National Philosophy Research Articles

К вопросу об эпистемологии, сознании и интеллекте

This paper is devoted to issues of epistemology, which has recently acquired par­ticular relevance in the national philosophy. The role of cultural-historical episte­mology in the modern theory of knowledge is revealed, where the authors hold the idea that knowing the origin and development of knowledge itself, and its cultural conditioning in specific historical experiences contributes to a better un­derstanding of its significance and the scope of use. The authors present their vi­sion of the problem of transition from gnosiology to epistemology as from a strict prescribed methodology to the choice of one’s ways and methods of con­ducting science, where a significant role is given to such disciplines as computer science and logic. In this context, the relationship between consciousness and in­telligence with the theory of knowledge, in particular with cultural-historical epistemology, is also analyzed, since both the philosophy of consciousness and epistemology seek to understand the nature of knowledge and beliefs based on our conscious experience. This approach, considering the influence of social norms, values and cultural traditions on our cognition and thinking, stimulates the development of the theoretical basis of epistemology and its practical appli­cation. The authors conclude that modern research in the field of consciousness and artificial intelligence and their application in the methodology of epistemo­logy contribute not only to rethinking views on the nature of subjectivity but also to establishing the objectivity of our judgments. Ultimately, this leads to the inte­gration of collective and individual consciousness as an important factor in un­derstanding the world and forming scientific knowledge

Enhancing Malay Islamic Monarchy Education: Current Teaching Strategies in Secondary Schools

This study investigates the teaching strategies of Malay Islamic Monarchy (MIB) Education teachers in upper secondary schools in Brunei Darussalam. The MIB Education subject is akin to moral education but integrates Malay, Islamic, and Monarchical values in alignment with the national philosophy. The objective of this study is to analyze the teaching strategies outlined in the syllabus and textbooks, and to interview teachers to identify the strategies practiced in the classroom. The findings reveal a variety of teaching strategies suggested in the syllabus documents. However, the textbook content predominantly comprises factual reading texts and comprehension exercises. The study also found that project-based methods are the recommended teaching strategies in the curriculum documents and are popularly practiced by teachers. Interviews indicate that teachers continue to use the textbooks provided by the Ministry of Education, Brunei, with appropriate improvisations that align with the suggested teaching strategies in the syllabus. To ensure the effectiveness of MIB Education teaching and learning in the future, the syllabus and textbooks need to be updated with current teaching strategies, and teachers should be given exposure to these strategies.

ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ ЭСТЕТИКА И ФИЛОСОФИЯ «НОВОЙ МУЗЫКИ» КИТАЯ

The present study analyses the correlation between traditional aesthetics and the philosophy of China's "new music". The author provides a brief characterisation of national ideas of philosophy and aesthetics, special attention among which is paid to the concepts of "philosophy", "wisdom", "knowledge", "heaven", "earth", "man" and "unity". Their manifestation was found in the compositions, musical techniques, and performances of Tian Jianping, Zhou Wenzhong, and Qiu Xiaosong, who drew not only on philosophical and aesthetic national ideas but also on the contents of the Book of Changes. As a result, it is found that philosophical and aesthetic thinking has a broad influence on national composers, as many of them are now adhering to the principle of "returning to the roots". These outstanding composers have demonstrated the contemporary transformation of national philosophy and aesthetics through their unique musical language and creative methods. Their works are not only a tribute to tradition, but also a glimpse into the future, reflecting the ways of modernising and internationalising folk music by absorbing the essence of world music through the heart. In doing so, the manifestation of certain themes of Chinese aesthetics is presented in an organisational form based on their relationship with central philosophical concepts. We must realise that these themes are not only a means of artistic expression, but also a bridge between past and future, East and West. In today's multicultural world, Chinese "new music" not only carries the mission of inheriting the cultural heritage of the millennium, but also meets the challenge of innovation and development in the new era. By analysing the relationship between traditional aesthetics and philosophy of Chinese "new music", this study reveals an important fact: folk music innovation is not a rootless tree, but rooted in deep cultural soil, drawing on the nourishing environment of history and philosophy.

Exploring the Intersection of Pancasila and Human Rights in Indonesian Law

This research aims to explore the intersection of Pancasila and human rights in Indonesian law . The research investigates how Pancasila, as the foundational philosophy of Indonesia, can be aligned with the principles of human rights as enshrined in internationalhuman rights instruments . Methode The research methodology includes a comprehensive analysis of relevant Indonesian laws, constitutional provisions, and international human rights standards. The research also utilizes a comparative approach, examining how other countries have integrated their national philosophies with human rights principles .The findings of this research highlight the potential harmonization between Pancasila and human rights principles in Indonesian law . By recognizing the fundamental values of Pancasila, such as social justice, unity, and religious freedom, Indonesian law can uphold and protect human rights forall individuals within the country.Through the alignment of Pancasila with international human rights standards, Indonesia can ensure that its legal framework promotes and protects the fundamental rights and freedoms of all. Implication for Student research provides a unique opportunity to engage in critical thinking and analysis of the ethical and legal frameworks that shape their country. By delving into case studies and legislative decisions, students can develop a nuanced understanding of how Pancasila influences the interpretation and application of human rights laws, thereby fostering a more informed and empowered citizenry.

Falsafah Pandangan Hidup: Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Dengan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila

Background: Pancasila plays an important role in establishing the basic values and ideals of the Indonesian people. The basic values of Pancasila are not only a philosophical foothold for the country, but also a characteristic that the Indonesian people want to build and maintain. The purpose of this study is to analyze the philosophy of life view through improving the quality of human resources with pancasila values. Method: A qualitative approach carried out using research libraries. Results: The approach to the concept of social capital development is one way that can be used for the implementation of Pancasila values as the nation's philosophy of life. In addition, the implementation of Pancasila values is carried out through practice in daily social and cultural life. This includes practices such as maintaining tolerance, respecting differences, mutual assistance, mutual respect, and prioritizing common interests. Conclusion: The implementation of Pancasila values as the nation's philosophy of life can make a significant contribution in improving the quality of human resources (HR) in environmental development. Pancasila-based education can provide opportunities for individuals to develop the skills and knowledge needed in sustainable environmental development. The values of Pancasila also contain the principles of justice and social justice.

Peserta Didik Berkepribadian Muslim; Implementasi Karakter Berbasis Nilai Pancasila

This research aims to examine the values ​​of Pancasila as the basis of the nation's philosophy and its relevance to the principles of Islamic teachings which are implemented in the Independent Curriculum-based education process which is translated into the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P-5). The type of research used is library research with a qualitative approach. The aim of conducting a literature study is to find a basis or foundation for obtaining and building a theoretical basis, framework of thinking and determining temporary conjectures or research hypotheses. The results of this research show that basically, educational reconstruction is sought as an alternative solution to educational problems considering that various problem factors will accompany the development of the dynamics of the nation's life. Through the development of P-5, students are directed and given the opportunity to be more able to develop their character and competence more freely according to their needs through knowledge exploration activities, skill development and taking real action. Pancasila which is integrated with the Islamic dimension will form a concept that is more synergistic in order to build higher quality education through the following points: 1) Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa; Principles of Aqidah and Hablun Minallah, 2) Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab; Hablun Minannaas, 3) Persatuan Indonesia; Ukhuwah, 4) Kerakyatan yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan Perwakilan; Mudzakarah and Shura, and; 5) Keadilan Sosial bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia; 'Adalah.

The Development Framework and Uses of the Thematic Modules in Teaching and Learning Primary School Skills

To uphold education in Malaysia, especially Malay language education, and enhance the ability of Malay language skills at the primary level, a reform in teaching and learning Malay language education at the primary level is required. Language teaching strategies use a variety of principles, techniques, and approaches to meet the concept of integration in the National Philosophy of Education. The thematic approach is an approach that will be taught through the topics or themes selected following the time, place, and interest in moving a teaching and learning process as a vehicle and medium to gain knowledge, skills, and values translated into language teaching through listening and speaking skills, reading, and writing. Various issues related to learning language skills include teacher teaching capabilities, the quality of teaching in the classroom, and applying lesson plans. The framework is based on the modified instruction design steps from the ADDIE model, consisting of the need for analysis, the design and development phase, and the implementation and evaluation phase. Overall, this framework explains the steps that need to be implemented to develop and evaluate the usability of the thematic module aimed at improving the Malay language learning strategy among primary school students in listening, reading, speaking, and writing.

Assimilation of Tung Chung Shu’s Philosophy and the Development of Multiculturalism

The purpose of this article is to explore the thoughts of the philosopher Tung Chung Shu who is a figure in Chinese philosophy. Tung Chung Shu managed to compile several aspects of philosophy and culture that developed in China during the Han dynasty. Tung Chung Shu's thought has relevance to the development of multiculturalism, especially in Indonesia amid globalization today. The condition of the Chinese nation has a different cultural background and has succeeded in reformulating the unifying ideology of the country so that it can improve the condition of a society that is experiencing chaos. The philosophy and culture of the Chinese nation that developed when in this condition was the Han Dynasty which was dominated by Taoism, Legalism, and Confucianism. A Chinese philosopher, Tung Chung Shu, combined the three schools with the core teachings of jen, yi, l, chi, and hsin with the main goal of realizing a happy, prosperous, and safe society. The situation of differences that exist in people's lives gave birth to multiculturalism which offers a cultural paradigm to understand and interpret the differences that develop in people's lives. This research uses the abstraction analysis method and then analyzes it through a comparative interpretative approach that begins with description and historical continuity. The results showed that (1) the condition of differences in society can be avoided from conflict if the government can implement multiculturalism policies in regulating the order of government as in Tung Chung Shu's thinking about good governance (2) the condition of a country depends on the attitude of the country's leaders so that the condition of multicultural society can be safe, harmonious, peaceful, prosperous cannot be separated from the role of state leaders (3) in addressing differences need the attitude of wisdom, humanity, courage, wisdom and virtue as the philosophical thought of Tung Chung Shu. In line with the conditions of the multicultural Indonesian nation, Tung Chung Shu's thoughts can be a reference in efforts to develop multiculturalism in Indonesia. This argument is supported by the situation and conditions of the Indonesian nation which has a diversity of ethnicities, cultures, religions, regions, and different cultural traditions.

History Sistem Pendidikan Nasional

National education is a method that stands on a foundation imbued with the nation's philosophy of life which has the aim of serving national ideals and the ideals of a nation. Like the education system during the Hindu-Buddhist era. The education system during the Hindu-Buddhist era was based on goals such as religion. Meanwhile, the education system during the Dutch East Indies era was a form of hierarchy between natives and Dutch. The aim of this research is to determine the differences between the education system during the Dutch East Indies period and the Hindu-Buddhist period. The method used is literature study or literature review. The research results show that the goals of the education system during the Dutch East Indies era were also different from those during the Hindu-Buddhist era. Research results: Education during the Dutch East Indies era placed more emphasis on worldly matters and creative abilities in order to obtain superior human resources. Therefore, education today is expected to have the role of teachers in the Hindu-Buddhist era, especially in the context of the special specifications that monks had as teachers. This can include an analysis of qualifications, teaching methods, and their influence on educational developments at that time. This research contribution provides better insight into the development of education in the past as well as valuable lessons for the development of the education system in the future.

Profil Pelajar Pancasila dari Perspektif Persatuan Guru Nahdlatul Ulama (Pergunu) Kabupaten Kediri

This research aims to elucidate a comprehensive overview of Pancasila students as a strategic step in shaping the national character, particularly within the context of the Nahdlatul Ulama Teachers Union (Pergunu) in Kediri Regency. The employed method in this study is the literature review method, involving a series of activities related to the collection, reading, recording, and processing of data from various literary sources. Findings from this research highlight that the profile of Pancasila students plays a significant role in supporting national educational goals and advancing character strengthening programs. This profile encompasses essential characteristics and competencies for Indonesian students, both in the formal learning context and in interactions with society. Through the application of six dimensions of the Pancasila student profile—faith and piety to God Almighty, global diversity, self-reliance, mutual cooperation, critical thinking, and creativity—it is anticipated that the Indonesian society can become individuals who are intelligent, character-driven, and capable of facing 21st-century challenges. This is also expected to consistently instill Pancasila values, in accordance with our national philosophy, ultimately realizing a prosperous and dignified life for the nation as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. The development strategy of the Pancasila student profile is implemented through integration into formal education activities, such as intracurricular, extracurricular, and cocurricular activities, organized in the form of Pancasila student profile strengthening projects. Through the implementation of this policy, it is hoped to cultivate excellent character in the Indonesian student generation, enabling them to compete globally.

National philosophy and religion on corporate social responsibility/public relations initiatives: a case study of Islamic influence in Brunei business system

National philosophy and religion on corporate social responsibility/public relations initiatives: a case study of Islamic influence in Brunei business system

The Element of ‘Self-Actualization’ In Malay Poems Educates the Personality of Superior Teenagers According to the National Philosophy of Education

The Element of ‘Self-Actualization’ In Malay Poems Educates the Personality of Superior Teenagers According to the National Philosophy of Education

The Element of ‘Self-Actualization’ In Malay Poems Educates the Personality of Superior Teenagers According to the National Philosophy of Education

The Element of ‘Self-Actualization’ In Malay Poems Educates the Personality of Superior Teenagers According to the National Philosophy of Education

The Role Of Brunei's Philosophy In The Education System To Face The Challenges Of Globalization

Brunei achieved its complete independence and became a sovereign nation on January 1st, 1984. The content of the proclamation officially acknowledged the Malay Islamic Monarchy (or Melayu Islam Beraja, abbreviated to MIB) as the state philosophy and simultaneously acted as a guideline for Brunei Darussalam. Ministry of Education of Brunei, through the Curriculum Development Department, felt that MIB Education is crucially important and needs to be implemented in the Brunei school system. At present, it has been more than 38 years since the proclamation of MIB as the national philosophy of Brunei and nearly 32 years since MIB was implemented as a subject in the school system. This paper attempts to discuss the status of MIB in the school system and its roles, such as to produce Bruneian students who not only excel academically but also possess good character, especially when facing challenges such as globalisation.

Era Reformasi: Implementasi Negara Hukum dan Demokrasi di Indonesia

The history of the Indonesian constitution can be said to have gone through various stages of development. Each stage gives rise to a unique constitutional model. After the New Order and the 1998 events, Indonesia began a new chapter in the reform era which saw several government era changes. Each government has its own characteristics in running its government. The aim of writing this article is to understand the implementation of the rule of law and democracy in reform. This research is qualitative research that is bibliographic in nature (library research) to examine the concept of the legal state as the main object in this research. The research results show that a constitutionally based rule of law in a country has characteristics that are each adapted to the nation's philosophy and legal ideals. Therefore, in a democratic rule of law, it is the people who are considered to determine the enactment of a constitution. The embodiment of democratization in Indonesia is the existence of the concept of government decentralization since the reform era as an anti-thesis to the concept of centralization implemented by the New Order. The implication is that there is a shift in the locus of power from the center to the regions. With the spirit of decentralization, regions increasingly have broader autonomous authority.

ДӘСТҮРЛІ ҚАЗАҚ ДҮНИЕТАНЫМЫН ЗЕРТТЕУДІҢ ЭВОЛЮЦИЯСЫ

Қазақстан Республикасы егемендігін алғаннан кейін ұлттық сана мәселесі қазақ философиясында өзектене түсті. Осы орайда, қоғамдық сананың дамуында бұрын соңды болмаған отандық тарихқа және ұлтымыздың мәдениетіне, ұлттық мәдени-рухани болмысымызға, саяси-құқықтық көзқарастарға, жанұя мен күнделікті тұрмыс ерекшеліктеріне байланысты дәстүрлі құндылықтарға деген сұраныстар мен ізденістер күрт өсе бастағандығын қарастырады. Сонымен қатар, берілген мақалада бұқаралық ақпарат құралдары, әсіресе баспасөз, газет пен журналдар егемендік-тің алғашқы жылдарында өте жоғары белсенділікте болып, ұлттық интеллигенцияның негізгі трибунасына айналды. Осы кезде журналдар өте аз, дегенмен сол кездегі қоғамның ең өзекті мәселелерін жарыққа шығарып, оны талдауда орасан зор еңбектер жасады. Осы орайда мақаланың негізгі мәселесі қазақ философиясының іргетасы болып табылатын дәстүрлі қазақ дүниетанымын зерттеудің қалыптасуының тарихи астарларын айқындау. Сонымен қатар, егемендік алғаннан кейін көптеген отандық ғалымдардың еңбектерінде ұлттық философияның дүниетанымдық ерекшеліктері жан-жақты зерттелді.

The philosophical idea of a new Christian civilization in Russian Religious Philosophy

The article argues, using the thought of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Nikolai Berdyaev as an example, that the search for the genesis of the current political ideology, guiding the armed conflict launched by Russia in Ukraine, in the thought represented by Russian religious philosophers of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, i.e., the founders of a strictly national philosophy, is quite superficial and essentially unfounded. For the idea of a new Christian civilization with a new state order and a new role for the Orthodox Church, which they formulated, was an idea of such a Christian reality, the fulfilment of which, in their view, could only occur at a very distant time, actually at the end of human history, and required an earlier spiritual and moral revolution.

The Contribution of Croatian Women Philosophers to the Study of Croatian Philosophy

Abstract This text comprises three distinct sections. In the initial part, we give an overview of some specificities of Croatian, i.e., national philosophy. In the subsequent section, five Croatian women philosophers are represented from the perspective of their contributions to Croatian philosophy; we offer an overview of their works and evaluate their overall contributions to Croatian philosophy. Finally, in the concluding section, we provide an explanation for the notably heightened significance of Croatian women philosophers in advancing the exploration of national philosophy in comparison to their male counterparts.

Философско-культурологические предпосылки современной китайской неореалистической масляной живописи

The philosophical foundations of modern art are inextricably linked to the development of culture and the pecu-liarities of a particular artist's creative process. Chinese neorealist painting is a representative reflection of the philosophy of the “new period” epoch in the national culture, which focused the society's attention on the signif-icant changes in the fine arts of the Celestial Empire in the post-reform period. It is proved that the philosophi-cal and cultural preconditions of the artistic concept of neo-realist art were the theories of neo-Kantianism. Phil-osophical ideas of a new reality of human existence, a different quality of social relations actualized the ideas of humanistic ideals of professional activity of the modern artist, the value of national identity. The concept of neorealist painting in China is an expression of world and traditional national philosophy in art, due to which it acquires a number of specific features, one of the most important among which is the assumption of subjectiv-ism in the interpretation of reality.

Pancasila, Islam, and Harmonising Socio-Cultural Conflict in Indonesia

The compatibility of Islam and Pancasila, the Indonesia’s national philosophy, is still interesting to elaborate even though there have been numerous discussions on the theme. Notably, this paper addresses the harmony of Pancasila and Islam as the umbrella for nationhood and statehood in Indonesia. The writers argue that Pancasila and Islam coexist harmoniously in Indonesia, and this kind of harmony is a valuable esteem to reinforce unity, diversity, and cultural heritage within the society. The acculturation of Pancasila is an effort to integrate its values into daily life through traditions and practices involving various stakeholders. This acculturation will encourage acceptance of diversity and prevent religious extremism. On the other hand, conflicts between political Islam and nationalist groups in Indonesia affect cultural-religious expressions and disrupt harmony. Pancasila is vital in addressing these conflicts and promoting diversity and ongoing dialogues.