National Innovative Capacity Research Articles

Nations’ share of innovative entrepreneurs: financial systems to the rescue in difficult institutional settings

With much of the literature declaring little role for financial systems in boosting a nation's share of innovative entrepreneurs, this study argues that financial systems play an important role when other parts of the national business systems —skills and government— are weak. This argument is supported by an analysis of a panel data set comprising 283 country-year data over five years. Overall, this research contributes to a stream of research about the context for entrepreneurial aspirations or entrepreneurship quality. The study empirically confirms an idea seldom tested: the interplay required between systems components, such as institutions, to increase national innovative capacity.

Decoding National Innovation Capacities: A Comparative Analysis of Publication Patterns in Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Blockchain

Decoding National Innovation Capacities: A Comparative Analysis of Publication Patterns in Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Blockchain

Tangible, intangible assets and labour productivity growth

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of tangible and intangible investments in driving labour productivity growth in the European Union over the period 2000–2017 and their role in the short and medium run. Additionally, heterogeneity across countries is accounted for by performing estimates separately for Eastern and Western European countries.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used to conduct the analysis of the determinants of productivity is the two-way fixed-effect and the system generalised method of moments. We also include country-specific dummies in place of our variable on national innovative capacity as a means to further reduce the number of instruments.FindingsThe results reveal a long-term relationship of investment in intangible assets with labour productivity growth, more specifically of investment in R&D. This relationship holds both when considering the whole set of European countries and for Western European countries, demonstrating that R&D is key to enhancing labour productivity growth. On the contrary, the effect for Eastern countries is negative, probably due to the lack of capacity to turn this investment into an efficient and effective way to foster productivity.Originality/valueBesides confirming the well-known role of tangible and intangible assets in productivity, the heterogeneity shown in our analysis highlights the need for improving capabilities in Eastern countries. Diversifying the decisions on the investments in European countries, depending on the specific needs and their heterogeneity, could help bridge the productivity gap and enhance specific capabilities of the country systems.

Lingua franca proficiency and cross-border mergers and acquisitions: Language matters

The study explores the effect of lingua franca proficiency on cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Based on data from 2000 to 2019 in Zephyr database, we find that lingua franca proficiency measured by combined English score can promote cross-border M&As from deal value, deal number and success rate dimensions. Language output ability (writing and speaking skills) is more important that input ability (listening and reading). Also, its effect is more evident for countries with higher education level and unlisted firms. In addition, two main channels through which lingua franca proficiency functions are national openness extent and innovation capacity.

National Innovation Capacity and Economic Growth: A Global Empirical Analysis

In recent years, building an innovative country has gradually become a hot topic in the international community. Relying on scientific and technological innovation to increase their core competitiveness has become an objective requirement of all economies. Therefore, starting from Schumpeter's theory, this paper takes 41 countries from 2011 to 2021 as samples to investigate the impact of national innovation capacity on their economic growth, the intermediary role of price level in the main relationship, and the heterogeneity of developed and developing countries after analyzing the pattern of innovation capacity of countries in the world. This paper uses the global innovation index and the CPI of various countries for empirical analysis. The empirical results show that countries with high GII scores are more likely to have a good economic growth; The lower consumer price level has a positive effect on the GII to influence the economic growth; Scientific and technological progress in developed countries is more conducive to economic growth. This study mainly discusses the impact of innovation ability on economic growth and adds content to relevant literature to help countries think about their innovation level and change ways.

A Meta-Analysis of Green Human Resource Management: The Effectiveness and National Conditions

Green human resource management (HRM) refers to HRM policies and processes that promote organizations’ green outcomes. Using the meta-analysis method, we examined the effects of green HRM’s effects on organizational and individual outcomes. We also explored green HRM’s heterogeneous country-level moderators. The results confirmed that green HRM have positive impacts on the outcomes. Furthermore, we found that a national culture, national innovation capacity and environmental pollution moderate the effects of green HRM on outcomes.

Inovacioni kapacitet kao pokretačka snaga nacionalne konkurentnosti

Each national economy has specific characteristics that determine its innovative capabilities to a greater or lesser extent. National innovation capacity can be a source of prosperity and growth for the national economy. Measuring national innovation capacity is very important because it provides knowledge about the dynamics of inventions in economic activities. By measuring the innovative capacity of the economy, indicators are obtained that are significant for the creation of development policy and are an important element in evaluating the success of its implementation. The connection between innovation and competitive advantage is direct and positive because the innovative capacities of companies can create, support, and make sustainable competitiveness both in the domestic and foreign markets. This paper aims to determine whether there is a relationship between national innovative capacity and competitiveness. To allow for data mutual comparability and generalization, the research included four countries: Serbia and three neighboring European Union member countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania). The evaluation was conducted using statistical data from international databases (WEF, INSEAD, and WIPO) covering 2008 to 2018. The findings indicate a positive relationship between a country's competitiveness and innovative capacity, as measured by the Global Innovation Index and the Global Competitiveness Index. In the cases of Serbia and Bulgaria, there was a strong correlation between national competitiveness and the country's innovation index. In Hungary and Romania, on the other hand, the correlation coefficient is low. The paper's originality is reflected in the analysis and comparison of the innovation capacities four Eastern European countries (Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania), which are rarely the subject of research in innovation.

Evolution and Features of China's Central Government Funding System for Basic Research.

Basic research is believed to be a crucial factor for building national innovation capacity and therefore was perceived as a key battleground for national technological and economic competition. Since the economic reform and opening up in the late 1970s, China has made great achievements in building up its national research system. However, the lacking capabilities to conduct ground-breaking scientific work remain one of the daunting challenges for the country. How to restructure its funding system for basic research so to reinvigorate its indigenous innovation capacity has been one of the main concerns for the Chinese government in recent years. To address this, the paper proposes a conceptual framework to analyze how China’s central government funding system for basic research has evolved since 1985. The paper concludes with a discussion of the identified problems and challenges that China is facing in its current funding system for basic research.

Redeveloping the National Innovative Capacity Framework: European Union Perspective

This paper aims to redevelop the national innovative capacity framework and specify the influence of its’ elements on shaping the innovation performance of the EU nations. The objects of the empirical research are the EU member states for the period of 2000–2018. The collected data is employed in a multivariate Granger causality analysis that illustrates the causal links between the analyzed indicators and considers their dynamics. The results demonstrate that countries seeking to increase the levels of innovative outputs should mostly focus on scientific excellence and international economic activities. A redevelopment of the framework also helped discover that gender equality and corruption have causal links with all forms of the investigated innovation indicators—technological, non-technological, and commercial ones. The outcomes of this study highlight the most critical areas where EU member states could focus to improve their national innovation performance and may assist policymakers in the designing process of future innovation policies.

PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA BERKONSEP KAPASITAS INOVASI DAERAH DI DESA TANJUNGJAYA, KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG, PROVINSI BANTEN

Tanjungjaya Village is one of the villages located around the Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Banten Province. The potential possessed by Tanjungjaya Village is tourism and the creative economy. The purpose of this study is to develop a tourism village model based on Regional Innovation Capacity which is expected to contribute to tourism village development and management policies. Regional Innovation Capacity (KID) was developed from the theory of National Innovation Capacity (KIN). KID approach by adjusting several variables to regional factors, developing industrial clusters, developing production function ideas, and regional strategic policies, especially related to tourism and the creative economy. The survey was conducted on respondents consisting of policymakers, tourist attractions managers, management partners, visitors, and creative economy actors. Data processing is done by exponential regression. The innovation-based tourism village model was developed with KID as the Y variable and the X variable consisting of 33 variables: 15 Innovation General Infrastructure variables, 13 Industrial Cluster variables, and 5 variables of Relationship between Innovation Public Infrastructure and Industrial Clusters. The 33 variables of X together affect KID and can predict KID by 72.4% (R Square adjusted value). The results of partial exponential regression processing with a significance of 5% indicate that: (i) KID will increase by e^.358 = 1.43 on the X1.7 variable (proportion of the number of regional sons who work in their region compared to those from outside the region) due to the percentage change in X1.7 of 35.8%; (ii) KID will increase by e^.368 = 1.44 in the X2.13 variable (number of industries that use the same infrastructure and resources in the creative and tourism industry clusters) due to the percentage change in X2.13 of 36.8%.

Drivers, Enables and conditions for Public Sector Innovation in European Countries

This study identifies the factors that influence innovation in the public sector in different countries. To do this, we identified innovation patterns in European countries and established the factors associated with such patterns. A cluster analysis was performed to group countries in terms of public sector innovation, while mean differences tests were used to identify the aspects that characterize these differences. The data are derived from the European Public Sector Innovation Scoreboard database, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the European Innovation Scoreboard (eis) 2017 Database, and the Global Competitiveness Report (2017-2018) by the World Economic Forum. The results indicate the existence of three groups of countries, where the factors identified are related to (i) the governance of public services, namely government effectiveness and regulatory quality, share of service innovators that innovate in-house, share of process innovators that innovate in-house, and importance of external knowledge; (ii) national culture, in particular uncertainty avoidance and indulgence; and (iii) national innovation capacity. This study provides empirical insights into the need to develop innovation capabilities as an element of successful innovation in public services.

EU framework programmes: positive and negative effects on member states' innovation performance

Research background: Seeking to ensure competitiveness in the global market, the EU is constantly improving its innovation policy. Compared to other EU initiatives, the Framework Programs for Research and Innovation (FPs) act as the main instrument with the longest history and the largest budget to boost member states' innovation performance. Despite the initial presumptions that these financial inflows should bring positive and constructive effects, the results significantly diverge across the countries with highly uneven and incoherent progress. Therefore, complex and reliable tools must be adopted to evaluate the long-term influence of EU investment and the reasons which distort the innovation performance in separate member states.
 Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of EU investment on its member states? innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output.
 Methods: Panel unit root tests were used to assess the time series stationarity. Autoregressive distributed lag models helped in calculating the long-term influence of EU investment on member states? innovation performance. Finally, by employing dummies, it was analysed how this influence varied over time and across different countries.
 Findings & value added: The findings provide evidence that EU investment exerts positive long-term influence on the technological innovative output proxied as total, business and higher education institutions? patent applications, as well as product and process innovations. The effects were also positive on trademarks and marketing, and organisational innovations. However, small but negative influence was found in the case of patent applications by the government sector and the exports of hi-tech products and knowledge-intensive services. These insights may serve in the designing process of the specific instruments and the future innovation policies, which would bring the maximum benefit for the society and economy.

National Innovation Capacity and Economic Progress of Countries

Abstract The ability of the national economy to create and to valorize innovations on the market in order to produce economic goods represents its national innovation capacity, which is at the same time a key determinant of countries’ economic progress. Due to this fact, its relevance imposes the task of identifying, as accurately as possible, the key theoretical postulates on which this concept is based, as well as calculating the Innovation capacity index by which it is possible to predict progress in building innovation capacity of individual countries and mutual comparison with other countries according to innovation capabilities. After a brief explanation of the essence of learning, on which this concept is based, an attempt is made to calculate the Innovation capacity of the European Union and the Western Balkans, on the one hand, and to consider the interdependence of the obtained results and the achieved level of their economic development in 2020, on the other hand. The results of the research confirmed the strong connection between the Innovation capacity index and the achieved level of economic development of countries expressed in terms of gross domestic product per capita.

The Construction of Social Practice Appraisal Mechanism for Graduate Students

As a chief pillar of higher education and technological innovation, universities have been enhancing national innovative capacity and promoting the social and economic development of the nation. Graduate education is an important channel of nurturing high-level talents, of which the cultivation of graduate students' practical ability is at the core. However, there are still some problems existing in the social practice appraisal mechanism for graduate students in most Chinese universities, such as the limited assessment scope, overgeneralized standards, inefficient communication during the social practice process and imperfect incentive mechanism. These deficiencies have made negative impacts on the effectiveness of the assessment of graduate students’ practical ability, the quality of graduate students’ practice, and the enthusiasm of graduate students involving in social practice. In order to promote the present social practice appraisal mechanism for graduate students, this paper attempts to construct a new graduate student appraisal system through the use of OKR (Objectives and Key Results) management approach and a more comprehensive incentive mechanism, in the hope of contributing to the improvement of the whole graduate student social practice evaluation mechanism.

Optimal path selection of innovation resource allocation in China’s regions with shared inputs

As an effective form of interaction between innovation subjects and resources, the regional innovation network’s optimal allocation of resources is the key to improving national innovation capacity. According to the innovation value chain, the process of resource allocation in innovation can be divided into two correlative sub-systems: the knowledge innovation stage (KIS) and the achievements commercialisation stage (ACS). To evaluate regional innovation efficiency, a two-stage network data envelopment analysis model with shared inputs is used, with fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to analyse the improvement path of resource allocation efficiency from the dimensions of regional environment and network structure. The results show that efficiency in the KIS is higher than in the ACS, and the efficiency scores for most regions in China are better under the model with shared inputs. The efficiency of innovative resource allocation is affected by the cross-action of seven factors: regional economic development, infrastructure, policy system, social culture, network scale, network openness, and network centrality. To achieve high-efficiency resource allocation, regions should build an innovation network that matches their environmental characteristics. These findings provide theoretical guidance for formulating innovative resource allocation policies suitable for different regions.

Linking LGBT inclusion and national innovative capacity

This paper investigates the relationship between the social inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people, and technological innovation. It empirically establishes that LGBT inclusion helps foster human capital skills, thus strengthening national innovative capacity. Exploiting cross-country data, this research provides suggestive evidence that social tolerance towards homosexuality is positively correlated with the economic complexity index, a novel measure of cross-country differences in innovative capabilities. Individual-level analyses, based on data from the World Values Survey, reveal that surveyed respondents who self-report tolerance towards homosexual acts tend to have positive attitudes towards technological innovation, ceteris paribus. This lends credence to the international evidence. Further analyses indicate that the link between LGBT inclusion and innovation is partially mediated through the accumulation of human capital. The main findings suggest that the social exclusion of LGBT people, at least to some extent, impedes long-run economic development by hindering innovative activities.

Internet penetration as national innovation capacity: worldwide evidence on the impact of ICTs on innovation development

ABSTRACT Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and innovations have profoundly reshaped global development. Although there are many works that have examined the direct effects of ICTs on national development in fields of economics, society and politics, the important role played by ICTs in national innovation capacity has been less widely explored from an empirical standpoint. This paper investigates the influence of Internet penetration on national innovation development, using cross-national panel data of 156 countries from 1995 to 2014. We find that Internet penetration has a significant but decreasing innovation-promotion effect, and this finding stood the test of various models and variable measures. Further study shows that there is a one-period lagged effect of Internet penetration on innovation, and political regimes moderate the innovation promotion effect of ICTs.

Optimization of STP Innovation Management Mechanisms Driven by Advanced Evolutionary IoT Arithmetic.

Since industrialization, manufacturing has been an important pillar of a country's economic development. Under the dual pressure of the new trend of global manufacturing development and the loss of competitive advantage of manufacturing industry, it is especially important to accelerate the enhancement of national high technology innovation capacity and the optimization of high technology policy innovation management mechanism driven by advanced evolutionary Internet of Things (IoT) arithmetic. The main of this paper thus introduces the effective method of optimization of high technology policy innovation management mechanism driven by advanced evolutionary IoT arithmetic. To study the optimization of high technology policy innovation management mechanism, a conceptual analysis of currently popular information technologies, such as big data technologies, artificial intelligence technologies, and Internet of Things technologies, and an overview of the application of these technologies in microgrids are given. In the paper, all factors are studied using the STP innovation management mechanism-based approach, and finally, all factors are classified into two categories of cause and effect factors by this approach, and the importance of all factors is ranked. Secondly, a wind power prediction algorithm based on data mining technology and an improved algorithm and a PV power prediction algorithm based on a deep neural network were established with the technical support of high-tech information technology such as big data and artificial intelligence. Finally, the majorization of high technology policy innovation management mechanism driven by advanced evolutionary IoT arithmetic is proposed.

National innovative capacity and knowledge creation in advanced economies: an empirical investigation

The main objective of this study is to seek the robust and significant determinants of National Innovative Capacity in technologically advanced economies. In this era of knowledge-based economies having rapidly changing technology, innovation and digitization, it is very important to examine what determines innovation. For this purpose, the role of Information and Communication Technology, Exposure to external technology, R&D expenditure, Human capital, Governance and financial deepening in shaping the national innovative capacity is examined empirically. The aim is to reflect the factors that influence innovation and knowledge creation activities at national level. The study uses a panel of 13 technologically advanced countries with the aim to learn from the best practices. The fixed effect with robust standard errors estimation technique is used for estimation of the model over the period 1996–2015. Moreover, the innovative output index (IQ) is estimated to judge and analyze the national innovative capacity of selected countries. The results suggest that the core variables of estimated model remained significant with expected sings and yielded positive impact on dependent variable. Based on the results, it is suggested that the developing economies should make substantial investments in above mentioned factors in order to go along the path similar to OECD advanced economies.

Determinants of national innovation capacity in developing countries: An empirical survey

Abstract. National innovation capacity is seen as the main source of sustainable growth and prosperity of countries. National innovation capacity, being both an economic and political asset, is defined as the potential of a country to produce innovation. At the same time, measuring the capacity of national innovation provides important information about the dynamics of innovation in the field of economics. Also, it is seen that most of the studies on national innovation capacity have focused on developed countries. In this study, it is aimed to make an empirical analysis of the determinants of national innovation capacity in developing countries in comparison with developed countries. For this purpose, variables considered to be determinants of national innovation capacity are classified under three headings as national technological capability and infrastructure factors, external factors, and institutional factors. In most studies in the literature, national innovation capacity is represented only by the number of patents in the empirical analysis. However, in most of these studies, the disadvantages and deficient aspects of representing national innovation capacity only with the number of patents are mentioned and almost no alternative methods have been suggested. Based on the suggestions and methods in empirical studies, the national innovation capacity index is calculated and represented as a new output variable representing the national innovation capacity in the effort to fill the relevant gap in the literature. In the study, data in the period of 1996-2016 are analyzed by the panel data analysis method for 18 developing countries and 31 developed countries. The effects of national technological capabilities and infrastructure factors of national innovation capacity in developing countries are seen to be weak. At the same time, it is seen that external factors have a positive effect on national innovation capacity in these countries and this indicates the dependence on foreign technologies in the development of technological capabilities. Keywords. National Innovation Capacity, National Technological Capability, Developing Countries, Panel Data Analysis. JEL. O32, O33, C23.