Funding Of National Natural Science Foundation Of China Research Articles

Research on dynamic evaluation method of individual scientific impact under multiple key nodes

Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to research an evaluation method for the development trend of the scientific impact of individual scientists before and after different key nodes in scientific careers. Method. This paper focuses on scientists at universities in Shanghai who obtained their first key programmes from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2011 to 2015. A two-node piecewise linear regression is used to divide the scientists’ individual academic trajectories. The Boston Consulting Group matrix (BCG-M) model is used to propose four types of talent. Analysis. The pr(y)-index is applied to evaluate the scientists’ impact. Several characteristics of the trajectory of the impact of individual scientists are defined by the change in the pr(y)-index growth rate. Results. The scientific impact of most scientists (66% and 62%) increased after they first obtained NSFC funding or their first key programme, respectively. The pr(y)-index of a 5-year time window is more sensitive to judge the of influence on scientific career. Conclusion. The two-node piecewise linear regression model successfully divided the academic trajectories of individual scientists into three stages。NSFC funding promotes academic influence. The talents are divided into star talent, focus talent, question talent and taurus talent.

Basic situation and trend analysis in heart transplantation research funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

This study analyzes heart transplantation funding provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) between 1986 and 2022. The findings offer an objective and scientific reference for heart transplantation research. CiteSpace visualization was used to present keywords in heart transplantation research. From 1986 to 2022, the NFSC disbursed ¥117.68 million to fund 259 projects related to heart transplantation. Hubei, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong, and Heilongjiang received the most funding. General and youth science fund projects accounted for 58.69% and 30.50%, respectively. The main discipline category was organ transplantation and transplantation immunity, accounting for 40.93%. Research hotspots included "immune tolerance," "rejection reaction," "t cell" "dendritic cell," "stem cell," and "transplantation tolerance." Research foci were "rejection reaction," "heart failure," "immune tolerance," "heart transplantation," "stem cell," "suppressor cell," "dendritic cell," "dilated cardiomyopathy," and "t cell." In the past 5years, the research frontier has targeted "transplantation tolerance," "ischemia-reperfusion injury," and "heart transplantation." Continuous NSFC funding for heart transplantation research has promoted the development of disciplines and cultivation of talent. Novel technologies (e.g., artificial hearts and donor maintenance) have generated new requirements for heart transplantation research.

Trend and status of the NSFC funded projects for constructed wetlands in the last decade in China

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is the main agency for Chinese scientists to receive competitive public fund. An analysis of its funded projects in the field of constructed wetlands (CWs) can provide a novel perspective to insight into the R&D of CWs in China in the past decade. Here, we collect the information about the approved CW projects from multiple sources, while a total of 123 various types of CW projects were found during 2013–2022. The results show that nearly half of these projects were granted to support Chinese young scientists. However, most funded scientists are concentrated in economically developed regions of China, showing a trend of uneven regional development. In terms of publications, 515 publications were found from 123 NSFC-funded CW projects. The funded CWs projects focus more on pollution control, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, low C/N ratio wastewater treatment, and wetland plants resources utilization. Based on the analysis of the R&D trend of funded projects, GHG emissions control, emerging contaminants removal, and larger-scale application of CWs may receive the NSFC funding in the future.

The practice and perspective of how the division of geographical sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China can support China’s archaeological science

<p indent=0mm>Under the guidance of President Xi Jinping’s strategic thinking about how to establish the archaeological science with Chinese characters, style and fashion, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) attaches great importance to archaeological science, and seeks to continuously deepen the reform of its fundamental management system. A new round of disciplines’ application code optimization was launched in April 2020. Under the first-level discipline application code “science of geography (D01)”, a new second-level code “evolution of geographic environments and civilization (D0107)” was established to promote the intersection of the sciences of geography and archaeology, and to further deepen and integrate research on “human-environment relationships”. This paper analyzes the development and difficulties of the archaeological science discipline of the NSFC based on statistics on archaeological science projects funded by the NSFC from 2011 to 2021. From the keyword co-occurrence map and the distribution of research areas, it can be seen that, with NSFC funding, the combination of archaeological science and geographical science continues to deepen, and advances have been made in research theories, research methods and research areas. These advances highlight the fact that with NSFC funding, archaeological science research has become focused more on the relationship between changes in the geographical environment and the evolution of human civilization, and also become clarifies more on the processes, laws and mechanism of the interactions between humans and the environment. For example, through analyzing the research hotspots of archaeological science projects funded by the NSFC in the past <sc>11 years</sc> (from 2011 to 2021), we found that environmental archaeology and archaeological science are the most prominent nodes in the keyword co-occurrence map, indicating that the projects funded by the NSFC fall mainly within environmental archaeology and archaeological science. However, although environmental archaeology is an important part of archaeological science, the NSFC has focused more on environmental archaeology. This is related to the stronger cross-cutting nature of environmental archaeology, and it demonstrates that with NSFC funding, archaeological science is moving to a more interdisciplinary direction. Moreover, by analyzing the distribution of the research areas of archaeological science projects funded by the NSFC in the past <sc>11 years,</sc> it can be seen that, on a large regional scale, the focus has moved from the original “cultural relics archaeological” provinces such as Shaanxi and Henan, to the frontier areas, with particular emphasis on the study of human-environment relationships in the unique ecological environment of the Tibetan Plateau. The newly-established D0107 code can make up for the lack of applications for archaeological science projects from the NSFC, and established an exclusive subject area for applications for archaeological science projects. Finally, we analyze the future role of the NSFC in promoting archaeological science, and propose that the development of the science of geography is conducive to improving and enriching the theory and methodology of archaeological science. In particular, combination with the science of geography will contribute to the transformation of the research paradigm of archaeological science. With the support of the division of geographical sciences of the NSFC, Chinese archaeological science research community will play a more active role in extending the historical axis, strengthening the historical credibility, enriching historical connotation, and revitalizing the historical scenes in China.

Analysis of the differences in lung cancer research trends between China and the United States based using project funding data.

BackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, and countries all over the world have given considerable support to lung cancer research. However, analysis on the status of funding in the field of lung cancer is still lacking.MethodsWe visited the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) official websites to gather lung cancer research information between 2008 and 2020. RSTCM6 software was used to extract the keywords of funded projects which were then imported into CiteSpace software for visual analysis of word frequency.ResultsA total of 1,745 and 5,939 search results were finally obtained from the NSFC and NIH websites, respectively. The amount of NSFC funding for projects in the field of lung cancer increased steadily from 2008 to 2012, while the NIH funding for lung cancer was significantly higher in even years than in odd years between 2008 to 2018. The Shanghai Jiaotong University, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangzhou Medical University were the top three research institutions that had received the most projects funded by the NSFC. Apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metabolism, the pathogenesis of lung cancer, cell signal transduction, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and immune-related research were the most frequently funded research areas by the NSFC. Biomarkers, targeted therapy, signal pathway, genomics, and immune-related research were funded most the most frequently funded research areas by the NIH. Both the NIH and NSFC funding for lung cancer immune-related research has increased in recent years.ConclusionsNIH funding in the United States is decreasing year by year, whereas NSFC funding is increasing in China. There are some differences in research focus in lung cancer research funding between China and the United States. However, both countries have increased the support for immune-related research in recent years.

Optimizing research funding allocation for marine sciences in the new era

As an important part of earth sciences, marine sciences are closely related to economic and social development, marine security, and global change. They are a source of knowledge for earth system sciences, an important basis for sustainable development, and underpin strategies of maritime power. This paper summarizes trends in the development of marine sciences and their main challenges in China. It is important to establish a sound subdiscipline of marine sciences to carry out original work, to obtain basic theoretical data, and to innovate for future development. The paper describes the trends in marine science funding allocation, and details some of the leading national basic marine science research around the world to provide context for the development of marine sciences in China. The paper reviews the succession process of basic research funding allocation. The discipline application code system of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), as the important framework of NSFC funding, determines the development of marine science research. It must be continuously updated and developed in accordance with the rules of development and the requirements of social services. Accurately determining the application codes is essential for the NSFC to allocate funding appropriately. In the 1980s and 1990s, the marine sciences were divided into eight subdisciplines. In 2008, the NSFC carried out a large-scale revision, and the marine sciences were divided into the current 11 subdisciplines. The paper introduces a new application code system for marine sciences and describes its development process. In the last ten years, marine sciences have developed rapidly, and the previous application codes could not adapt to the current development and trends in marine science and technology. Under the unified deployment and guidance of the Department of Earth Sciences of the NSFC, the Oceanography Group launched a systematic demonstration and overall redesign of the application codes of marine sciences in 2018. The aim was to better reflect the systematization, completeness, and progressiveness of the marine sciences system in the new era, to guide the direction of marine science research, and to promote the interdisciplinary, balanced, and coordinated development of marine sciences. Combining “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches, the group further analyzed the trends in the development of marine science research and carried out a systematic critical review. Considering the current situation and the challenges in achieving the coordinated development of marine science and technology and its social impacts, the group proposed a new version of the system comprising 15 application codes, covering three directions of “Branch Discipline”, “Supporting Technology”, and “Development Field”. “Branch Discipline” comprises six codes: D0601 Physical oceanography, D0602 marine chemistry, D0603 marine geology and geophysics, D0604 biological oceanography and marine biological resources, D0605 marine ecology and environmental science, and D0606 estuarine and coastal science. “Supporting Technology” comprises three codes: D0607 Marine remote sensing, D0608 marine physics, and observation and detection technology, and D0609 marine data science and information system. “Development Field” comprises six codes: D0610 Marine system and global change, D0611 marine engineering and environmental effects, D0612 marine disasters, and disaster prevention and mitigation, D0613 marine energy and resources, D0614 coordinated sea and land development, and sustainable development, and D0615 polar science. The updated system is forward-looking, coordinated, logical, and consistent, and better supports China’s basic marine science and major national requirements. Last but not least, the paper describes the Shiptime Sharing Project to support the Open Cruise Program, as well as an international cooperation network established by the NSFC. The trends in the development of these projects and future prospects are also discussed. The revision of the application codes has comprehensively organized funding for marine sciences in the new era. The new codes specify directions for the development of marine technology, and provide a means for the implementation of the national marine strategy through funding allocation. Basic marine scientific research will be better served by this optimized NSFC marine funding allocation system.

Analysis of Forensic Sciences Literature in SCIE from 2008 to 2017.

To analyze the literature on forensic sciences indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded （SCIE） in recent 10 years, and to understand the research status, characteristics and trends in the field of forensic sciences. Literature on forensic sciences from 2008 to 2017 in Web of Science （WoS） was retrieved. The documents number and geographical distribution, document types, source titles, organizations, research areas, authors, funding agencies, and the high cited articles were detected. The impact factors （IF） of journals were retrieved in Journal Citation Reports （JCR）. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. From 2008 to 2017, there were 21 001 documents on forensic sciences in SCIE. The main document type was articles, with English as the major language. With regards to research areas, pathology has the largest number of papers worldwide, and genetics and heredity has the largest number of publications in mainland China. Among the 18 journals where the documents was published, Forensic Science International ranks the first on publication count, and Forensic Science International Genetics has the highest IF （5.637） in the JCR 2017. In 2017, the number of papers from mainland China increased by 48.50% compared with 2016, which was higher than the global increase （32.63%） and the top-5 countries in terms of number of publications （the US, Germany, the UK, Australia, Italy）. The average document count per organization is 1.98 worldwide and 1.17 in mainland China, respectively. The publication number per author is 0.53 worldwide and 0.36 in mainland China, respectively. Around 28.17% of the publications were funded, with National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） as the Top 1 funding agency （192 papers）. Among the documents with citations, the most cited publication has been cited for 366 times. The yearly numbers of publications on forensic sciences are increasing during recent 10 years. Focusing on the mainland China, there would be more high-quality papers with the steady funding of NSFC.

Analysis and management of the national natural science foundation of china in a special hospital

Objective To explore the management model of scientific research projects based on the application of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the NSFC funding of our hospital during 2009-2017. Results Our hospital sets up the pre-experiment special project of NSFC and full-time policy, development translational medicine research center platform, introduce and train scientific talents, strength the delicacy management of scientific research and so on. Through the above measurements, NSFC funding in our hospital was significantly improved. The number of projects approved increased from 1 to 23, and the amount approved increased from 300 thousand to 21 million 350 thousand yuan during the eight yesrs. Conclusions The policy, platform, personnel and delicacy management have effectively improved the quality and quantity of NSFC, and promote the sustainable development of the hospital science and technology. Key words: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project application; Project management; Hospital; Scientific research

Analysis of the application and funding projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of burns and plastic surgery from 2010 to 2016

We analyzed the data of application and funding projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) during 2010-2016 in the field of burns and plastic surgery and summarized the NSFC funding pattern, the research hotspots, and weaknesses in this field. The NSFC has funded 460 projects in the field of burns and plastic surgery, with total funding of RMB 227.96 million. The scientific issues involved in the funding projects include orthotherapy against malformations, wound repair, basic research of burns, skin grafting, scars prevention, and regeneration of hair follicle and sweat glands. The research techniques involved in the funding projects are diversified. NSFC plays an important role in the scientific research and talents training in the field of burns and plastic surgery.

Recent research and development advances of wood science and technology in China: impacts of funding support from National Natural Science Foundation of China

In the past decades, the field of wood science and technology (WST) in the world has experienced significant changes in response to changes in resources, environments, technologies, and other emerging issues. WST in China is becoming a strong scientific discipline and has had an obvious impact on the global WST research and development (R&D) activities. In this article, a comprehensive review of the recent WST R&D advances in China is presented. Among various contributing factors, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), a state funding agency for basic research, has played a critical role in helping to shape up the Chinese R&D activities in the field. NSFC funding information in the WST field from 1988 to 2014, including the number of approved projects, funding level, and supported program categories, was retrieved and analyzed. The positive roles of NSFC in supporting free exploration, cultivating research teams and youth talents, and promoting WST R&D are demonstrated. Hot spots in some focused research areas, key advances in the field, challenges, and future prospect of the Chinese WST development are outlined.

Review and analysis of transplant biological research projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China

To study the funding and achievements in the field of organ transplantation support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). A search of NSFC database was made by using the key word "transplantation" and excluding "bone marrow transplantation" for the projects funded between 1988 and 2013. SCI indexed publications that marked with NSFC project number were collected by searching each grant number in the database of the Web of Science. Six hundreds fifty-five projects were identified and received about 220 million yuan in grant funding. These funded research projects were distributed among 25 provinces and autonomous regions, however, which were mainly in the developed coastal areas; of them, 43 (6.56%) projects were granted in xenotransplantation and 17 projects (2.60%) were funded in the field of traditional Chinese medicine-related organ transplantation; Transplantation on blood vessels, heart, kidney, liver, lung, small intestine, pancreatic, cornea, trachea, skin, etc. were primarily performed in research. Nine hundreds and sixty-one SCI-indexed publications were achieved. Magnitude and intensity of NSFC funding, output of SCI publications have been increasing, suggesting that NSFC positively promotes the development of organ transplantation. Although a great progress of transplantation has been made, basic and translational studies should be vigorously strengthened.

Stroke Research in China over the Past Decade: Analysis of NSFC Funding.

We analyzed the projects and published studies funded by NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) in the field of stoke. Further more, we searched the published papers supported by NSFC in the last decade using the keywords of "stroke" or "cerebrovascular disease" and analyzed the results according to the topics associated with the mechanisms of ischemic brain injury, novel techniques and new drugs, medical imaging, translational medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine.

Distributions of scientific funding across universities and research disciplines

Distributing scientific funding to the suitable universities and research fields is very important to the innovation acceleration in science and technology. Using a longitudinal panel dataset of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the total 224,087 sponsored projects is utilized to investigate the distributions of scientific funding across universities and research disciplines. The inequality of funding distribution is studied through the investigation of Gini coefficient, and its fundamental rules are discovered through the technique of distribution fitting. It is found that the inequality of distributions of NSFC funding across 1971 universities is decreasing, and the distribution of funding and supported universities of 971 research fields follow Generalized Pareto distribution and Geometric distribution function, respectively. This study is dedicated to give an entire landscape to help make policy of distributing scientific funding.

Progress of basic research in Parkinson’s disease in China: data mini-review from the National Natural Science Foundation

This review is to analyze the role of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) on the development of basic research of Parkinson’s disease from 1990 to 2012. Data on the total number of projects and funding of NSFC allocated to Parkinson’s disease, as well as hotspots in western countries, papers published, awards, personnel training, subject construction were collected, and the role of NSFC on other sources of funding was evaluated. Over the past 23 years, a full range of continuous funding from NSFC has led to fruitful results and a strong impetus to the progress of basic research of Parkinson’s disease.

Continuous funding of National Natural Science Foundation of China has boosted the development of the discipline of ophthalmology over the past 25 years

To analyze the role of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) on the development of the discipline of Ophthalmology from 1986 to 2010. Data on the total number of projects and funding of NSFC allocated to Ophthalmology, as well as papers published, awards, personnel training, subject construction were collected, and the role of NSFC on other sources of funding was evaluated. From 1986 to 2010, NSFC supported a total of 593 scientific research projects of Ophthalmology, funding a total amount of 152.44 million Yuan, among which were 371 free application projects, 156 Young Scientist Funds, 9 Key Programs, 5 National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, 3 Major international (regional) joint research programs, 1 Science Fund for Creative Research Group and 48 other projects. Over the past 25 years, the number of NSFC projects received by Ophthalmology has been an overall upward trend in the share in the Department of Life (Health) Sciences. Take the projects (186 of 292, 63.7%) as examples completed between 2002 and 2010, a total 262 papers were published in Science Citation Index (SCI) included journals and 442 papers were published in Chinese journals. Meanwhile, 8 Second prizes of National Science and Technology Progress Award and 1 State Technological Invention Award were received. As of 2010, the training of a total of more than 40 postdoctoral, more than 400 doctoral students and more than 600 graduate students have been completed. 5 national key disciplines and 1 national key laboratory have been built. Moreover, 2 "973" programs from Ministry of Science and Technology and 1 project of special fund in the public interest from Ministry of Public Health were obtained. 2 scholars were among the list of Yangtze Fund Scholars granted by Ministry of Education. Over the past 25 years, a full range of continuous funding from NSFC has led to fruitful results and a strong impetus to the progress of discipline of Ophthalmology.