hiriya and looks at how an excellent design turned Hiriya from a brownfield on the outskirts of the cities into a lively, green, functioning space in an urban setting, thereby providing a regional, even a global, model for creating sustainable spaces.

Urban Regeneration under National Land Use Control: Guangdong's “Three-Old” Redevelopment Programme

AbstractIn 2009, Guangdong province initiated a programme of regenerating its blighted urban neighbourhoods, outdated industrial plants and dilapidated villages (also known as “three-old redevelopment”), which continues today. While the academic attention focuses mainly on the city and project levels, few studies give a full and up-to-date account of the overall programme. This paper documents the background, purpose, scope, policy framework, project types, implementation modalities and initial outcomes of the programme. Unlike most urban regeneration projects around the world, the Guangdong programme – the largest coordinated effort in the global history of urban regeneration – is primarily driven not by the potential increases of land value but by an urgent need to find solutions to the conflict between the local demand for urban land and the rigid national land use control. The expected land value increases are harnessed to attract the participation of market players at the project level. The Guangdong experience opens up a new way for urban spatial development in China, especially at a time when China further strengthens national land use control under the newly established national territorial planning system.

Post-war economic recovery policy: experience of the Republic of Korea

The development of a strategy for post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy determines the advisability and importance of taking into account international experience. An urgent task is to assess the possibility to implement those economic policy tools that have proven their practical effectiveness. At the same time, it is necessary to define the reservations and risks associated with the implementation of certain aspects in the recovery policy. The purpose of the article is to identify institutional factors and economic mechanisms that provided the successful post-war recovery and development of the Republic of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s. Revealing the positive experience of the restructuring involves the account of historical conditions, and the role of foreign aid and internal sources of economic growth. The author has used the methods of comparative and problem-logical analysis, the institutional-evolutionary approach, the principle of integrability as a basis for the synthesis of empirical and theoretical knowledge, and the methodological approach of F. List regarding the historical conditioning of forms of economic nationalism. It is established that after the end of the Korean War, in 1953–1960, domestic policy and foreign aid were focused on solving the primary tasks of overcoming devastation and hunger. The author considers the forms of interaction between the state, the business environment and foreign aid in ensuring the recovery and development of the economy of the Republic of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s. Contrary to the recommendations aimed at liberalizing the economy with a focus on the development of traditional industries, the government of Park Chung-hee gradually implemented a national strategy aimed at industrialization and achieving global competitiveness on high-tech markets. This was facilitated by the introduction of the national planning system, the financial strategy of public-private partnership, and the support for export-oriented industrial production. The agrarian reform, focused on the development of highly productive family farming, contributed to the consolidation of food self-sufficiency and expansion of the domestic market. The strict policy of the redistribution of donor funds by the state provided a so-called export discipline for big business, thanks to which the national corporations - chaebols - became the drivers of investment and innovation based modernization of the economy. The author defines the main components of the Republic of Korea's success in realizing the national interests of economic development under the conditions of foreign aid in post-war reconstruction. An assessment is made of the possibility and expediency of using South Korean experience in Ukraine.

INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION, PRODUCTION AS A TOOL FOR SOLVING ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

The issues of organization and functioning of the integration structures of the «science, education, production» system in the historical period covering the 1920-2023 years of the country’s transformation from a pre-industrial society to a modern highly efficient system were considered. (Research purpose) To trace in historical retrospect how economic, political and social conditions influence the integration processes of the system of science, education, production, the main function of which is the process of introducing scientific knowledge, new technologies and competencies. (Materials and methods) Established that the system approach made it possible to identify the connections between the elements of the system, to trace the adaptation of the system to the effects of external and internal factors. The historical approach made it possible to establish the basic prerequisites that facilitate the beginning of integration processes within the system; highlight positive and negative experiences. (Results and discussion) They gave examples of integration of the agricultural engineering sphere of the agro-industrial complex based on the experience of the Southern Urals region. They covered the work of scientific schools as the basis for the symbiosis of science, education, and production. They showed the key areas of close scientific and industrial cooperation and their results. The analysis of the integration system «science-education-production» was carried out, which showed that the system-forming factor in the organization of integration structures was the system of national planning in the USSR. It was determined that the initiators of the creation of the integration system were leading scientists of the VASKHNIL, Academy of Sciences, research institutes, and higher educational institutions. It was noted that the actual integration of science, education, and production took place in the period of the 1950s and 1960s. (Conclusions) The review of the experience of interaction of integration structures in the agroengineering sphere made it possible to make a number of proposals that should be taken into account in the process of reintegration in modern conditions of science, education and production. The innovative development of the agro-industrial complex largely depends on the level of professional education. Highly qualified specialists serve as the driving intellectual link that ensures technological progress in any society. Historical analysis has shown that highly qualified specialists serve as a driving intellectual link that ensures the growth of technological progress in any society. Production as the basis of the economy should make maximum use of the latest achievements of science and attract highly qualified specialists. It is necessary to create mechanisms for bringing scientific developments to the release of industrial designs and final products.

An Empirical Study on the Efficiency of Science and Technology Finance in Jiangsu Province Based on the DEA Model

In 2016, "science and technology finance" was first included in the national planning system, and science and technology finance has made great progress, but there is a large gap in China's ability and financial level in scientific and technological innovation, and there are still a series of problems that need to be solved urgently. Scholars have explored various laws of economic development through a lot of models. There are still few studies on the efficiency of technology finance, and this paper explores the efficiency of technology finance through the DEA model.

Політика повоєнного відновлення економіки: досвід Республіки Корея

The development of a strategy for post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy determines the advisability and importance of taking into account international experience. An urgent task is to assess the possibility to implement those economic policy tools that have proven their practical effectiveness. At the same time, it is necessary to define the reservations and risks associated with the implementation of certain aspects in the recovery policy. The purpose of the article is to identify institutional factors and economic mechanisms that provided the successful post-war recovery and development of the Republic of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s. Revealing the positive experience of the restructuring involves the account of historical conditions, and the role of foreign aid and internal sources of economic growth. The author has used the methods of comparative and problem-logical analysis, the institutional-evolutionary approach, the principle of integrability as a basis for the synthesis of empirical and theoretical knowledge, and the methodological approach of F. List regarding the historical conditioning of forms of economic nationalism. It is established that after the end of the Korean War, in 1953–1960, domestic policy and foreign aid were focused on solving the primary tasks of overcoming devastation and hunger. The author considers the forms of interaction between the state, the business environment and foreign aid in ensuring the recovery and development of the economy of the Republic of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s. Contrary to the recommendations aimed at liberalizing the economy with a focus on the development of traditional industries, the government of Park Chung-hee gradually implemented a national strategy aimed at industrialization and achieving global competitiveness on high-tech markets. This was facilitated by the introduction of the national planning system, the financial strategy of public-private partnership, and the support for export-oriented industrial production. The agrarian reform, focused on the development of highly productive family farming, contributed to the consolidation of food self-sufficiency and expansion of the domestic market. The strict policy of the redistribution of donor funds by the state provided a so-called export discipline for big business, thanks to which the national corporations - chaebols - became the drivers of investment and innovation based modernization of the economy. The author defines the main components of the Republic of Korea's success in realizing the national interests of economic development under the conditions of foreign aid in post-war reconstruction. An assessment is made of the possibility and expediency of using South Korean experience in Ukraine.

Progress of Research on Urban Growth Boundary and Its Implications in Chinese Studies Based on Bibliometric Analysis.

Urban sprawl is a development theme of cities all over the world, especially in developing countries with rapid urbanization, and the long-established rough and outward urban growth pattern has brought about a series of social and ecological problems. As an important tool in controlling urban sprawl in western countries, the urban growth boundary (UGB) has become one of the three major policy tools in the national spatial planning system since it was introduced into China. Combined with a bibliometric analysis, this literature review summarizes UGB studies on development and evolution, delimitation means, and implementation management and provides references for studying UGB adaptability in China. The results show that: (1) Originating from Howard's garden city concept, UGB studies have formed a relatively complete system of "theoretical basis, technical methods, supporting policies, and implementation management" through long-term empirical research in foreign countries. With a relatively late start in China, UGB research currently focuses on different situations between China and abroad and the adaptation of China's localization. (2) UGB delimitation mainly includes two aspects: forward expansion, which, from the urban development perspective, is mainly supported by cellular automata (CA) urban growth simulation; and reverse restriction, which, from the ecological protection perspective, is supported by ecological security pattern construction, ecological sensitivity evaluation, and land suitability evaluation. (3) Many foreign UGB implementations have different forms and more flexible and comprehensive corresponding supporting policies. However, the current state of research in China in this area is still insufficient. Against the background of the national spatial planning system reform, the findings of this review provide references for delineating UGB that considers ecological protection and urban development under the scenarios of planning, formulating a supporting mechanism for multi-subject participation and multi-party coordination, and establishing an adjustment system based on implementation effect evaluation.

EFEKTIVITAS RPJMDes DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DI DESA HUNTU BARAT KECAMATAN BULANGO SELATAN KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO

Medium-Term Development Planning is a planning concept that becomes the government's guide in planning national development to villages and sub-districts. As regulated in Law No. 25 of 2004. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Medium-Term Village Development Plan in Development in Huntu Barat Village, South Bulango District, Bone Bolango Regency. This type of research is qualitative, with a database based on the results of interviews with informants.The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of the Mid-Term Development Plan of West Huntu Village in development shows the achievement of the development program in accordance with the vision and mission of the village government. This means that the function of the Village Medium-Term Development Plan is really effective in determining the direction of village development. That it is effective in village development, shows that the stages of the Village Medium-Term Development Plan are implemented in accordance with the provisions and regulations contained in the Village Law Number 6 of 2014 and Law Number 25 of 2004 concerning the national planning system.

Sistema de planificación del estado (SPIE), herramienta para el desarrollo prospectivo e integral en Bolivia

Law No. 777 of January 21, 2016, enacts and implements the Law of the Comprehensive State Planning System (SPIE). The purpose of this law is to establish the mechanisms of the Bolivian national planning system, and determines the procedures to be carried out for the planning of the integral development of the Plurinational State of Bolivia within the framework of Vivir Bien. The purpose of this research document is to present the foundations and concepts that support the state planning system (SPIE), as planning instruments in prospective and comprehensive development in Bolivia, in its different characteristics, such as hierarchy. The document was carried out through an exploratory and descriptive evaluation of documents concerning and related to concepts of Planning for Sustainable Development and territorial planning in Bolivia, such as norms and plans of the institutions involved in the Planning systems, at the same time the use of the historical method in which, through it, a remembrance of processes that occurred in the country was carried out, related to the processes and/or planning systems, strategies currently developed in the country.

О развитии методологии планирования в период турбулентности

The purpose of the article is to study the accumulated domestic experience of macroeconomic planning in retrospect, the specifics of its application in the post–Soviet period, to identify advantages and disadvantages, to determine possible vectors of development of the methodology of national planning: its principles, methods, techniques, technologies, logic and options for the implementation of existing scientific and applied developments in the practice of management. The positive aspects are established and the imperfections of the centralized and indicative planning systems used in the Soviet Union and a number of foreign socialist countries are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the need to preserve the experience of national economic planning accumulated in the Soviet period, in-depth study of its state in the transition to a market economy period, substantiation of probable options (scenarios) of development applied to the current conditions of macroeconomic uncertainty. Based on the study of the evolution of the scientific basis of planning, the problems of drawing up and executing national plans and programs of socio-economic development in modern Russia are analyzed. The accumulated experience of the program-target planning, limitations and prospects of its use are considered in the historical context. The potential opportunities and features of the use of the available strategic planning tools are presented. The necessity of creating a coherent national planning system focused on the implementation of the tasks of ensuring sustainable economic growth is substantiated. Recommendations are formulated aimed at activating the activities of economic agents on the use of principles and methods of planning adapted to market conditions of management and their application in the conditions of transformation of economic relations during the transition to Industry 4.0. Possible directions for further research may be the search for ways to link the strategic plans being developed with the provision of public investments, the systematization of various instruments of economic and financial regulation and the identification of opportunities for their development in accordance with the peculiarities of the organization of the emerging ecosystems of the digitalization period.

Urban Comprehensive Carrying Capacity and Development Order: A “Pressure-Capacity-Potential” Logical Framework

Urban comprehensive carrying capacity determines the scale and development direction of a city and is an important factor in the optimization of main function areas, the arrangement of urban development order, and the demarcation of urban development boundaries in China’s new national spatial planning system. Using the constructed “pressure-capacity-potential” model as a theoretical basis, this study combines human factors and natural factors and calculates the urban carrying capacity index by means of multi-factor weighted summation, graded assignment, stepwise correction, and subsection variable weight. From the perspective of the integration and coordination of “three forces,” urban development rules are established, and an urban development order based on the framework of “three districts and six types” is put forward. The results reveal four key findings. First, the “pressure-capability-potential” conceptual model analyzes the urban carrying capacity from the perspective of the integration of externality and internality, which can effectively support the orderly arrangement and rational layout of urban development. Second, the urban carrying pressure of Shandong province is general, and the urban carrying capacity is high. The results also showed that the urban carrying potential is low and the urban comprehensive carrying capacity is high. Third, in the “3+6” urban development pattern of Shandong province, priority development and key development zones are the main areas. For the most part, these zones are distributed in the Jiaodong Peninsula, the Jinan–Tai’an–Jining development zone, and the surrounding areas of Weifang, Linyi, Liaocheng, and Heze. Moderate development zones are concentrated in Nansi Lake and the Yellow River Delta. Fourth, the urban development in Shandong province is mainly restricted by landform, water resources, environmental capacity, and geological disasters. Under the premise of ensuring resource conservation and environmental friendliness, using policies and engineering measures to revitalize stock space is an effective way to foster urban development in the 14th Five-Year Plan period. This study can provide reference for the evaluation of urban comprehensive carrying capacity and the establishment of development order in Shandong province and other similar areas.

“DALSTON! WHO ASKED U?”: A Knowledge-Centred Perspective on the Mapping of Socio-Spatial Relations in East London

Since the turn of the millennium, Dalston in the London Borough of Hackney has experienced fundamental change through public and private investment in new infrastructure and processes of urban restructuring. This was paralleled by the reform of the national planning system, which aimed to devolve decision-making to the local level and increase the possibilities for residents and stakeholders to participate in planning processes. However, the difficulty of translating local needs and aspirations into policy goals and broadly accepted area action plans resulted in a crisis, which, in 2018, led to the introduction of the Dalston Conversation and subsequently the revision of planning goals. It is in this context that the Relational States of Dalston mapping project generated and assembled local knowledge about the web of socio-spatial relations between different local actors and in this way highlighted the significance and fragility of the communities’ networks and their spatial dimensions. The collection, ordering, integration, and production of knowledge can be seen as part of the core work in urban planning processes and policymaking. Which forms of knowledge are routinely used in planning contexts and define the relationship between planning action and urban transformation? To what extent could the mapping of local community relations add to this knowledge and help to improve decision-making processes in contested spaces of knowledge? In what ways could a relational understanding of space and architectural modes of research and representation contribute to the analysis, conceptualisation, and communication of local community relations? This article engages with these questions, using the mapping project in Dalston as a case study.

From “Land-Oriented” to “Human-Oriented”: Research on Evolution Features of China’s Industrial Park Planning Standards

This paper uses the time-series analysis function in CiteSpace software to systematically review the planning standards of Chinese industrial parks between 1985 and 2021, and then studies the framework, content, regions, and industry characteristics of these standards. The study shows that China’s industrial park planning standards have evolved through a series of developmental stages, namely from being land-oriented, then sector-oriented, and, most recently, human-oriented. The study also shows that through this process, a multi-layered, cross-domain framework of park planning standards has emerged. Due to the challenges posed by reforms in national land and spatial planning systems, the movement to transform and upgrade China’s industrial parks, as well as the rapid development of overseas parks, and the further development of industrial park planning standards, offer important new opportunities. Towards this end, this paper concludes by putting forward several strategies on how to best improve the framework of these standards, which is based upon keeping up with advanced technologies and basing development on practice.

МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВЫЕ ЦЕНТРЫ В СИСТЕМЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ

The article discusses the feasibility of including mineral resource centers of Russia (as independent objects) in the system of territorial planning and management. The problematic aspects of the mission of mineral resource centers as areas of accelerating economic growth are revealed. The place of strategies and programs of mineral resource centers in the national planning system and in the hierarchy of planning documents is determined. The question was raised about the creation of special planning and development coordination bodies for mineral resource centers at the level of the country's regions.