Websites Of National Libraries Research Articles

Bibliometric Analysis and Thematic Distribution of Occupational Safety Books in Iran

Background and Objective: Occupational safety is an important and significant issue that helps maintain the health and safety of employees and prevent occupational accidents and injuries. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing and analyzing books related to occupational safety. Materials and Methods: The current research employed a descriptive and bibliometric methodology. The research population included all the books registered on the National Library website from the beginning to the end of March 2023 using keywords such as safety, occupational accidents, and fire safety. The data were analyzed using Excel (version 2016) and Minitab (version 19.2020.1). Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that a total of 2,617 book titles were published by the end of March 2023. Furthermore, the trend of book publishing has been generally increasing over the last five decades. The majority of the published books were in the subject categories of general safety (17.7%), fire (11.9%), as well as crisis management and emergency response (7.94%). Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that safety is a crucial concern in the industry and workplace, and Iranian authors have devoted significant attention to this field by writing various books. To enhance the quality of published books, authors are advised to conduct regular research, consult with experts in the field of occupational safety, assess industry needs through communication, engage with book audiences and gather feedback, and plan for updates to their published works.

National (State) Bibliographic Resources on the Websites of National Libraries of the Subjects of the Russian Federation: State, Problems, Prospects

The article summarizes the results of monitoring of national (state) bibliographic resources on the websites of national libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The peculiarities of the current national (state) bibliographic control in the republics of Russia are noted. The composition of the issues of state bibliographic indexes “Annals of the Press” by types of documents, differences in the periodicity of publishing, languages of the printed editions, included into “Annals”, presence of auxiliary indexes, as well as the form of presentation “Annals of the Press” (electronic editions, digitized printed editions, databases) are analyzed. The chronological framework of current and retrospective national (state) bibliographic indexes presented on the websites of national libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation is determined.

Library and Information Services in the Library User’s Personal Account

A priority for modern libraries is the comprehensive transformation of the library and information service model in the context of universal digitalization. Digitalization of the library and information sphere is expressed in the emergence of new methods involving the use of innovative software tools as an alternative to the traditional approach. Through the implementation of digitalization initiatives, libraries are creating managed electronic environments with a wide range of digital library and information services. Software tools oriented towards the provision of these kinds of services include the creation of a user’s personal account on the library website. Today a personal account is an essential attribute of the websites of many national and university libraries, both local and foreign. The aim of the article is to analyze the possibilities of a personal account in terms of providing library and information services, including bibliographic ones, to remote library users. The article discusses ways of online registration and authorization in a personal account, its services available to users, as well as software tools to make the user’s work comfortable. Personal account is a tool for managing a set of connected services, which is constantly being improved and supplemented with new services. The range of services available to the user can vary, reflecting the specifics and size of the library. The features of the personal account are illustrated by examples from Russian and foreign libraries. The personal account has been successfully used to provide bibliographic services to support research and teaching activities. Based on the results of the analysis of the information in the personal account, libraries make decisions aimed at increasing loyalty, formation of individual offers to improve the comfort of service for users. The personal account is predominantly used in university libraries, where it is a part of the integrated information and educational environment. Using the potential of the virtual working environment is an opportunity for libraries to find their place in the digital world.

The Propylaea of Paris

Ledoux, les Propylées de Paris is an animated slideshow portraying all the octroi tollhouses of Paris, built by Claude Nicolas Ledoux (1736-1806), a visionary architect, urbanist and utopian. 3D modeling was done with SketchUp Pro, rendering with Artlantis Studio and Photoshop CS, and video editing with iMovie. Each building rendered in 3D is graphically explored using transparency and greyscale. The source documents are the writings of Claude Nicolas Ledoux – L’architecture considérée sous le rapport de l’art, des mœurs et de la législation (Architecture Considered in Relation to Art, Mores and Legislation), Volumes I, II, and III, viewable online at the French National Library website: gallica.bnf.fr

Library Digitalisation as a Mainstream of Scientific Discourse

Since 2017, the Russian State Library (RSL) has held annually scientific and practical seminars of the cycle “The Role of science in the development of libraries: theoretical and practical aspects”, addressed to library specialists and scientists in the field of library science, bibliography science and book studies. The main targets of the events of the cycle are to activate research work in the field of library science, bibliography science and book studies; to discuss current problems of scientific activity of federal and regional library centres; to acquaint library specialists with the results of scientific research. One of the thematic blocks of the cycle consists of seminars devoted to the problems of digitalisation of librarianship. The latest scientific and practical seminar of this block devoted to the topic “Digital transformation of libraries as a subject of scientific research” was held on February 10, 2022. The speakers of the seminar were the leading scientists of the Centre for Study of Library Development Problems in the Information Society of the RSL. The seminar program included two questions. M.Y. Neshcheret presented the results of studying the remote reference and bibliographic services offered on the websites of national libraries around the world. Y.N. Stolyarov analysed the content of publications on the study of digitalisation problems in Russian professional journals. The seminar noted the significant role of practical librarians in the implementation of digital technologies in the work of libraries, as well as demonstrated achievements, proving the need for social library institute. The speakers called on contemporary researchers to intensify scientific research aimed at theoretical understanding of the ongoing processes of digitalisation. The seminar aroused considerable interest of library specialists.

Application of the principle of transparency in processing of European national libraries patrons' personal data

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the legal obligation of European libraries to ensure the transparent personal data processing and respect for user privacy. This paper will examine how libraries use privacy notices on websites to communicate with patrons about the processing of personal data and in what manner have libraries been guided by applicable transparency guidelines.Design/methodology/approachThe method used is the analysis of privacy policies and other privacy documents found on the websites of national libraries. The analysis sample includes documents of 45 European national libraries, 28 out of those being national libraries of European Union (EU) Member States. The elements for this analysis are derived from the mandatory elements of the General Data Protection Regulation and the recommendations of the WP29/EDPB Transparency Guidelines.FindingsThe findings suggest that European national libraries largely adhere to EU data protection standards. In total, 60% libraries use a separate privacy page, and 53% of the EU Member State national libraries websites managed to comply with publishing all necessary data protection information in a way recommended by the Guidelines, compared to 47% of non-Member State national libraries.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the understanding of the importance of the principle of transparency and its operationalization.

User Experience and Information Architecture of Selected National Library Websites: A Comparative Content Inventory, Heuristic Evaluation, and Usability Investigation

National library websites are essential vehicles for the general public to access national information and resources. The purpose of this study is to examine the usability, user experience (UX), and information architecture (IA) of a sample of national library websites. Through a three-phased multi-methods investigation featuring (1) a content inventory of 28 websites, (2) a web IA and usability evaluation of five websites, and (3) usability tests for three websites, the study results revealed statistically significant gender differences in participants’ task performance. Significant correlations were found between participants’ satisfaction and the content, visual design, and IA, as well as between heuristic evaluation scores and participants’ ratings. Several factors affected participants’ satisfaction: quality of information, the trustworthiness of the content, the perceived credibility of the content producers/providers, the website’s overall structure, and the visual design. The findings of the research also helped to identify common content elements on website homepages and to present a practical procedure for assessing national library websites.

Multimedia Products in Library and Information Service: Domestic and Foreign Experience

User service by means of multimedia is an actual direction of library practice. Modern forms of interaction with the user have wide functionality, attract readers, form the image of an information institution and provide comfortable service conditions. The analysis of the experience of libraries in the creation and use of multimedia products allows the identification of main trends in the use of multimedia in library practice, studying the range of existing multimedia products, their features, advantages and typical errors. The purpose of the work is to study the foreign experience of creating and using multimedia products in servicing library users. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: analysis of the document flow based on the study of foreign professional periodicals, analysis of the websites of foreign national libraries, comparative analysis of foreign and domestic experience in presenting multimedia products on library websites. Foreign experience is considered on the basis of publications presented in foreign professional periodicals and analysis of multimedia sites of foreign national libraries. Multimedia products of domestic libraries are considered based on the analysis of the assortment presented on the websites of libraries of various levels and departmental affiliation. The description of the features of the implementation of multimedia products and their specific assortment is given. The analysis of publication activity on the problem under consideration and the thematic distribution of publications are presented, foreign journals with the largest number of articles on the research topic are identified. It is established that the issues of creating and using multimedia products are relevant not only for domestic, but also for foreign library practice. The interest of foreign authors in providing services in a remote format is noted. The creation and use of multimedia products in publications is mainly presented by the example of describing the experience of national libraries and libraries of educational institutions. The paper analyzes in detail the range and features of the implementation of multimedia products on the websites of foreign libraries in comparison with domestic library practice. The common types of multimedia products presented by foreign libraries and their difference from similar domestic ones are revealed. The forms of information presentation and additional features implemented in multimedia products are considered. It can be noted that the websites of foreign libraries do not reveal unique multimedia products that are not typical for domestic library practice, at the same time, a number of features in the presentation of information and the species assortment are noted.

Electronic resources of the national libraries of the Russian Federation constituents to promote cultural heritage of titular ethnic groups

Information activities of national regional libraries in promoting original traditional cultures, including that of Russian native minorities, are discussed. Cultural resources as presented at the websites of national libraries of RF constituents were examined, and 70 resources were identified, including 12 in national languages. The National Library of Chuvash Republic holds the largest number of independent digital resources. Digital publications, websites and portals are among the most popular library resources. The national regional libraries have been also developing and maintaining their databases, however their rate is rather insignificant. Many library Internet projects are characterized by their multilayer structure, which enables users to access various information resources in culture and arts via single access point. Ill-conceived navigation, lack of distinctstructural hierarchy, information mix-up when some resources, including those in regional studies are present in several website sections, are on the downside of representing resources on the libraries’ websites. According to the data obtained, virtual exhibitions make the largest share of individual digital resources. The libraries of Volga Federal District appear to be the most centered on designing and promoting resources on the culture of titular ethnic groups.

National libraries Websites: Webometric Study Using Web Impact Factor.

The study aims to measure the web impact factor of the websites of national libraries, and to indicate the extent of their electronic presence, and the extent of their impact and impact on the Internet, which amounted to 150 websites, by analyzing those websites quantitatively and qualitatively, and the study relied on the bibliometric approach using one of the methods of webometric measurements. It is the web impact factor, and the study relied on the (Google search engine) and the Way back machine. The study found that the Bahamas Library website was the largest in size and the highest online presence, while the least attended sites were the Togo and Gambia library, The Slovak Library website also scored the highest sites in terms of the overall web impact factor, and the Sweden Library website ranked first according to Web Visibility Factor. Sultan Qaboos Library ranked first for the overall web impact Factor, and the subjective web impact coefficient according to the websites of national libraries in the Arab countries. Located in the Library of Tunisia, it scored the highest rank in terms of the revised web effect coefficient, and the spider vision coefficient in the Arab countries. The study recommended the need to pay attention to webometrics, especially the web impact coefficient, and to repeat studies at varying intervals of time and compare the results.

Online exhibitions and its availability on the websites of national libraries

Exhibitions play a vital role in spreading knowledge by basic memoryinstitutions (libraries - archives - museums), but traditional exhibitions faceproblems or restrictions, the most important of which are space and size, andthey may also encounter problems that require their elimination or postponementof some emergency circumstances such as wars and epidemics, as happened inthe last time due to the spread of the Corona virus, which led officials to the ideaof finding replacements to traditional exhibitions, as ideas turned towards onlineexhibitions.From here, the problem of this study crystallized around knowing theconcept of online exhibitions (electronic / virtual), identifying the advantages theyoffer and the defects related to them, studying the characteristics of thoseexhibitions and design steps, in addition to studying the availability of theseexhibitions on the websites of national libraries.The study relied on the descriptive analytical method to achieve itsobjectives depending on the search engines to restrict the society of the study,which restricted the number (222) national libraries all over the world, (73)national libraries were excluded because they do not have a website or only havea page on Facebook , the number of national libraries under study that have awebsite on the Internet has become (149) national libraries, as the study hasproven the existence of (40) national library sites that hold electronic or virtualexhibitions, by 27% from total libraries under study which are (149) NationalLibraries.

Online exhibitions and its availability on the websites of national libraries

Exhibitions play a vital role in spreading knowledge by basic memoryinstitutions (libraries - archives - museums), but traditional exhibitions faceproblems or restrictions, the most important of which are space and size, andthey may also encounter problems that require their elimination or postponementof some emergency circumstances such as wars and epidemics, as happened inthe last time due to the spread of the Corona virus, which led officials to the ideaof finding replacements to traditional exhibitions, as ideas turned towards onlineexhibitions.From here, the problem of this study crystallized around knowing theconcept of online exhibitions (electronic / virtual), identifying the advantages theyoffer and the defects related to them, studying the characteristics of thoseexhibitions and design steps, in addition to studying the availability of theseexhibitions on the websites of national libraries.The study relied on the descriptive analytical method to achieve itsobjectives depending on the search engines to restrict the society of the study,which restricted the number (222) national libraries all over the world, (73)national libraries were excluded because they do not have a website or only havea page on Facebook , the number of national libraries under study that have awebsite on the Internet has become (149) national libraries, as the study hasproven the existence of (40) national library sites that hold electronic or virtualexhibitions, by 27% from total libraries under study which are (149) NationalLibraries.

Desinfeksi Novel Corona Virus di Dalam Air Minum PDAM dan Air Limbah Untuk Fase Normal Baru

The purpose of this literature review is to review the effectiveness of chlorination in eradicating viruses (and bacteria) in drinking water and wastewater so that people can get scientific information on the practice of eradicating the new Corona virus. The research method was carried out by reviewing scientific articles obtained from the search engine scholar.google.com, the National Library website and textbooks. Chlorine is able to deactivate the virus on objects that are splashed by the patient's saliva. Giving chlorine doses of 0.2–40 mg / l and remaining free chlorine 0.2–0.5 mg / l, chlorination is effective in eradicating viruses and bacteria in drinking water. When the bacteria die, the virus dies or is inactive. The new Corona virus blanket can also be destroyed by chlorine. Researchers have also found genetic traces of the new Corona virus in wastewater. The genetic traces of the new Corona virus found in wastewater could be a latent danger for a new outbreak in the post-pandemic or new normal period. PDAM water that contains chlorine becomes important during the new normal period so it must be provided in public and social facilities.

Global Trends in Marketing Technologies to Promote Library Websites

In recent decades, the scope of library activities has changed. In addition to providing traditional resources and services, today libraries themselves are becoming developers of digital content and providers of access to electronic content. The user base of libraries is also undergoing significant changes: there are changing the user generations, employment trends, areas of interest and habits. Realizing that marketing activities can increase user loyalty, form public opinion about both — a particular institution and libraries in general, increase the visibility of library resources and enlarge market share, the most active specialists are adapting marketing to the conditions of libraries operation. In 2019, there was organized the study on the websites of libraries in Russia, Australia, the United States and Canada, Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America, as well as in a number of countries in South and South-East Asia in order to identify the main trends in the organization of library promotion in the Internet environment. There were considered the websites of public, national, University and academic libraries. Library websites were analysed for the use of 10 most common tools in Internet marketing, such as: the transition to a modern web site design, effective linking with social networks, marketing in social networks (Social Media Marketing, SMM), the use of banner advertising, the availability of subscription to e-mailing, the publication of press and post releases, the presence of a blog in the library domain, the availability of content evaluation and sharing tools in social networks. The study conclusion was the identification of trends in the development of library sites over a large area and the compilation of heat maps, which clearly demonstrate such trends, where the libraries of the countries of North America, Australia and Northern Europe showed greater consistency with the parameters selected for the study; Central and Southern Europe, Russia and part of the countries of Latin America are in the transition zone, and the least compliance are found in the countries of South Asia. The most common means of promotion is the publication of press and post releases. Among the least used marketing technologies are blogs in the library domain, embedded video and Internet broadcasts, as well as work on optimizing sites for an audience from social networks.

Versions of WCAG and Accessibility of Library Web-­Content

The aim of this paper is to analyze of the current state of accessibility of library web content in accordance with the principles of the standards Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 from 2008 and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1. from 2018.Research methodology. The methods of webometric analysis have been applied during the research.Results. The analysis of 177 websites of national libraries around the world for compliance with WCAG 2.0 guidelines was conducted. Based on the use of the web accessibility evaluation tool Achecker, 151 websites of national libraries have been successfully tested. It was determined that 29 of them (19%) are fully consistent, 3 are partially consistent, 119 are not compliant with the accessibility recommendations according to WCAG 2.0 at levels A, AA and AAA. There was no possibility to evaluate the 26 websites national libraries by AChecker. It appears that current state of accessibility of websites of national libraries, portals of electronic libraries and other digital project are insufficient to offer an equitable experience to individuals with disabilities. Additional seventeen success criteria in WCAG 2.1 are analyzed. The WCAG 2.1 offers an opportunity for libraries to improve accessibility practices, involve users with special needs to testing processes library recourses. Novelty of this paper consists in the focuses on the need to introduce a permanent audit of library web content accessibility by automatically testing and including an audience of users with special needs.The practical significance. The practical significance consists in considering the accessibility as part of the digital collections development, method testing accessibility internal databases, digital libraries, websites, other electronic resources and digital project.

Contents and Interactivity of National Library Websites


 
 
 The contents and interactivity of national library websites around the world is analysed. The study was confined to ninety nine selected national library websites. A checklist along with a data sheet was used as the tool for data collection and Microsoft Excel was used as the tool for data analysis. The analysis revealed that the websites have almost identical pattern of contents and interactivity. Majority of the websites used interactive applications. Facebook is the most preferred application followed by Twitter, RSS and blogs. The websites preferred extreme top right corner and extreme bottom right corner of their homepages to provide links to the applications and web objects. This study is useful for developing design standards for library websites and portals.
 
 

Library and Information Services on the Websites of National Libraries of Russia: Classification and Presentation Issues

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse services on the websites of national libraries of Russia. The author presents definition of the concept “library (library and information) service” and highlights the essence of these services. The article analyses how the services are presented on the official websites of national libraries: the Russian State Library (RSL), the National Library of Russia (NLR) and the Presidential Library named after B. Yeltsin (PL). The author uses the following methods: analysis of texts of library sites, comparison, generalization, classification analysis. RSL names the services on the main page of the website and provides the list of fee-based services. NLR also demonstrates services twice, but more complete list presents on the main page of the site. PL does not provide the full list of services on the website, but lists some services in the section “Access to Resources” (also, the site presents “The Price List of fee-based services (works)”. Electronic services of national libraries of Russia are allocated.The author characterizes classification of services on the website of each national library. Analysis of these services shows that they are not presented comprehensively (most fully in the RSL), and the services are called and classified by libraries in different ways. Users accessing different national libraries are not always able to understand exactly what services are described there.The article proposes classification of library and information services developed by the author. The classification is based on two attributes: the object that is requested by the user (document, reference, etc.), and the place of service. This classification can be used by both national and other libraries.

Evaluating national library mission statements in Ibero-America

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the websites of 22 national libraries in Ibero-America to determine whether and how effectively they display these organisations’ mission statements, as well as any convergence/divergence among these texts.Design/methodology/approachA review was conducted of the national library websites of ABINIA’s 22 members to locate their respective mission statements. The statements identified were analysed and evaluated against the positioning and presence criteria and wording proposed by experts.FindingsWebsite content clearly attests to national libraries’ eagerness to publicise their mission statements, which are readily accessible in most cases. Their functions are represented to a more or less standard pattern. Most are portrayed as institutions responsible for custodying, enriching, preserving and disseminating their countries’ cultural legacy. Other purposes mentioned include the promulgation of and accessibility to the heritage custodied.Practical implicationsThe paper may prove useful for professional librarians involved in drafting or revising their organisation’s mission statement in the wake of changing circumstances or on the occasion of the formulation of a new strategic plan.Originality/valueOf the very short number of analyses of libraries’ mission statements published to date, none discusses national libraries. This is the very first study of national library mission statement in Ibero-America. It forms part of a line of research dealing with national library mission statements defined and available on institutional websites for countries anywhere in the world.

Correlation between Daily Page Views and View Duration: An Exploration of National Library Websites

Generally page view and view duration help to estimate the popularity of a site they are also determining factors for estimating the extent of use of that site. This paper seeks to establish a “correlation” between the two variables, i.e. daily page views per visitor and daily time on site (view duration) of twenty five national library websites around the world to see the degree of association. A scatter diagram indicating the nature of association between these two variables is drawn. The Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r) is 0.744, which indicates a strong positive relation between these two variables. The pattern of scatter diagram also represents a positive correlation, which means the association between the variables is direct, indicating thereby that if the value of average page view is high then the value of daily time on site also will be high, and low values are associated with low values.

Adoption of Web 2.0 in African National Libraries: An Evaluative Study

Purpose: This paper aims to provide an overall picture of the application of Web 2.0 technologies in national libraries in African countries. The focus of the research was to examine the types of Web 2.0 technologies that were used in national library websites and their features. Design/methodology/Approach: Content analysis was used in terms of quantitative approach. A checklist as the main research instrument was developed based on other checklists and questionnaires. Data were collected by accessing National library Web sites of African countries. Findings: In the African continent out of 61 countries 51 countries have national libraries. 31 of these have web presence and 10 national libraries are using Web 2.0 technologies in their websites. Research limitations: A combination of content analysis with survey and / or interview may enable future researchers to analyze other aspects (e.g. the application of internal wikis or the use of instant messaging for reference services) of Web 2.0 that a single method of content analysis could not gain. This study explores the application of Web 2.0 and is useful for all types of national libraries in evaluating/deploying Web 2.0.