National Information Technology Research Articles

MACROECONOMIC DIMENSION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MARKET DEVELOPMENT

Information technologies play a crucial role in the modern economic system, acting as a driver for the development of the state. Information technologies are not only one of the most important factors stimulating economic growth but also contribute to the development of society, employment stimulation, and competition enhancement. The information technology market generates a significant portion of the GDP and export revenues. The analysis of the formation and development of the domestic information technology market is a key factor in understanding its importance in shaping the prospects of Ukraine as a digital state. The study analyses the dynamics of the development of the national information technology market, providing a comparative analysis of indicators between the Ukrainian market and several other countries.The article aims to analyse the macroeconomic impact of the information technology market on the development of the national economy, investigating correlation relationships between the rates of economic growth and various indicators both in Ukraine and in EU countries.The article explores the directions of the influence of the national information technology market on the dynamics of economic growth. Based on the conducted analysis, conclusions are drawn about the existence of a direct correlation between the growth of information technology export and GDP growth both in Ukraine and in European Union countries. The correlation between the increase in GDP and the growth of other important indicators in the information technology market, including the number of specialists and investments in scientific research, is analysed. Statistical methods reveal a relatively strong connection between the growth rates of investments in scientific research in the field of information technology and the GDP growth rate. At the same time, the correlation between the growth of the workforce in the information technology market and GDP is somewhat weaker.

National and sectoral information technology planning: a systematic literature review

PurposeThe public sector (PS) has extensively utilized information technology (IT); however, research reveals that the failure rate remains high, particularly for national and sectoral IT (NaSIT) applications. To this end, numerous studies have been conducted to gauge the success of IT applications, where a significant number have demonstrated the importance of planning in this regard. Consequently, the current study aims to investigate the factors that influence the success of NaSIT planning and implementation within this sector.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative methodology and a systematic literature review encompassing papers indexed in seven databases until November 2022 were utilized.FindingsThe review of 92 selected papers revealed that the success of NaSIT planning and implementation is influenced by a number of factors divided into nine main categories. These include vision, goals and objectives; alignment; interoperability; infrastructure; involvement; equity and digital divide; privacy, security and trust; administration; and culture. Human, social, economic and organizational factors comprise the vast majority of these factors. By addressing these factors, the failure rate of IT plans can be reduced. Governments will be able to effectively employ this technology to accomplish their missions if these factors are considered in order to decrease the failure rate of IT plans.Originality/valueBy examining the factors that influence the success of NaSIT planning and implementation in the PS, this study attempts to provide a comprehensive view of various types of research. Furthermore, policymakers can employ this perspective to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the PS.

The role of national information technology investments in inventory efficiency and financial performance: evidence from manufacturing industry in Germany

ABSTRACT This study investigates the role of national information technology (IT) investments in inventory efficiency and financial performance. A total of 153 publicly listed manufacturing firms in Germany are examined for the years 2010 through 2019. The findings show that national IT investments do not considerably impact firm-level financial performance and inventory efficiency. Firm-level inventory efficiency exerts a considerable impact on profitability. Furthermore, market concentration and firms’ financial leverage are driving forces behind financial performance of firms. Also, market concentration moderates the proposed relationships on firms’ profit margins.

A Framework to Enhance Information Security Governance in SMEs

In the modern organizational landscape, information technology plays a pivotal role in shaping business processes. The increasing reliance on IT necessitates a focus on the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of both enterprise and customer data, making information security a paramount concern. This study delves into the challenges faced by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Fort Portal Central Division during their information security governance efforts, highlighting issues such as limited resources, budget constraints, time limitations, and a lack of expertise in drafting and ensuring compliance with security policies. To address these challenges, a comprehensive framework for improving Information Security Governance in SMEs was developed and evaluated. Primary data were collected from 351 respondents, including Proprietors, Directors, CEOs, Managers, and operations personnel, shedding light on the specific hurdles faced by SMEs. The proposed framework underwent rigorous evaluation based on design science parameters, demonstrating efficiency and usability. The results of the evaluation revealed that the developed framework effectively addressed the identified challenges, fulfilling the study's objective. The study recommends SMEs in Fort Portal City to implement the framework to enhance their Information Security Governance efforts. Additionally, policy makers in Uganda, including the National Information Technology Authority Uganda (NITA-U) and Uganda Investments Authority (UIA), can leverage the designed framework to make informed decisions regarding SMEs and information security management and governance. This research contributes valuable insights to the broader discourse on information security governance in SMEs, particularly within the context of Fort Portal City.

Assessing the nexus of gross national expenditure, energy consumption, and information & communications technology toward the sustainable environment: Evidence from advanced economies

AbstractThe quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rises yearly because human activities emit more of it than the earth's natural processes can absorb. The overall carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise due to development demands. In a panel setting, this paper investigates the link dynamics between gross national spending, energy consumption, information and communications technology, and CO2 emissions in advanced nations from 2000 to 2020. We employ quantitative sequential approaches, such as DOLS, unit root test, and cointegration techniques, to ensure the coherence and feasibility of the study. Both versions of the estimators show statistically significant effects of gross national expenditure, energy consumption, and Information & Communications Technology on CO2 emissions. The findings of this paper show that there is a long‐run relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study also shows that rising exports of ICT services, energy consumption, and population need environmental protection and highlight the necessity for environmental regulations that can minimize emissions throughout the country's expansion. Even in advanced nations, climate vulnerability is not automatically reduced by development status but is instead reduced by the right sort of growth.

Implementation of National Information and Communication Technology Curriculum in Grade Nine: A Case of Trashigang Dzongkhag

This study aims to study the impact of the information and communication technologies (ICT) on students' learning. A quantitative method was used with cross sectional research design. A questionnaire was designed to comprehend the questions related to the objectives and a sample of 10 teachers, 10 principals and 109 class IX students was enrolled from various middle, higher and central schools under Trashigang dzongkhag, Bhutan. Data was presented in tabulated form and the Pearson correlation test was applied to determine the relationship among the dependent and independent variables. The findings revealed that students have access to various kinds of ICT applications and resources, have an adequate number of ICT equipment available for their use, and are familiar with ICT applications.
 Additionally, a strong positive linear correlation exists between availability of human, ICT resources, user-ability of using ICT resources and the student's educational learning. It is recommended for students to learn ICT related skills and to make the best use of the different communication technologies in their pedagogical activities. Additionally, stakeholders should focus on developing ICT-based infrastructure and ICT skilled human resources to bring beneficial results in the learning process of students’ educational endeavors.

College English Teaching Reform and Innovation in the Context of Informatization

As early as 2012, China put forward relevant requirements for the integration of national education industry and information technology, and to some extent, planned the development goals of China's education informatization in the next decade. It can be seen that information technology plays an important guiding and fundamental role in the reform of the education system. At the college level, English, as one of the public learning subjects, should not only pay attention to students' basic English knowledge, but also cultivate students' awareness of cross-cultural communication. Schools should also pay attention to the timeliness and comprehensiveness of English courses, reform teaching concepts, teaching methods and teaching models, and effectively use information technology to build efficient English classrooms for students. This paper elaborates on the specific path of college English teaching reform and innovation under the information background.

Determining UK government scope 2 and 3 computer greenhouse gas emissions

The objective of this research is to determine the potential of scope 3 supply chain emissions generated by end user computers within the United Kingdom government and to test current scope 2 calculation methods to improve annual reporting procedures. The supply chain analysis is accomplished by using existing asset profile data to determine the number of devices owned by computer type combined with manufacturer scope 3 product emissions data averages by type. In this example, 2.2 million computing devices are examined and found to produce emissions in excess of 623.45m kgCO2e. By suggesting devices are retained beyond the current 5-year periods, it is determined to be feasible that this value could be reduced by 37.5%. Additionally, by selecting devices with the lowest carbon footprint in the future when computers require replacement an estimated total reduction of 65% is achievable. The scope 2 emissions calculation compares the current methodology used to generate kWh/y values and concomitant greenhouse gas emissions to results generated by field measurement using the commercial typical energy consumption methodology. The results substantiate that the government is currently over reporting scope 2 emissions values by as much as 697% due to owned but not used devices being included in the calculation and fixed electricity consumption data used by the current methodology being too high when compared to actual use. As such, the findings are presented to the government and included as recommendations in the latest national sustainable information and communications technology strategy document.

Prevalence and Effects of Body-Shaming on Social Media among Undergraduates of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka

One of the most widespread forms of humiliation used by people globally is body-shaming. It has frequently led to suicide because of its negative impacts on the people and their mental health. This paper examined the prevalence and effects of body-shaming among undergraduates of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. The objectives of this study are to find out the causes, the effects and the prevalence level of body-shaming among undergraduates of Nnamdi Azikiwe University. The study was anchored on cultivation analysis theory; while survey method was used with the adoption of a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. A sample of 300 respondents were drawn from the population of the study, which comprises undergraduate students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Findings from the study showed that the majority of the respondents have been exposed to body-shaming at different times for either their facial looks or complexion and that females experience body-shaming more than the males. Lastly, that Social media has played a critical role in incessant form of body-shaming. The study recommended, that Students should be taken to workshops and awareness program where they should be guided about self- esteem, self- recognition and self- confidence. Public awareness program on the negative effect of body-shaming should also be promoted by the government and that National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) should censor contents that may likely lead to body-shaming especially on social media.

E-Government Implementation to Support Digital Village in Indonesia: Evidence from Cianjur Village, Bogor Regency

The implementation of e-government is considered as one of the bureaucratic reforms in terms of improving local public services, in Indonesia itself we can trace starting from Presidential Instruction Number 6 of 2001 concerning Telecommunications, Media, and Informatics, until later Presidential Decree Number 20 of 2006 established the National Information and Communication Technology Council with the aim of accelerating the implementation of e-government. Although referring to the 2020 E-Government Development Index (EGDI) assessment survey issued by the United Nations every 2 years, it shows that Indonesia's position is ranked 88th, up from 107th in 2018, the digital divide and inequality of internet access in various regions are inevitable. Taking a case study of Cijantur Village, Rumpin District, Bogor Regency, in order to support digital village program, this study tries to see the extent of the effectiveness of the implementation of website-based E-Service by the local community. Using a qualitative approach with observation data and literature studies collecting data method, this study concluded that the failure of the implementation of website-based e-government in Cijantur village is influenced by many factors including, residents' knowledge about the use of websites, the orientation of e-government development has not targeted the aspect of utilizing digital economy, and the level of community needs, whereas villages that still lack access to digital tools. This research suggests that there must be attention by relevant officials, so that Cijantur village is no longer an isolated village and streghtening construction and infrastructure of Cijantur village and provide a strong internet network to support the progress of the community in the field of technology.

Mapping national information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to the requirements of potential digital health interventions in low- and middle-income countries

Digital health can support health care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by overcoming problems of distance, poor infrastructure and the need to provide community practitioners with specialist support. We used five RESPIRE countries as exemplars (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan) to identify the digital health solutions that are valuable in their local setting, worked together with local clinicians and researchers to explore digital health policy, electricity/ICT infrastructure, and socio-cultural factors influencing users' ability to access, adopt and utilise digital health. We adopted the Joanna Briggs Institute's scoping review protocol and followed the Cochrane Rapid Review method to accelerate the review process, using the Implementation and Operation of Mobile Health projects framework and The Extended Technology Acceptance Model of Mobile Telephony to categorise the results. We conducted the review in four stages: (1) establishing value, (2) identifying digital health policy, (3) searching for evidence of infrastructure, design, and end-user adoption, (4) local input to interpret relevance and adoption factors. We used open-source national/international statistics such as the World Health Organization, International Telecommunication Union, Groupe Speciale Mobile, and local news/articles/government statistics to scope the current status, and systematically searched five databases for locally relevant exemplars. We found 118 studies (2015-2021) and 114 supplementary online news articles and national statistics. Digital health policy was available in all countries, but scarce skilled labour, lack of legislation/interoperability support, and interrupted electricity and internet services were limitations. Older patients, women and those living in rural areas were least likely to have access to ICT infrastructure. Renewable energy has potential in enabling digital health care. Low usage mobile data and voice service packages are relatively affordable options for mHealth in the five countries. Effective implementation of digital health technologies requires a supportive policy, stable electricity infrastructures, affordable mobile internet service, and good understanding of the socio-economic context in order to tailor the intervention such that it functional, accessible, feasible, user-friendly and trusted by the target users. We suggest a checklist of contextual factors that developers of digital health initiatives in LMICs should consider at an early stage in the development process.

Harnessing the potential of online marketplaces in the Philippines: Insights from the National Information and Communications Technology Household Survey

AbstractUsing the Philippinesʼ first nationally representative survey designed to characterise digital commercial and non‐commercial engagements, including the use of information and communications technology (ICT), the digital economy, and technology‐enabled activities, we investigate the presence of gendered disparities in online marketplaces. This is consistent with the spirit of a gender and development approach that aims for equitable outcomes between men and women. We verify whether the observed participation of women in online marketplaces results in higher online sales. To establish the determinants of participation in and incomes from online marketplaces, we use a Heckman estimator in cognisance of the non‐random choices people make when they enter online marketplaces. The negative selection indicates that those likely to sell have unobserved attributes negatively correlated with online income. Based on our modelʼs income predictions, men outperform women in online sales and hold the advantage, replicating a trend observed in traditional marketplaces. Results also highlight the importance of skills, digital awareness and habits, selling platforms, and ICT infrastructure. The paper also identifies potential initiatives for online marketplaces.

Analysis of Website Usability of Provincial Governments in Indonesia with The Heuristic Evaluation Method

The Indonesian government initiated the implementation of E-government as a public service in 2003 with Presidential Instruction No.3 of 2003 issuance of National Policy and Strategy for E-Government Development. This rule was strengthened in 2007 by Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information Technology No.41/PER/M.KOMINFO/2007 concerning General Guidelines for National Information and Communication Technology Governance. However, many provincial government sites still have not implemented a usability test. This problem is reinforced by the website interface not meeting the standards set by the government. So, usability testing is needed to find the problems found on the provincial government website. The method used in this usability test is the heuristic evaluation method. The evaluation was carried out by involving three evaluators to evaluate 28 provincial government sites. The evaluator detects problems based on ten heuristic principles proposed by Jakob Nielsen and is assessed with a severity rating. analysis results show the province of Aceh and the Special Region of Yogyakarta website is ranked first with the lowest severity rating value with a value of 0.43. In contrast, North Kalimantan is ranked last with the highest severity rating value with a value of 1.08. Around 71.4% of provincial government websites have no problems with user control & freedom, and consistency & standards. Then half of the provincial government's websites have problems with recognition rather than recall. Last, more than 50% of websites have problems with other heuristic principles.

Application of IoT-Oriented Online Education Platform in English Teaching

The integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and education has accelerated due to the rapid growth of national information technology. Thanks to advancements in the internet of things technology, students can learn in a new way using mobile devices and online education platforms. Despite the fact that the internet of things is a science and technology, it can be used in education and teaching. This is especially true in English classes, where the internet of things can help pupils break free from the restrictions of traditional teaching. When teachers and students can instantly access information using internet of things technology, the English teaching process becomes more efficient. Learners can use mobile terminals for online learning and self-control learning steps, arrange learning time, and strengthen learning content based on their own shortcomings. The main contents of this work are as follows: (1) This study designs an internet of things-oriented online education platform for English language teaching, in order to provide a good learning environment and improve their comprehensive English strength. (2) This study offers a new BP network to assess the impact of an IoT-oriented online education platform on English language instruction. In order to improve the ability to search for the optimal solution, the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm was first modified; then, the reverse learning (RL) mechanism was added to the grey wolf algorithm to develop the RLGWO algorithm. Using RLGWO to optimize BP and construct RLGWO-BP, the model is used to evaluate the improvement effect of the internet of things-oriented online education platform on English language teaching. The systematic experiment verifies the validity and reliability of this work.

Examining the Powers of the NITDA to Enforce Data Protection Laws in Nigeria

In Nigeria, the right to privacy is protected under Section 37 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria by providing that: ‘[t]he privacy of citizens, their homes, correspondence, telephone conversations and telegraphic communications is hereby guaranteed and protected. A host of other general and sector-specific legislation serves to safeguard (informational) privacy. A number of these legislations, including especially the 2019 Nigeria Data Protection Regulation (NDPR)—currently the most comprehensive of all existing informational privacy/data protection laws – is made and enforced by the country’s foremost information technology agency, i.e., the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA). However, there have arisen controversies regarding the powers of the NITDA to make or enforce data protection laws in Nigeria. To frame the question more clearly, it has been asked whether the NITDA has the power to enforce data protection requirements and penalties stipulated in the 2007 NITDA Act and the NDPR. This article (1) examines the role of the NITDA in data protection; (2) considers the validity of the NITDA Act, the NDPR (and other subsidiary legislation); and (3) contemplates the power of the NITDA to issue sanctions in case of non-compliance by affected entities. This article questions certain fundamental assumptions around the formulation, interpretation, and application of Nigeria’s data protection laws. Our contribution effectively lays to rest controversies surrounding NITDA’s powers of enforcement – a conclusion, which, in our opinion, remains valid until a contradictory legal judicial position, is declared. Nigeria, Nigeria Data Protection Regulation, NDPR, National Information Technology Development Agency, NITDA, Data Protection, Privacy

Data Protection Compliance Organizations (DPCO) Under the NDPR, and Monitoring Bodies Under the GDPR: Two Sides of the Same Compliance Coin?

The European Union (EU) Data Protection Directive (DPD) was repealed for its failure to achieve the anticipated level of regulatory compliance thereby paving the way for General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which came with a number of novelties including the introduction of monitoring bodies (MBs) as another layer of compliance enforcement with provisions of the GDPR through sector-specific codes of conduct (CoC). While the DPD also had a provision on CoC, it was bereft of its enforcement mechanism, success indicators and workability, hence the introduction of MBs as an additional player in the GDPR-enforcement ecosystem to ensure compliance with the CoC on the one hand and sanction violations on the other. Conversely, on the other side of the Mediterranean Sea, Nigeria issued its own version of the GDPR as ‘Nigeria Data Protection Regulation’ (NDPR) and introduced its own peculiar MB styled ‘Data Protection Compliance Organization’ (DPCO) to, interestingly, on behalf of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) ensure and monitor compliance with the NDPR and at the same time forge a fiduciary relationship with the controllers as their paid auditors. This article places the European concept of MBs and Nigerian novelty of DPCOs side by side while examining the relationship between the two similar yet asymmetric concepts. The article analyses the varying issues surrounding the nature, appointment or creation, powers, and functionalities of MBs and DPCOs under the European and Nigerian regulations. Nigeria, Nigeria Data Protection Regulation, NDPR, National Information Technology Development Agency, NITDA, Data Protection Compliance Organization, DPCO

ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LEVELS OF CLEANING PRODUCT MANUFACTURING FACTORY WORKERS TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS.

Determination of the levels of the electromagnetic field of frequency between 0Hz and 300GHz bands in the working area and the evaluation of the results measured in terms of international standards is now essential according to the regulation of working safety and health. In this study, electromagnetic field measurements were performed in a cleaning product manufacturing factory with 400 workers. Electric and magnetic field measurements were performed at 10 different departments of the factory with extremely low-frequency and broadband (radiofrequency) frequencies. Obtained values are shown and analysed with graphs and compared by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and National Information Technology and Communication Authority (Turkey) limits. Also, an assessment is made for the occupational electromagnetic field levels in the factory and recommendations are suggested for the lowest risk occurrence and providing a healthier working environment for workers.

Surgical Residency Programs Should Leverage Recent Advances in National Policy, Real-World Data, and Public Opinion to Improve Post-Surgery Opioid Prescribing.

Surgical Residency Programs Should Leverage Recent Advances in National Policy, Real-World Data, and Public Opinion to Improve Post-Surgery Opioid Prescribing.

Internal and External Factors to Adopt a Cyber Security Strategy in Iraqi Organisations

Cyber security has become one of the main focus areas in developing and maintaining a country’s information technology (IT) infrastructure. In a country like Iraq, there is an urgent necessity to strengthen its overall cybersecurity framework and reorganise the whole industrial and security infrastructure with the help of advanced technology coupled with integrated cyber security policy. The main aim of this paper is to devise a cyber security strategic framework for Iraqi organisations. This framework will be organised on the basis of the internal and external factors that must be considered at both the deployment and the policy levels of infrastructure development and management. An integrative or critical literature review has been embarked on for generation of themes on the bases of which the proposed cyber security framework would be modelled. This literature review is designed such that it would not only help in diagnosing gaps in knowledge but also assist to overcome the barriers in research and development. The literature reviews along with the case studies of Oman, Singapore, Malaysia, and the UK can be used to understand that a decentralised cyber security framework for national or private organisations across a country is yet not possible. However, every country must have a national level framework for a cyber security enforcement that is capable of handling both the internal and external threats. A set of recommendations were taken in this study began with Identify and technically segregate the external and internal stakeholders, formulate and implement even-handed cyber rules and regulations, devise training and awareness programmes on cyber security across the Iraqi organisations to create a fleet of capable CERT groups, innovate a cyber security framework that would encompass both the internal and external factors to be taken in account and ended with future research must be focussed on ways to assimilate cyber security specific policies within the national IT and ITeS policy framework.

Analysis of Role of Cloud Computing in Providing Internet Banking Services: Case Study Bank Melli Iran

In this paper, the cloud-computing model proposed by Davis has been used to explain the main parameters of cloud computing by the use of information systems. This paper investigates influential factors in decision to use cloud computing among employees of the national bank information technology organization based on the cloud-computing model. To analyze and investigate the use of cloud computing in national bank services, the designed questionnaire was distributed among 230 experts and acquainted with the information technology industry in the national bank information technology organization; which resulted in the questionnaire’s Cronbach's alpha 0.84. After conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with regard to analytical coefficients, utility factors were proved to have the most critical influence on the decision of using cloud computing in the electronic banking system. The findings of this research can be considered as guidelines used by national bank managers to employ cloud computing technology.