National Gross Domestic Product Research Articles

The Factors Hindering the Effective Development of SMEs Businesses in Tanzania a Review Study

The development of SMEs worldwide is dependent upon a favourable business situation. However, SMEs in Tanzania confront a number of obstacles that prevent them from growing, including a lack of funding, inadequate market accessibility, a lack of entrepreneurial expertise and skills, bureaucracy, lack of business training, lack of good infrastructure, a lack of collateral, low production, unfavourable regulations, corruption, the motivation of the business owners, limited access to information, inadequate raw materials and other related factors. The significance of the study is to review on the issues preventing Tanzanian SMEs from developing. The SMEs, businesses have been demanded as the backbone for the growth of economic in almost all the developing countries including Tanzania. In Tanzania it has contributed almost 30% of the national GDP, and almost 20-30% of the total labour force, thus 3-4 million people employed. Therefore the paper has addressed some factors internal, external and other related factors as reviewed that act as the setbacks towards the SMEs development. The study has focused on literature review of different articles, research and case studies done. Mwanza region was chosen as one of the case study because of great opportunity to SMEs in the region, which if could be well utilized could add high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. The SMEs involved are such as; retail shops, bars, restaurants, hotels, playing stations, decoction centres, stationeries, etc Tanzania To achieve the intended objective, the researcher developed research question that was aimed at assessing the factors affecting performance and development of SMEs, contributions and solutions to SMEs. Data were collected from literature review of paper and cited by the author concerning Tanzania. The finding showed that most of the SMEs fails to develop due to; failure to access financial support, lack of business skills, poor technology used due to lack of awareness, lack of enough government support, high taxes imposed , failure to comply with government regulations, sudden change in climatic conditions and government rules. The study concluded by suggesting and further recommended on the better strategies that SMEs could implement with the government support like; government should always work and collaborate with SMEs in all areas by implementing favourable business policies, financial institutions should impose affordable and easy regulation to access loan that supports the SMES operations. Also the SMEs owners and employees should be given enough skills to help them perform better and copy with the daily change in technology advancement to assure effective and efficiency performance of the SMEs for their future sustainability in Tanzania.

Successive national agricultural policies/programmes, growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and expansion of agribusinesses in Nigeria.

In Sub Saharan Africa, agriculture's contribution to employment and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is estimated to be higher than other sectors. Policies designed and implemented for the agricultural sector could be an influencing factor to the variations in the contributions of agriculture to the annual national GDP. These policies are believed to have shaped and (some) still shaping the landscape of agriculture and national economy. The study analysed agriculture's GDP contribution during the implementation of various national agricultural policies, and the potential of the policies to foster agrobusiness development in Nigeria between 2000 and 2021. The study adopted mixed-method approach. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered on 29 purposively sampled state Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) directors across Nigeria. The questionnaire was face-validated by three experts. Reliability test was carryout using Cronbach Alpha approach, which yielded an index of 0.89. Copies of the questionnaire were administered on the respondents through direct contact. Secondary data were collected from the Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Bureau of Statistics, and World Bank. Data was analysed with mean, standard deviation, percentages and ANOVA. Findings of the study revealed that the performance of implemented agricultural policies had influence on agricultural sector's percentage contribution to national GDP, and changes in agriculture's GDP contribution had significant impact on national GDP growth. The duration of active life of the policies did not influence their performance, like the Root and Tuber Expansion Programme which lasted longer yet performed less than the National Special Programme on Food Security in terms of improvement in agriculture's GDP contributions. All the policies implemented had several limitations in their ability to foster agribusinesses in Nigeria. The study recommends that future policies should focus on providing sustainable frameworks for developing the business in agriculture through value chain optimisation and the use of the teeming, young, and affordable labour force like China and India did to become global food producers.

Improving early infant diagnosis for HIV-exposed infants using unmanned aerial vehicles for blood sample transportation in Conakry, Guinea: a comparative cost-effectiveness analysis

BackgroundEarly infant diagnosis (EID) for HIV-exposed infants is essential due to high mortality during the first months of their lives. In Conakry (Guinea), timely EID is difficult as traffic congestion...

Complementing carbon tax with renewable energy investment to decarbonize the energy system in China

Building a low-carbon energy system is particularly essential to address global climate change and regional air pollution. Focusing on China, this study integrated a power system decision model into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to comprehensively explore the low-carbon transition, environmental benefits, and economic costs of a combined carbon tax (CTax) and renewable energy investment (REI) policy. This study finds that a dynamic CTax (with a carbon price of 290 and 590 RMB/ton CO2 in 2035 and 2050, respectively) can reduce the share of coal-fired power from 65 % in 2017 to 22 % in 2050. This will reduce coal consumption by 0.8 billion tons of standard coal equivalent (tce), thus resulting in a coal share decline in the energy system from 60 % in 2017 to 29 % in 2050. Regarding environmental benefits, CTax can mitigate CO2 and air pollutant emissions by 3.9 and 0.9 Gt, respectively, in 2050. Complementing CTax with REI can further reduce coal consumption by 0.2 billion tce and lower the coal-fired power share to 12 %. Regionally, emission reductions in East China can be enhanced owing to REI, which can mitigate the inequity in emission reductions resulting from the CTax. However, this study finds that employing CTax alone may negatively affect the economy. In particular, across the Jin-Meng and Shan-Gan-Ning regions, the gross domestic product (GDP) will decrease by 3.35 % and 2.73 %, respectively. However, complementing CTax with REI can dampen these negative impacts, reducing the national GDP loss from −0.94 % to −0.68 %.

Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the Economy‐Wide Impacts From a Changing Wildfire Climate on a Regional Rural Landscape

AbstractA warmer and drier future combined with rising population trends will result in increased wildfire risk. The design of robust mitigation/adaptation strategies requires the assessment of the economy‐wide risks from potentially more frequent large wildfire events under different futures. This study uses a novel interdisciplinary approach by integrating wildfire climate and land‐use forecasts into probabilistic and simulation models of wildfires to estimate direct impacts using damage curves and indirect impacts as lost Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using a computable general equilibrium model. Based on the financial concept of Value at Risk, a probabilistic measure of extreme economy‐wide impacts was developed using GDP as the representative metric, namely “GDP at Risk (G@R),” under various climatic and socio‐economic scenarios. Using the new metric in the Waikato, New Zealand as a case study, due its primary industries' national relevance, it was identified that there is a 5% probability that the region will experience GDP losses greater or equal to NZ$0.1–1.2 billion (similar to the regional GDP growth in 2021) over a 48‐year period from future potential large wildfires affecting vulnerable primary industries. The regional impacts result in larger national GDP losses by a factor of 5 due to the high dependence of downstream sectors on the regional primary industries. While “G@R” estimates are similar across socio‐economic scenarios, there are no discernible patterns when compared across midcentury climate scenarios. The approach developed could be used to assess the consequences from afforestation projects, driven by mitigation policies, and adaptation strategies to reduce wildfire risk.

The cost of premature death from cancer attributable to alcohol: Productivity losses in Europe in 2018

BackgroundMore than 1.9 million people die from cancer each year in Europe. Alcohol use is a major modifiable risk factor for cancer and poses an economic burden on society. We estimated the cost of productivity lost due to premature death (under 65 years of age) from alcohol-attributable cancer in the European Union (EU) plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2018. MethodsWe estimated cancer deaths attributable to alcohol using a Levin-based population attributable fractions method and cancer deaths in 2018 from the Global Cancer Observatory. Lost productivity was estimated for all alcohol-attributable cancer deaths by sex, cancer site, and country. Productivity losses were valued using the human capital approach. ResultsAn estimated 23,300 cancer deaths among people aged less than 65 in the EU plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the UK in 2018 were attributable to alcohol (18,200 males, 5100 females). This equated to €4.58 billion in total productivity losses in the region and 0.027 % of the European Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The average cost per alcohol-attributable cancer death was €196,000. Productivity lost to alcohol-attributable cancer per capita was highest in Western Europe. Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Portugal had the highest rate of premature mortality from alcohol-attributable cancer and the highest productivity lost as a share of national GDP. ConclusionOur study provides estimates of lost productivity from alcohol-attributable cancer death in Europe. Cost-effective strategies to prevent alcohol-attributable cancer deaths could result in economic benefits for society and must be prioritised.

Correlation Analysis of the Global Trend between Nation GDP and Cancer Prevalence Rate

Through the development of modern society, the prevalence of cancer gradually increased. Many researchers have done a lot of relevant research and experiments from the public health perspective. For example, liver cancer is found to be modifiable through changes in lifestyle. This paper discusses the relationship between cancer prevalence and macro factor, which is the national gross domestic product (GDP). More specifically, this paper discusses the relationship between cancer prevalence and national GDP. This paper applies polynomial regression to study the polynomial between the cancer rate of one country and its cancer rate. Through the collection of public cancer prevalence data and national GDP data, this work found that the cancer prevalence rate has a positive correlation with the national GDP. It is speculated that the reason for this result is that with the increase in national GDP and the development of medical technology, people are less likely to die from less dangerous diseases than before.

Movement of the Economy of Bangladesh with its Sector-Wise Contribution and Growth Rate

Bangladesh is an overpopulated south Asian developing country. Agriculture, industry, and service are the 3 sectors of its economy, and these sectors are divided into 20 sub-sectors. The objective of this study is to show the movement of its economy along with its sector-wise contribution and growth rate. The study is conducted based on secondary data collected from the website of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. On average, yearly, the contribution of the agricultural sector is 12.46%, the industrial sector is 32.80%, and the service sector is 50.63% in its national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but the contribution of the industrial sector is increasing, while the contribution of agricultural and service sectors is decreasing. On the other hand, on average yearly, the growth rate of the agricultural sector is 3.32%, the industrial sector is 8.80%, and the service sector is 5.89%, while the national GDP growth rate is 6.44%. Among 20 sub-sectors, the manufacturing sub-sector showed the highest contribution, 22.47%, and growth rate, 11.59%, in 2021. The study claims the economy of Bangladesh is moving toward the industrial sector. The economy of Bangladesh has successfully recovered from the COVID-19 negative shock, but the economy is suffering from another negative shock, the Russia-Ukraine war. Further study is required to measure the Russia-Ukraine war's effect on Bangladesh's economy.

Temporal Disaggregation of Gross Domestic Product Data with Night-Time Lights Data for South Africa

The absence of high-frequency time series data is a real constraint for many researchers worldwide. Generating high-frequency economic data, especially at the sub-national level, generates significant advantages and opportunities. Research otherwise impossible now becomes possible and indeed desirable. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the usefulness of several temporal disaggregation methods and the reliability of the derived results. Temporal disaggregation is one such method that can be used to generate high-frequency time series data from low-frequency time series data. The methods employed will specifically refer to methods that use related series as the high-frequency time series data related to the South African economy. To this effect, monthly night-time lights sensed by satellite were assessed. The results derived through the study seem to generate robust estimates suggesting that it is indeed possible to use night-time lights as a related indicator and the various temporal disaggregation methods contained within the Ecotrim computer software program and ‘tempdisagg’ R package to disaggregate annual national and provincial gross domestic product (GDP). The derived quarterly and monthly national and provincial GDP time series/data will subsequently assist in addressing the constraints researchers face, especially at a sub-national level. From a policy perspective, policymakers should note that remote sensing technologies offer unique opportunities to conduct sub-national economic policy and research.

Tourism Development Towards International Competitive Tourism in Promoting The Economy of East Java

The tourism sector is one of the economic sectors that has a characteristic and contributes to the GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) in East Java. East Java has a large tourism potential with a pattern of tourism development that can contribute to increasing East Java's economic growth. The role of the tourism sector in East Java can improve the national economy and contribute to the national GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the development of the tourism sector in East Java during 2016 to 2020 using the LQ (Location Quotient) method so as to produce the tourism sector in the basic or non-basic sector category. The data used is secondary data and this research is a quantitative research. The results of the calculation of LQ (Location Quotient) can help develop and build the tourism sector that is in the basic or non-basic category. Keywords: LQ, GDP, Tourism Sector, Development Economic, East Java

Cancer research activity in the Arab world: a 15-year bibliometric analysis

BackgroundThe Arab region comprises 22 countries located in the Middle East and North Africa, sharing cultural and linguistic ties. Arab countries have continued to lag in terms of biomedical research compared to other nations for several past decades. Cancer is a major public health concern, being the second leading cause of death globally. Given that high research activity on cancer reflects positively on screening programs, awareness, and clinical practice, this article aimed to examine the activity and trend of cancer research in the Arab world between 2005 and 2019.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2019, the number of cancer-related articles published by each Arab country, and regarding 27 different types, was assessed using the PubMed database. Numbers were normalized with respect to each country’s average population and average Gross Domestic Product (GDP).ResultsArab countries contributed to 1.52% of total cancer publications. The number of cancer publications has steadily grown since 2005, with the last 7 years alone witnessing 75.69% of the total Arab cancer-related publications. In terms of publications per million persons, Qatar ranked first (393.74 per million persons), while in terms of publications per national GDP, Egypt ranked first (464.27 per billion US dollars). Breast, liver, and colorectal cancers had the highest numbers of all Arab cancer-related publications, while testicular, vulvar, and gallbladder cancers had the least.ConclusionsThis paper pools information and insight for scientists, clinicians, funders, and decision-makers on the actualities and developments of cancer research in the Arab world. Addressing the barriers facing cancer research remains a cornerstone in the plan to improve the Arab world’s output and contribution to the field of oncology.

Forecast and Analysis of National GDP in China Based on ARIMA Model

Gross domestic product (GDP) is an important indicator to measure the economic situation and development level of a country or region, which is of great significance in promoting steady economic development. Therefore, this paper selects the national GDP data from 1978 to 2019, uses Eviews 9.0 software to build a model for the selected time series, and finally determines ARIMA (1, 1, 1) as the optimal model, and forecasts and analyzes the national GDP in 2020 and 2021. The prediction results show that the gap between the predicted GDP in 2020 and 2021 and the actual value is small. Therefore, ARIMA model can better reflect the development trend and short-term forecast of national GDP.

Exports Widen the Regional Inequality of Health Burdens and Economic Benefits in India

Both the ever-complex international and subnational supply chains could relocate health burdens and economic benefits across India, leading to the widening of regional inequality. Here, we simultaneously track the unequal distribution of fine particle matter (PM2.5) pollution, health costs, and value-added embodied in inter- and intranational exports for Indian states in 2015 by integrating a nested multiregional input-output (MRIO) table constructed based on EXIOBASE and an Indian regional MRIO table, Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, and a concentration-response function. The results showed that the annual premature deaths associated with PM2.5 pollution embodied in inter- and intranational exports were 757,356 and 388,003 throughout India, accounting for 39% and 20% of the total premature deaths caused by PM2.5 pollution, respectively. Richer south and west coastal states received around half of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) induced by exports with a quarter of the health burden, while poorer central and east states bear approximately 60% of the health burden with less than a quarter of national GDP. Our findings highlight the role of exports in driving the regional inequality of health burdens and economic benefits. Therefore, tailored strategies (e.g., air pollution compensation, advanced technology transfer, and export structure optimization) could be formulated.

Creative Economic Development Strategies and Contributions to the Economic Development of Kediri City 2016-2019

This research was based on the background that in 2019 the contribution of the creative economy to the national GDP (Gross Domestic Product) was 5.10 percent or Rp. 95 trillion, employment was 19.01 million individual and export value was 22.07 Billion USD. In the City of Kediri, the contribution of MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) includes the creative economy viewed from GDP (Gross Domestic Product) with the tobacco industry growing at 5.14 percent, without the tobacco industry at 7.02 percent. MSMEs also had a positive impact on reducing the number of open unemployed. In 2014, the unemployment rate in City of Kediri by 8 percent and now (2019) to 3.63 percent. The decline in the open unemployment rate also has an impact on reducing the poverty rate to 7.68 percent. The purpose of this study were to describe: 1) What was the contribution of the creative economy in the economic development of the City of Kediri (GDP - Gross Regional Domestic Product, economic growth, employment and poverty reduction)?, 2) What was the strategy for developing creative economy in the economic development of the City of Kediri?. Study showed: 1. Contribution of creative economy to the Gross Regional Domestic Product of Kediri City: a. Crafts or handicrafts (textile and apparel industry), b. Crafts (leather, leather goods, footwear), c. Crafts (furniture industry), d. Culinary (providing food and drink) e. Visual communication design; movies, animations, videos; publishing; music; Radio and Television f. Performing arts (entertainment and recreation and others), g. Kediri City Economic Growth. The value of Kediri's GRDP in 2019 based on 2010 was in constant prices, reached 90.01 trillion rupiah. This increase was up from 85.34 trillion rupiah in 2018. This showed that during 2019 there was economic growth of 5.47 percent, faster than the previous year's economic growth which reached 5.43 percent. h. employment during the last five years 2014-2019 (in 2019 there were 139,645 workers) the types of employment that employed the most labor were trade, restaurant and accommodation services, around 34.57-42.78 percent (meaning that culinary was included in the category of high labor absorption) and industrial jobs were around 11.59-17.78 percent (including the textile industry). i. Poverty. employment results in the amount of poverty in the city of Kediri experienced a decline where in 2016, it was 23,640 people, in 2017, there was a slight increase to 24,070 people and in 2018, it decreased to 21,900 people. In 2019, the number decreased again to 20,540 people. 2. Creative economic development strategies (plans and actions) are carried out by the quadruple helix (government, industry-private, universities and civil society-communities).

Housing Affordability and Economic Growth

The U.S. has a chronic shortage of reasonably-priced housing. Decades of policy and program intervention at federal, state, and local levels has not substantively alleviated this problem. Consequently, alarmingly high proportions of the population spend over 30% of their income on housing costs and are deemed housing cost-burdened. Housing cost-burdened households have a much lower quality of life than those that are not. Thus, the housing affordability problem is a serious social concern. Is this problem also holding back the U.S. economy? I explore whether the lack of reasonably-priced housing adversely impacted per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth in the 100 most populous metro areas of the country. I use publicly available data for three time points (2000, 2010, and 2015) and changes in the proportion of cost-burdened households in metros as the experimental variable. I find that decreases in housing affordability had a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in these metros. Over 80% of the national GDP is generated in U.S. metros, and increasing housing affordability there may help grow the U.S. economy. Therefore, policies to increase housing affordability, long seen as a social imperative, may well be an economic imperative also.

Health risks and economic losses from cold spells in China

BackgroundCold significantly increases the risk of mortality. However, the health risks associated with cold spells, persistent and extreme cold temperature events, have yet to be investigated in detail. MethodsMeteorological and mortality data was collated from 280 counties in China from 2013 through 2019. GLM (Generalized Linear Models) was used to calculate county-level exposure-response relationships for nine different cold spell definitions. Next, we estimated the exposure-response associations between cold spells and mortality in national, Southern, and Northern China. Based on exposure-response relationships, along with the population and mortality data, we then calculated the number of excess deaths due to the cold spell of 2839 counties across China in 2018. Then, we calculated the loss of VSL (value of a statistical life) in each province. ResultsWe identified that P5day7 was the cold spell definition that was associated with the highest health in China. Compared with non-cold spell days, the risk of non-accidental mortality, circulatory mortality, and respiratory mortality, on cold spell days increased by 17.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.8%, 19.0%), 20.8% (95%CI: 18.8%, 23.0%), and 22.7% (95%CI: 19.5%, 25.9%) respectively at lag 7 day in the South. In the North, the risk increased by 13.0% (95% CI: 11.0%, 15.0%), 13.8% (95% CI: 11.4%, 16.2%), and 21.0% (95% CI: 16.6%, 25.6%), respectively. The number of related deaths in China were 57,783, 29,827, and 10,922. The corresponding VSLs were 229,195, 118,322, and 43,315 million CNY (Chinese Yuan), thus accounting for 0.25%, 0.13%, and 0.05% of national GDP (Gross Domestic Product). ConclusionCold spells have caused a severe epidemiological and economic burden in China. South China should pay more attention to the health risks associated with cold spells.

Vaccination associated with gross domestic product and fewer deaths in countries and regions: A verification study.

Background:Vaccination can have a substantial impact on mitigating COVID-19 outbreaks. However, the vaccine rollout rates associated with the gross domestic product (GDP) and few deaths are required for verification. Three hypotheses were made:1.the inflection point (IP) days on the cumulative number of confirmed cases (CNCCs) in 2021 are improved (i.e., shorter than 2021);2.the vaccinations are associated with national GDP and fewer deaths; and3.the association is weak between vaccinations and CNCC IP based on the argument that vaccinations are limited to protection against milder infection.Methods:The corresponding CNCCs and deaths were downloaded from the GitHub website. Four variables, including IP days on CNCCs and deaths, GDP per capita, and vaccine doses administered per 100 people (VD100) in countries/regions, were collected. Correlation coefficients (CCs) between variables were computed to verify the association with vaccination rates. Four tasks were achieved:1.determining IP days for each country/region;2.drawing forest plots to identify the improvement in 2021;3.using a pyramid plot to identify the improvement in US states; and4.applying the Kano diagram to verify the three hypotheses mentioned above.Results:We observed that1.the IP days on CNCCs in 2021 were shorter than those in 2021 among continents and US states;2.the CCs were 0.66 (t = 12.21, P < .01) and −0.15 (t = 2.11, P < .01) using the paired variables of [VD100, GDP] and [VD100, deaths IP], respectively; and3.the CC between CNCC IP and deaths IP was 0.73 (t = 14.84, P < .01), but a weak association with CC = −0.01 existed between CNCC IP and VD100.Conclusion:Our results indicate that vaccination has a significant effect on mitigating COVID-19 outbreaks, even with limited protection against infection. Continued compliance with nonpharmaceutical interventions is essential to the fight against COVID-19 in the future.

Economic losses analysis due to the impact of climate change on the health sector in Indonesia

Changes in environmental conditions due to climate change have the potential to change the pattern of disease spread and reduce the degree of human health. Health is a human right and a vital factor for human activity. Indirectly, health plays an important role in supporting economic activity and national development. This study aims to analyze the potential economic losses to the health sector due to climate change. The economic impact is calculated from losses through increasing the prevalence of climate sensitive diseases in the future, including dengue fever, malaria, diarrhea, and pneumonia. The distribution of diseases based on climatic factors is used to estimate the total prevalence. The number of disease prevalence was obtained by sensitivity analysis which was adjusted to the results of the RCP 4.5 CSIRO and MIROC models. The results showed that the impact of climate change on climate sensitive diseases has the potential to affect Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 0.1% or equivalent to Rp. 7.6 trillion. Climate change is projected to trigger disasters more frequently, thus increasing health losses by up to 1.8% of Indonesia’s national GDP. Strengthening climate change adaptation action in the health sector needs more attention to reduce these losses

Industrial development and greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia

The manufacturing industry is the main source of Indonesia’s economic growth. Its contribution to national GDP (gross domestic product) in 2012 is 22%, and it is expected to reach 30% in 2035. On the other hand, the industrial sector consumes energy which produces greenhouse gases. In 2017, the final energy consumption of the industrial sector was 232 million BOE (barrels of oil equivalent), slightly below the transportation sector, which was 362 million BOE. This study analyses the relationship between economic growth in the industrial sector and greenhouse gas emissions. Data for the period 2002-2018, with a cross section of 8 manufacturing industry subsectors, was analysed using regression models. The results of the analysis show that economic growth is positively related to greenhouse gas emissions, namely in the chemical fertilizer and rubber goods industries; cement and non-metal minerals industries; as well as raw metals iron and steel industries.

ELEMEN-ELEMEN MODEL TADBIR URUS KOPERASI DI MALAYSIA

The contribution of the cooperative sector in Malaysia to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is still at an unsatisfactory level. Some reports state that the country's GDP was only achieved between 3% to 4% until 31 December 2019 compared to the target of 10% as set in the National Cooperative Policy (NCP) 2011-2020. Based on NCP 2011-2020, one of the achievements that contribute to the increase in GDP is good regulation and governance. The same achievement strategy is continued in the fourth strategic thrust proposal of NCP 2021-2030, which is to create effective regulation. Therefore, to solve the problems of the study, the objectives of the study is to identify the elements of cooperative governance model based on cooperative governance guidelines in Malaysia and investigate the effect of cooperative governance model based on cooperative governance guidelines on cooperative performance in Malaysia. This study will use quantitative research method to achieve the objectives that have been set, namely questionnaire techniques and content analysis. Validation of the study framework model will be conducted using quantitative analysis techniques using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The expected output of the study is the Cooperative Governance Model that can be referred to by the Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative Development (MEDAC) and government agencies such as the Malaysian Cooperative Commission (MCC), Malaysian Cooperative Institute and other cooperatives. The significant results of this study are expected to provide input to the MCC related to the elements of good cooperative governance and can be used as additional information to be disseminated to cooperatives in Malaysia. The improvement in the achievement of cooperative governance is expected to contribute to the increase in cooperative revenue which in turn achieves the target contribution to the national GDP.