National Inpatient Sample Dataset Research Articles

Correlation between Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Cerebral Palsy in Children: A Comprehensive Analysis Using the National Inpatient Sample Dataset

Background: The existing literature lacks conclusive evidence regarding the relationship between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cerebral palsy (CP). This large epidemiological study aimed to explore the co-occurrence of BPD and CP among children. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset from 2016 to 2019, investigating pediatric patients with BPD and CP diagnoses. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including univariate and multivariate regression analyses, were conducted to explore the association between BPD and CP. Results: Overall, 3,951,039 patients were analyzed. Among them, 28,880 patients had CP (n = 796 with BPD and n = 28,084 without BPD). The rates of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 and 4, central nervous system anomalies, chromosomal disorders, retinopathy of prematurity (≥grade 3), periventricular leukomalacia, prematurity, and low birth weight were significantly higher in the CP-with-BPD arm contrasted to the CP-without-BPD arm. Univariate regression demonstrated a significant BPD–CP association (odds ratio [OR] = 7.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.24–8.37, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis, adjusting for various confounders, reinforced this association (OR = 5.70, 95% CI: 5.17–6.28, p < 0.0001). We observed a significant association between increasing prematurity in neonates with BPD and an elevated risk of CP. Conclusions: This nationwide study identified a strong correlation between the co-occurrence of BPD and CP, though it does not establish causality. Rigorous adjustments revealed that patients with BPD appear to have a six-fold increased likelihood of being diagnosed with CP later on, compared to those without BPD. While aligned with the existing literature, this study represents the largest sample size with recommendations for targeted preventive strategies to mitigate the burden of CP.

Placental abruption and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with birth weight ≥1500 grams; US national database study.

The pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is multifactorial, placental abruption is associated with serious neonatal complications attributed to disruption of the maternal-fetal vascular interface. This study aimed to investigate the association between placental abruption and NEC. We analyzed the United States (US) National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset for the years 2016-2018. Using the logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated to assess the risk of NEC in infants born to mothers with placental abruption after controlling for significant confounders. Analyses were repeated after stratifying the population into two birth weight (BW) categories: <1500 g and ≥1500 g. The study included 11,597,756 newborns. Placental abruption occurred in 0.16% of the population. NEC was diagnosed in 0.18% of infants, with a higher incidence (2.5%) in those born to mothers with placental abruption (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.3, p < 0.001). Placental abruption was associated with NEC only in infants with BW ≥ 1500 g (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11-1.62, p 0.003). Placental abruption is associated with an increased risk of NEC in neonates with BW ≥ 1500 g. Research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind this association and to develop targeted interventions to mitigate NEC risks in this population. Placental abruption is associated with an increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates with a birth weight ≥1500 grams. This effect could be via direct in utero bowel injury or due to indirect postnatal compromise that occurs in these infants. This is the first study to specifically address the association between placental abruption and NEC in neonates ≥1500 g. The study used a national dataset that included all neonates delivered in the US, thereby allowing for the generalization of the findings after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. This study lays the groundwork for subsequent studies aimed at modifying feeding strategies and other neonatal management for the prevention of NEC in infants delivered after placental abruption.

Maternal chorioamnionitis and the risk for necrotizing enterocolitis in the United States: A national cohort study

BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause for morbidity and mortality among newborn infants. Chorioamnionitis is a perinatal complication that is associated with preterm delivery. Few reports have studied chorioamnionitis as a possible risk factor for NEC. Further investigation is needed to fully understand this association. ObjectiveTo examine the association of chorioamnionitis with NEC in newborn infants. MethodsWe used National Inpatient Sample (NIS) datasets produced by the federal Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). We identified infants born to mothers diagnosed with chorioamnionitis and infants born to mothers who did not have chorioamnionitis. The odds ratios (OR) to develop NEC in infants born to mothers affected by chorioamnionitis were calculated using chi square and Fisher Exact tests in the overall sample and in subgroups of different birthweight (BW) categories. The association was re-evaluated using logistic regression models to control for confounding variables. ResultsThe study identified 18,973,800 newborn infants admitted during the years 2016–2020. Among infants born to mothers with chorioamnionitis, NEC occurred in 0.9 % compared to 0.1 % in infants born to mothers without chorioamnionitis, (adjusted OR = 1.12, CI:1.02–1.15, p = 0.01). The prevalence of NEC in infants born to mothers with chorioamnionitis varied by the birth weight category, mainly for BW category 2500-4499 g (aOR = 1.61, CI:1.44–1.80, p < 0.001). ConclusionMaternal chorioamnionitis is associated with increased incidence of NEC, particularly in the BW category 2500-4499 g. Further studies are needed to examine the pathophysiological factors underlying this association.

Enhanced Risk of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Esophageal Complications in the Ulcerative Colitis Population.

Background: Although heartburn and reflux are frequently reported in ulcerative colitis [UC], the correlation between UC and gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD], and its complications, esophageal stricture and Barrett's esophagus [BE], is not well understood. This study aims to examine the prevalence and associated risk of GERD and its complications within the UC population. Methods: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset, consisting of 7,159,694 patients, comparing GERD patients with and without UC to those without GERD. We assessed the degree of colonic involvement in UC and the occurrence of esophageal complications. Bivariate analyses were conducted using the chi-squared test or Fisher exact test (two-tailed). Results: A higher prevalence of GERD (23.0% vs. 16.5%) and GERD phenotypes, such as non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) (22.3% vs. 16%) and erosive esophagitis (EE) (1.2% vs. 0.6%), was found in UC patients (p < 0.01), including pancolitis, proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, left-sided colitis, and indetermined UC (with undefined colonic involvement). UC patients were more likely to develop GERD (1.421), NERD (1.407), and EE (1.681) (p < 0.01). A higher prevalence of esophageal stricture (16.9 vs. 11.4 per 10,000 patients) and BE without dysplasia (94.5 vs. 39.3 per 10,000 patients) was found in UC (p < 0.05). The odds of developing BE without dysplasia were higher (1.892) in patients with UC (p < 0.01), including ulcerative pancolitis, proctitis, and indeterminate UC (OR of 1.657, 3.328, and 1.996, respectively) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates an increased risk of developing GERD and its complications in UC. This highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring and early intervention to minimize associated GERD-related risks in patients with UC.

Evidence Against a Traumatic Brain Injury "July Effect": An Analysis of 3 160 452 Patients From the National Inpatient Sample.

The "July Effect" hypothesizes increased morbidity and mortality after the addition of inexperienced physicians at the beginning of an academic year. However, the impact of newer members on neurosurgical teams managing patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has yet to be examined. This study conducted a nationwide analysis to evaluate the existence of the "July Effect" in the setting of patients with TBI. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Central Distributor's National Inpatient Sample data set was queried for patients with TBI using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes. Discharges were included for diagnoses of traumatic epidural, subdural, or subarachnoid hemorrhages. Only patients treated at teaching hospitals were included to ensure resident involvement in care. Patients were grouped into July admission and non-July admission cohorts. A subgroup of patients with neurotrauma undergoing any form of cranial surgery was created. Perioperative variables were recorded. Rates of different complications were assayed. Groups were compared using χ2 tests (qualitative variables) and t-tests or Mann-Whitney U-tests (quantitative variables). Logistic regression was used for binary variables. Gamma log-linked regression was used for continuous variables. The National Inpatient Sample database yielded a weighted average of 3 160 452 patients, of which 312 863 (9.9%) underwent surgical management. Patients admitted to the hospital in July had a 5% decreased likelihood of death (P = .027), and a 5.83% decreased likelihood of developing a complication (P < .001) compared with other months of the year. July admittance to a hospital showed no significant impact on mean length of stay (P = .392) or routine discharge (P = .147). Among patients with TBI who received surgical intervention, July admittance did not significantly affect the likelihood of death (P = .053), developing a complication (P = .477), routine discharge (P = .986), or mean length of stay (P = .385). The findings suggested that there is no "July Effect" on patients with TBI treated at teaching hospitals in the United States.

Comparing Complication Rates, Costs, and Length of Stay between Unicompartmental and Total Knee Arthroplasty: Insights from a Big Data Analysis Using the National Inpatient Sample Dataset.

Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is increasingly used for knee osteoarthritis due to faster recovery, better range of motion, and lower costs compared to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While TKA may offer longer-lasting results with lower revision rates, this study compares the relative benefits and limitations of UKA and TKA using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Methods: This retrospective analysis examined outcomes of elective UKA and TKA procedures from 2016 to 2019, identifying 2,606,925 patients via ICD-10 codes. Propensity score matching based on demographics, hospital characteristics, and comorbidities resulted in a balanced cohort of 136,890 patients. The present study compared in-hospital mortality, length of stay, postoperative complications, and hospitalization costs. Results: The results showed that UKA procedures increased significantly over the study period. Patients undergoing UKA were generally younger with fewer comorbidities. After matching, both groups had low in-hospital mortality (0.015%). UKA patients had shorter hospital stays (1.53 vs. 2.47 days) and lower costs (USD 55,976 vs. USD 61,513) compared to TKA patients. UKA patients had slightly higher rates of intraoperative fracture and pulmonary edema, while TKA patients had higher risks of blood transfusion, anemia, coronary artery disease, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and acute kidney injury. Conclusions: UKA appears to be a less-invasive, cost-effective option for younger patients with localized knee osteoarthritis.

In-hospital outcomes of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and rheumatic heart disease: A National Inpatient Sample study (2018-2020).

e18525 Background: Autoimmune conditions are relatively uncommon in patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), with only a small proportion of patients affected. Among these autoimmune conditions, rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most commonly associated with MDS. Very few cases have been reported in literature that show the impact of RHD on patients diagnosed with MDS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of RHD on the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome who were admitted in hospitals from 2018-2020. Methods: We utilized National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2018-2020 to identify hospitalizations of patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes with a secondary diagnosis of Rheumatic heart disease. The primary outcomes examined were In-patient mortality and average length of stay, All the patients with MDS were divided into two cohorts based on the presence of rheumatic heart disease. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted, taking into account demographics, hospital-level characteristics, and pertinent comorbidities as adjusting factors. Results: Using the NIS dataset from 2018 to 2020, we identified 222,364 patients admitted with MDS during this period. Among them, 4.57% (10,162 patients) also had a diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The average age of patients with MDS and RHD was 80 years. Among these patients, 50.1% were male and 49.9% were female. The mortality rate among patients admitted with MDS and coexisting RHD was 7.7%. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the presence of RHD increased the likelihood of mortality with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-1.4, p-value &lt;0.05). Additionally, RHD was associated with a higher incidence of arrhythmias (OR: 2.9) and congestive heart failure (OR: 5.0) among MDS patients. The total hospital charges were more in patients with RHD than those without RHD ($80108 vs $82843). However, there was no significant difference in the length of stay (LOS) between patients with MDS alone and those with MDS and RHD. Conclusions: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) cases in patients with MDS are rare in clinical practice, leading to uncertainty regarding the effects of RHD on admitted MDS patients. Our study sheds light on the influence of RHD on mortality and other outcomes in this patient population. The efficacy of timely RHD treatment in reducing mortality and improving outcomes among hospitalized MDS patients remains to be verified in future investigations. [Table: see text]

Placental abruption and risk for intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants: the United States national inpatient database.

To examine the association of placental abruption with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. We examined the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) datasets. Preterm infants <1500 g birth weight (BW) were included. The odds ratios (OR) of developing IVH and severe IVH in association with placental abruption were calculated. Adjusted OR (aOR) were calculated using logistic regression models. The study included 113,445 VLBW infants. IVH occurred in 18.7% in the infants who were born to mothers with history of placental abruption versus 14.7% in infants without placental abruption, aOR 1.25 (95%CI: 1.13-1.38), p < 0.001. Severe IVH occurred in 6.4% in infants born to mothers with history of placental abruption versus 4.0% in those without placental abruption, aOR 1.53 (95%CI: 1.30-1.78), p < 0.001. Placental abruption is associated with increased prevalence of IVH and severe IVH in VLBW infants.

Prevalence and Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Anomalies in Down Syndrome.

Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of small intestinal atresia and Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in infants with Down syndrome (DS) and its impact on outcomes. We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample dataset. We included infants with DS, small intestinal atresia, HD, and the concomitant occurrence of both conditions. Regression analysis was used to control clinical and demographic variables. A total of 66,213,034 infants were included, of whom, 99,861 (0.15%) had DS. The concomitant occurrence of small intestinal atresia and HD was more frequent in infants with DS compared with the general population, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 122, 95% confidence interval (CI): 96-154, (p < 0.001). Infants with DS and concomitant small intestinal atresia and HD had higher mortality compared with those without these conditions, aOR: 8.59, 95% CI: 1.95-37.8. Infants with DS are at increased risk of concomitant small intestinal atresia and HD, and this condition is associated with increased mortality. · Infants with Down syndrome are at increased risk of congenital GI anomalies.. · Infants with Down syndrome are at increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.. · Increased mortality in Down syndrome infants with concomitant small intestinal atresia and Hirschsprung's disease..

Unveiling the Variances: Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Patient Admissions in Teaching vs Nonteaching Hospitals

Background We have carried out an analysis to evaluate the influence of hospital teaching status on the outcomes of individuals hospitalized with MDS. Methods The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset for the years 2019-2020 was employed to identify individuals who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of MDS. These patients were then categorized into two groups: those who were hospitalized in teaching hospitals and those who were hospitalized in non-teaching hospitals. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to calculate the primary and secondary outcomes. Results In the years 2019 and 2020, a total of 17,000 patients were hospitalized with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Among these, 24.05% (4,080) were admitted to non-teaching hospitals, while 75.94% (12,920) were admitted to teaching hospitals. Patients admitted to teaching hospitals had a higher likelihood of mortality (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.27, P=0.037), as well as increased lengths of stay (+3.58 Days, 95% CI 2.82-4.34, P&lt;0.001)and total hospitalization costs (+USD 66818, 95% CI 50528-83108, P&lt;0.001). Additionally, patients in teaching hospitals had a higher incidence of acute respiratory failure (6.81% vs 4.4%), acute kidney injury (23.89% vs 17.72%), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (14.36% vs 0.61%), and febrile neutropenia (11.03% vs 5.86%). However, patients in teaching hospitals had a lower incidence of anemia (41.86% vs 48.53%) and blood transfusions (38.8% vs 55.37%). Conclusion Individuals who were admitted to teaching hospitals with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) exhibited a notably higher mortality rate, as well as an extended length of stay and a corresponding increase in the total cost of hospitalization. Patients in teaching hospitals were also at risk for acute kidney injury, acute respiratory failure and febrile neutropenia.

Prevalence, mortality, cost, and disparities in transcatheter mitral valve repair and replacement in cancer patients: Artificial intelligence and propensity score national 5-year analysis of 7495 procedures

IntroductionWe conducted the first comprehensive evaluation of the therapeutic value and safety profile of transcatheter mitral edge-to-edge repair (TEER) and transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) in individuals concurrently afflicted with cancer. MethodsUtilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset, we analyzed all adult hospitalizations between 2016 and 2020 (n = 148,755,036). The inclusion criteria for this retrospectively analyzed prospective cohort study were all adult hospitalizations (age 18 years and older). Regression and machine learning analyses in addition to model optimization were conducted using ML-PSr (Machine Learning-augmented Propensity Score adjusted multivariable regression) and BAyesian Machine learning-augmented Propensity Score (BAM-PS) multivariable regression. ResultsOf all adult hospitalizations, there were 5790 (0.004%) TMVRs and 1705 (0.001%) TEERs. Of the total TMVRs, 160 (2.76%) were done in active cancer. Of the total TEERs, 30 (1.76%) were done in active cancer. After the comparable rates of TEER/TMVR in active cancer in 2016, the prevalence of TEER/TMVR was significantly less in active cancer from 2017 to 2020 (2.61% versus 7.28% p < 0.001). From 2017 to 2020, active cancer significantly decreased the odds of receiving TEER or TMVR (OR 0.28, 95%CI 0.13–0.68, p = 0.008). In patients with active cancer who underwent TMVR/TEER, there were no significant differences in socio-economic disparities, mortality or total hospitalization costs. ConclusionThe presence of malignancy does not contribute to increased mortality, length of stay or procedural costs in TMVR or TEER. Whereas the prevalence of TMVR has increased in patients with active cancer, the utilization of TEER in the context of active cancer is declining despite a growing patient population.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Schizophrenia and Other Non-mood Psychotic Disorders: Findings From a Large Inpatient Database in the United States.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked with an increased risk of schizophrenia and other non-mood psychotic disorders (psychotic disorders), but the prevalence and contributing factors of these psychiatric conditions post-TBI remain unclear. This study explores this link to identify key risk factors in TBI patients. We used the 2017 National Inpatient Sample dataset. Patients with a history of TBI (n = 26 187) were identified and matched 1:1 by age and gender to controls without TBI (n = 26 187). We compared clinical and demographic characteristics between groups. The association between TBI and psychotic disorders was explored using the logistic regression analysis, and results were presented as Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Psychotic disorders were significantly more prevalent in TBI patients (10.9%) vs controls (4.7%) (P < .001). Adjusted odds of psychotic disorders were 2.2 times higher for TBI patients (95% CI 2.05-2.43, P < .001). Male TBI patients had higher psychotic disorders prevalence than females (11.9% vs 8.4%). Younger age, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, personality disorders, and intellectual disability are associated with an increased risk of psychotic disorders in men. Our study found that hospitalized TBI patients had 2.2 times higher odds of Schizophrenia non-mood psychotic disorder, indicating an association. This highlights the need for early screening of psychotic disorders and intervention in TBI patients, calling for more research.

A99 HIGHER HOSPITAL INPATIENT RACIAL DIVERSITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER OUTCOMES AMONG HISPANIC AND INDIGENOUS AMERICAN PATIENTS FOR FIVE COMMON GASTROINTESTINAL DIAGNOSES

Abstract Background There is evidence that gastrointestinal disease (GI) outcomes are poorer among patients from underrepresented backgrounds. However, the impact of hospital patient racial diversity on GI outcomes is understudied. Aims We aimed to investigate the impact of hospital patient racial diversity on GI outcomes Methods Using the 2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), racial diversity was defined by the percentage of Hispanic or Indigenous American patients discharged from each hospital. GI discharge diagnoses were defined by diagnostic related group. We included GI bleeding, inflammatory bowel diseases, GI obstruction, cirrhosis, and alcoholic hepatitis. Logistic regression was used to predict major complication rates or comorbidity (MCC), long length of stay (LOS), and high total charges. Control variables included age, gender, payer type, patient location, area-associated income quartile, hospital characteristics including size, urban vs. rural, teaching vs. nonteaching, region, and the interaction of the percentage of Hispanic and Indigenous Americans with patient race. Results were validated with the 2018 NIS dataset. Results Our analysis cohort of 537,830 hospitalizations included 252,225 GI bleeding discharges, 59,310 gastrointestinal obstruction discharges, 106,820 cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis discharges, and 119,475 inflammatory bowel diseases discharges. In the unadjusted analyses, MCC rates were higher among Hispanic (24.8%) and Indigenous American patients (30.4%), compared to Whites (18.3%). In adjusted analyses, compared to white patients, Hispanic patients had higher MCC rates [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.21, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.15-1.28]. The same trend was seen among Indigenous American patients [OR 1.25, (95% CI) 1.09-1.43]. However, as hospital Hispanic diversity increased, inpatient MCC outcomes for Hispanics improved [OR 0.93, (95% CI) 0.87-1.14], and were even better among Indigenous American patients as hospital inpatient Indigenous American diversity increased [OR 0.83, (95% CI) 0.73-0.94] (Table 1). A similar improvement in MCC with increasing Hispanic and Indigenous American diversity was observed in the 2018 validation cohort. Table 1 highlights impact of increasing diversity on LOS and total charges. Conclusions Increasing hospital inpatient Hispanic and Indigenous American diversity is associated with better outcomes for these underrepresented minority groups. More research is needed on the impact of cultural competence and linguistic concordance on patient outcomes. Funding Agencies None

Hospital Factors Associated with the Survival of Infants Born at Periviable Gestation: The USA National Database.

Background: Reports on the survival of infants born at periviable gestation (GA of ≤24 weeks and birth weight of <500 gm) vary significantly. We aimed to determine hospital factors associated with their survival and to assess the trend for the timing of postnatal mortality in these periviable infants. Methods: We utilized the de-identified National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). National data were analyzed for the years 2010-2018. Hospitals were categorized according to delivery volume, USA regions, and teaching status. Results: We identified 33,998,014 infants born during the study period; 76,231 infants were ≤24 weeks. Survival at birth and first 2 days of life was greatest in urban teaching hospitals in infants <24 weeks and those who completed 24 weeks, respectively. The Northeast region has the lowest survival rate. There was a significant delay in the postnatal day of mortality in periviable infants. Conclusions: Hospital factors are associated with increased survival rates. Improved survival in large teaching hospitals supports the need for the regionalization of care in infants born at the limits of viability. There was a significant delay in the postnatal mortality day.

CHANGES IN MULTIMORBIDITY AMONG HOSPITALIZED ADULTS IN THE US

Abstract Having multiple chronic health conditions, or multimorbidity, is common among adult inpatients and is associated with risk of death, disability, and reduced quality of life. This investigation examines prevalence trends of multimorbidity over time among inpatients based on age, sex, and race and assesses hospitalization rates for individual diseases over time. Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 2012-2018 US National Inpatient Sample datasets was completed. Participants were hospitalized patients ≥55y from community hospitals. ICD-9 and 10 codes for admitting diagnoses were used to calculate disease burden using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). Unweighted mean index scores and admission rates for diseases were compared. Mean age for the sample was 72y, and inpatients were mostly female (53%) and White (77%). The mean comorbidity scores increased across the sample: mean CCI increased from 1.69 to 1.97 and mean ECI increased from 3.66 to 4.14. Comorbidity scores were higher over time with increasing age until about age 80-84 (for CCI) and age 85-89 (for ECI) and increased similarly among males and females. Black and Native American inpatients had the largest increase in mean CCI and ECI scores. Comorbidities with increased hospitalization rates included congestive heart failure (+5%), dementia (+6%), complicated diabetes (+14%), complicated hypertension (+17%), renal disease/failure (+5%), and obesity (+5%). Growing disease burden among inpatients supports the continued need for programs aiming to prevent and treat chronic diseases and multimorbidity, especially among underrepresented populations including Black and Native American communities.

Chorioamnionitis, Cesarean Deliveries, and Racial Disparities in the USA.

Studies showed disparities in management and outcomes of African American when compared to Caucasian population. The presence of chorioamnionitis may affect the decision to have a cesarean delivery (CD); however, it is not known if such a decision is affected by the mothers' race/ethnicity. To assess the interaction between African American race/ethnicity and CD in women with chorioamnionitis. Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample dataset, we examined the association of CD with chorioamnionitis in the overall population and within Caucasian and African American. Logistic regression models were used to control for confounders. The study included 6,648,883 women who delivered 6,925,920 infants. The prevalence of chorioamnionitis was 0.78 and 1.1 in Caucasian and African American, respectively. CD with and without chorioamnionitis was 41.2% and 32.4%, respectively (aOR 1.46 (1.43-1.49), p < 0.001), in Caucasian population and 45.0% and 36.6% in African American population aOR 1.42 (1.37-1.47), p < 0.001. African American population had significantly higher CD after controlling for chorioamnionitis and other confounding variables (aOR of 1.18 (1.17-1.18), p < 0.001). Chorioamnionitis is associated with increased rate of CD. Ethnic disparities exist in CD rates regardless of the chorioamnionitis status. Such findings warrant further investigation to explore factors associated with this discrepancy.

Decoding the DIC-Lymphoma Relationship: A Nationwide Analysis of Increased Risk in Adult Patients

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe, often fatal condition characterized by systemic coagulation activation leading to both widespread microvascular thrombosis and profuse hemorrhaging. Frequently associated with malignancies, DIC represents a serious clinical challenge. Lymphomas, characterized by their clinical diversity and varying prognoses, may present differing DIC risks across their subtypes. Aim of the study The study aims to understand how various lymphoma subtypes influence the development of DIC in hospitalized individuals, utilizing data from a national inpatient sample. Methods and Materials This study retrospectively examines a cohort of adult patients in the United States, hospitalized with DIC, both with and without lymphoma, utilizing the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes. Patients who were younger than age 18 years were excluded from the study. We used STATA for our analyses. Fisher's exact test was utilized for comparing proportions, while Student's t-test was employed for the comparison of continuous variables. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis, taking into consideration various patient, and hospital characteristics including age, gender, race, median zip income, insurance status, hospital geographical region and location, bed size, urban or rural setting, teaching status to identify the adjusted odds ratio for the development of DIC in different lymphoma subtypes. The Charlson comorbidity index was utilized to account for the burden of comorbidities in the analysis. Results Among 48,310 adult DIC patients in the 2020 NIS dataset, 2.48% concurrently had lymphoma. A significant disparity was noted in gender distribution, with fewer females in the lymphoma group (40% vs 49%, p=0.0135). Patients with lymphoma were, on average, older with a mean age of 62.72 years. The racial composition between the two groups was not significantly different (p=0.651). The odds of developing DIC were significantly increased overall in lymphoma patients (aOR=2.14, p &amp;lt;0.001). Of the lymphoma subtypes, other specified types of T/NK- cell lymphoma (natural killer) (grouped under the ICD-10 code: C86, and further sub-categorized into extra-nodal NK/T cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic, intestinal, subcutaneous, angioimmunoblastic, primary cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and blastic NK-cell lymphoma) exhibited the highest risk of DIC development (aOR=16.85, p &amp;lt;0.001). Non-follicular, mature T-NK-cell, other specified and unspecified types of Non-Hodgkin, and Hodgkin lymphomas also showed significant DIC risks (p&amp;lt;0.05), whereas no statistically significant risks were found in follicular lymphoma (p=0.753) and malignant immunoproliferative diseases and certain other B-cell lymphomas (p=0.726). See Table 1 for further details. Conclusion: This study underlines a significant association between lymphoma and elevated risk of DIC, with the highest odds observed in other specified types of T/NK- cell lymphoma. Clinical diversity within lymphoma subtypes influenced DIC risks differently, underlining the importance of individualized care. In clinical practice, increased vigilance for DIC is suggested in lymphoma patients. Prompt identification and management of DIC in this patient population could potentially improve outcomes in healthcare optimization. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to explore potential targeted interventions.

Machine learning prediction of hospital discharge disposition for inpatients with acute ischemic stroke following mechanical thrombectomy in the United States

Background and purposePredicting patient recovery and discharge disposition following mechanical thrombectomy remains a challenge in patients with ischemic stroke. Machine learning offers a promising prognostication approach assisting in personalized post-thrombectomy care plans and resource allocation. As a large national database, National Inpatient Sample (NIS), contain valuable insights amenable to data-mining. The study aimed to develop and evaluate ML models predicting hospital discharge disposition with a focus on demographic, socioeconomic and hospital characteristics. Materials and methodsThe NIS dataset (2006–2019) was used, including 4956 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke who underwent thrombectomy. Demographics, hospital characteristics, and Elixhauser comorbidity indices were recorded. Feature extraction, processing, and selection were performed using Python, with Maximum Relevance - Minimum Redundancy (MRMR) applied for dimensionality reduction. ML models were developed and benchmarked prior to interpretation of the best model using Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). ResultsThe multilayer perceptron model outperformed others and achieved an AUROC of 0.81, accuracy of 77 %, F1-score of 0.48, precision of 0.64, and recall of 0.54. SHAP analysis identified the most important features for predicting discharge disposition as dysphagia and dysarthria, NIHSS, age, primary payer (Medicare), cerebral edema, fluid and electrolyte disorders, complicated hypertension, primary payer (private insurance), intracranial hemorrhage, and thrombectomy alone. ConclusionMachine learning modeling of NIS database shows potential in predicting hospital discharge disposition for inpatients with acute ischemic stroke following mechanical thrombectomy in the NIS database. Insights gained from SHAP interpretation can inform targeted interventions and care plans, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and resource allocation.

Rising trends in the burden of cardiovascular comorbidities and major adverse cardiovascular events among young female smokers in two national cohorts studied ten years apart (2017 vs. 2007)

BackgroundAmple evidence suggests that female smokers face a greater risk of smoking-related health problems than male smokers. Due to the growing number of young smokers in the United States, there has been limited information on the effects of smoking on young female smokers over the past decade. MethodsHospitalizations of young (18-44 years) female tobacco smokers were identified using the National Inpatient Sample datasets from 2007 and 2017. We compared differences in admission frequency, comorbidity burden, in-hospital outcomes [all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE)], and resource utilization between two young cohorts separated by 10 years. ResultsIn 2007, there were 665,901 admissions among young female smokers (median age: 35), compared to 1,224,479 admissions (median age: 32) in 2017. In both cohorts, white female smokers accounted for most admissions, followed by blacks. In 2017, the prevalence of alcohol abuse, hyperlipidemia, uncomplicated diabetes, and chronic pulmonary disease decreased relative to the 2007 cohort, whereas the prevalence of deficiency and chronic blood loss anemias, diabetes with complications, drug abuse, hypertension, congestive heart failure, depression, liver disease, and obesity increased significantly (p<0.001). The 2017 cohort had significantly higher odds of all-cause mortality [aOR 1.25 (95%CI: 1.16-1.35)] and a higher risk of MACE [aOR 1.17 (95%CI:1.14-1.20)] upon multivariable adjustment. (p<0.001). Comparatively, the 2017 cohort had fewer routine discharges and higher home healthcare needs than the 2007 cohort. ConclusionsIn this decade-apart analysis, the study reveals rising trends in the burden of comorbidities, MACE, and healthcare resource utilization in admissions (regardless of the primary cause) among relatively younger female smokers. It is crucial to educate young female smokers about the detrimental effects of tobacco and polysubstance abuse on cardiovascular outcomes.

Outcomes of pediatric ventricular assist device in the United States: an analysis of the national inpatient sample database

Abstract Background Infants and children with advanced heart failure, refractory to medications, are frequently supported with ventricular assist devices (VAD). Purpose To describe the patient characteristics of those who were supported with VADs and describe the factors associated with mortality with use of VAD in the USA. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a large administrative database, the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset for the years 2010 to 2018. We identified pediatric patients (0–18 years of age) who had implantation of VAD during the hospitalization. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between survivors and those who died during the hospitalization. Results We identified 1620 patients with VAD procedure in the years we studied. Of them, 324 patients (20%) died during the hospitalization. The trend of utilizing VAD was increasing during the years of the study (Fig. 1). Mortality trend over the study years is presented in figure 2. In multivariable regression analysis, patients with VAD who died were more likely to be less than 1 year of age (OR=4.14, 95% CI:2.29–7.50, p &amp;lt; 0.001), on mechanical ventilation for more than 96 hours (OR=10.71, 95% CI: 6.69–17.14=5, p &amp;lt; 0.001), had liver failure (OR 19.88, 95% CI:10.15-38.95, p&amp;lt;0.001). Those who survived to hospital discharge were more likely to have orthotopic heart transplantation (OR=19.08, 95% CI: 8.12-44.81, p&amp;lt;0.001) and were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (OR=5.08, 95% CI: 3.38-7.63, p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion VAD in pediatric population is increasingly being used in the United States as a bridge to recovery or transplantation. During study period, in hospital mortality trended down significantly. Younger patient's age; less than one year, liver failure and &amp;gt;96 hours mechanical ventilation are considerable risk factors for mortality. Prospective studies are needed to account for confounders, and further classify risk factors based on underlying structural heart disease and clinical status at time of hospital admission.