National Environmental Standards Research Articles

A regulatory framework for bottled water quality monitoring: A case of Emfuleni local municipality

BackgroundThe quality of drinking water has recently become of utmost concern to consumers worldwide, especially in areas where Water Service Authorities (WSAs) failed to provide safe water. To combat this challenge, government entities regulate water to ensure that safe water is provided. The Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM) has experienced cases of water contamination by human excretion, whereby communities were affected. As a result, there was a sharp increase in bottled water (BW) use, which however gave rise to unregulated and counterfeit versions of popular brands. This situation poses threats to public health. AimThis study sought to determine the regulation of drinking water and to assess whether environmental health practitioners (EHPs) monitor the quality of water sources (BW and tap water) in ELM as outlined by the National Environmental Health Norms and Standards (NEHNS). SettingsThe study was conducted in the Emfuleni Local Municipality in South Africa. MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed in this research. Fifteen online questionnaires using a Google Forms survey were distributed amongst all EHPs servicing ELM. Secondary data that included the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and Service Delivery Budget Implentation Plan (SDBIP) for the 2017–2020 financial years were also evaluated, specifically for water quality monitoring (tap and bottled water). The dataset was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29. ResultsDue to complexity in the legislation and NEHNS in relation to Municipal Health Services (MHS), bottled water was not sampled at all. A number of EHPs were also not conversant with the regulations governing BW. Moreover, NEHNS consider bottled water as food, which does not fall under the MHS. ConclusionThere should be clarity in the legislation to ensure that bottled water monitoring is intensified to protect public health within the WSAs. ContributionThe findings of this study could assist policy-makers to make informed decisions on water quality monitoring, as well as clarify legislative issues on bottled water.

CORRELATION ANALYSIS AND MODELLING OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS FROM SOIL SAMPLES OF FIVE SELECTED REFUSE DUMPSITES IN LAFIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Thousands of tons of solid wastes are generated and disposed daily in open dumps of most Nigerian cities due to rapid population explosion and commercial activities. In this study, concentrations of heavy metals and physicochemical parameters from 20 soil samples each from selected refuse dumpsites in wet and dry seasons were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) standard methods. The results showed that during the wet and dry seasons, the concentration of heavy metals, Hg, Cr, Mn were above that of World Health Organisation (WHO), and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), while that of Pb, As, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni were below the tolerable limits. The results for physicochemical parameters in wet and dry seasons for nitrates, phosphates and organic matter were above WHO standards. Statistical test at 0.05 probability level (p < 0.05) was used to determine the degree of association between pairs of the variables. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to measure the direct and inverse relationship between these parameters and heavy metal availability. Based on the different variables obtained at the study areas, a multiple linear regression analysis was determined from which a general linear model was formulated. The study recommends appropriate government agencies should as a matter urgency integrate the regular monitoring of waste disposal into the state developmental plan and framework in order to prevent excessive build-up of these metals in humans through the food chain.

Assessment of seasonal variations in vehicular emissions at traffic intersections in Ibadan using AERMOD dispersion model

AbstractAfrican cities grapple with urban air pollution from traffic‐related air pollutants (TRAPs). This study investigated TRAPs concentration variations at traffic intersections (TIs) in Ibadan, Nigeria. AERMOD model was employed to examine TRAPs dispersion at 25 selected TIs, considered as volume sources. Seasonal concentration distributions of six pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, TVOCs, PM2.5, and PM10) were determined using meteorological, topographical, and pollutants’ emission rates in AERMOD. Estimated peak concentrations of the studied pollutants were generally higher in the rainy season than dry season, surpassing the air quality standards set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria's National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) during the rainy and dry seasons except SO2 (24 h) concentration which did not exceed the NESREA standard. This study highlighted TIs as significant contributors to air quality degradation in both seasons studied in Ibadan and showed AERMOD's suitability for air dispersion studies.

Assessment of water quality and associated human health risk of a tropical freshwater body in Edo State, Nigeria

The quality of freshwater sources is a key factor in sustainable development. This study investigated the water quality suitability of Ossiomo River for human consumption and the implications for public health. Water samples were collected and analysed from October 2021 to March 2022. Results indicated that the water physico-chemical parameters from sampled locations were within their respective National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESRA) permissible limits except for pH (< 6.5), dissolved oxygen (< 6.0mg L−1), cadmium (> 0.005m /L−1), manganese (> 0.05mg L−1) and total hydrocarbon content (>10mg L−1). Comprehensive pollution index (0.4–1.0) and water quality index (251.57–765.37) values indicate that the water body was slightly polluted and unsuitable for human consumption (WQI > 50). Health risk assessment showed that children and adults were predisposed to non-carcinogenic risk (HIoral > 1) and carcinogenic risk (ICR: 1.21E-02 and 2.84E-03) from heavy metals through oral exposure. Natural run-off and anthropogenic activities were identified sources of heavy metals and hydrocarbons within the catchment. The study has provided data for water resource quality monitoring and raised concerns as to the need for immediate action to safeguard the public health of communities surrounding the Ossiomo River, through the provision of alternative sources of potable water.

Solid Waste Challenges and Management in a Traditional Sahelian City: A Case Study of Sokoto, Nigeria

This study assessed the solid waste generation, management, and consequences in the traditional city of Sokoto. The utmost challenges facing this Sahel region include scarcity of modernized and control measures of waste resulting from daily hectic impacts on the community. In this city, solid waste is characterized by inefficient control, insufficient coverage of collection system and improper disposal methods. The increasing population of residents has accelerated more pollution of all categories, and the consequence is a dearth of hygienic standards. This work further sampled different materials from heaps of waste such as; the level of sub-soils at 0-30 cm (at random) from each of the dump sites to determine the extent of heavy metal concentrations and for fertility supplement in comparison with the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). Fifty structural questionnaires were administered randomly to selected residents around dumping sites and the staff of Sokoto Waste Management &amp;Planning Board to solicit relevant information that can assist the governments, stakeholders, and waste control agencies. Also, Landsat data was utilized to map out the waste sites for spatio-temporal analysis. Results indicated that 89% of respondents agreed that Sokoto metropolis is characterized by untidiness with masquerades of biodegradable wastes, while major streets especially in the congested areas which displayed a lot of drains and channels remain blocked.

Status of Selected Heavy Metals in Soils Samples Obtained From Crown Estate Dumpsite, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria

This research work focused on the status of selected heavy metals in dumpsite soil compared with soil samples obtained from a green park area as a control. The research results were also related to threshold limits set by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Soil samples were collected from a dumpsite inside Crown Estate (made up of residential quarters for both staff and students of Igbinedion University) and a green area of Igbinedion University's permanent site, Okada, Benin City, Edo State in Nigeria. The soil samples were air-dried, ground, sieved, digested and subjected to heavy metal analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The analyzed metal profiles in the dumpsite soil samples are as follows: concentration of Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn and Ni ranged from 453.26 – 569.28, 0.85 – 1.16, 20.17 – 32.35, 60.98 – 74.26, 5.15 – 9.28, and 5.92 – 9.57 mg/Kg, with mean concentrations of 501.33 mg/Kg, 0.96 mg/Kg, 25.38 mg/Kg, 66.33 mg/Kg, 6.89mg/Kg and 7.90 mg/Kg respectfully, while the status of heavy metal concentration in soil samples collected from the control site ranged from 386.21 – 463.95, 0.82 – 1.32, 20.05 – 26.27, 47.75 – 65.22, 5.77 – 8.73, and 6.35 – 9.87 mg/Kg, with mean concentration of 401.76 mg/Kg, 1.05 mg/Kg, 23.05 mg/Kg, 54.84, 7.39 mg/Kg and 7.78 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn and Ni respectfully. Of all the metals analyzed only the level of Fe in this study did exceed the tolerance limits of NESREA, WHO and FAO. The results also revealed higher heavy metal content in the dumpsite justifiably due to the difference in anthropogenic activities carried out on the two sites.

Assessing the Feasibility of Eco-Industrial Parks in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Thang Long II Industrial Park in Vietnam

Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) exemplify sustainable industrial development by maximizing resource efficiency through waste material reuse. However, their global implementation encounters challenges. This paper introduces two key contributions to the EIP literature. Firstly, it presents a simple, interdisciplinary framework for assessing the feasibility of transitioning to or establishing new EIPs. Secondly, it applies this framework to evaluate EIP development in Vietnam, focusing on Thang Long Industrial Park II (TLIPII) as a case study and drawing implications for other developing nations. TLIPII is remarkable for its adherence to national environmental standards, with a dual status of partial occupancy and ongoing infrastructure development. This study suggests the potential for a partial EIP transition in the occupied area and establishing a new EIP in the remaining portion. Yet substantial challenges persist due to institutional barriers like the absence of incentive policies, specific implementation guidance, and environmental regulations. TLIPIIs case underscores crucial success factors for EIP development: active stakeholder engagement, a comprehensive EIP management framework, clear stakeholder responsibilities, and the involvement of local-level actors. It also highlights the importance of flexible environmental regulations, incentives, robust stakeholder engagement, and well-defined policy frameworks. These lessons from TLIPII can inform actionable policy recommendations for other developing countries. By applying these insights, these nations can chart a roadmap for sustainable industrialization while addressing the challenges and opportunities of the EIP model.

Innovation as a Tool for Sustainable Development in Small and Medium Size Enterprises in Slovakia

Background: In the current global market, innovations are one of the tools of sustainable development. Therefore, companies must change their attitudes toward innovation strategies in accordance with international and national environmental standards, laws, and market requirements. We often come across, in particular, the evaluation of economic factors of sustainability, which cannot capture the attitudes of companies to the solved issue of the perception of innovation as a tool of sustainable development. Therefore, the Kano model and cluster analysis are used to evaluate the attitudes of Slovak small and medium-sized enterprises towards innovation, and the aim of this paper is to evaluate innovation as a tool of sustainability in enterprises in Slovakia. Methods: This article’s main research method is the Kano model and cluster analysis. Conclusions: The findings of this paper reveal how small and medium-sized enterprises in Slovakia perceive innovation as a tool for sustainable development. Based on the results, we can state the positive attitude of small and medium-sized enterprises towards innovations supporting sustainable development, focusing on frugal innovations characterized by cost reduction, as well as innovation targeting functions, standards, laws, and performance optimization. They perceive these innovations as attractive and their implementation in corporate structures as a basic function for sustainable development through innovation.

Wireless CO2 and Ozone Monitoring with IoT Technology for Indoor Air Quality

This article presents the development of a wireless sensing and control system for indoor air quality by measuring gases such as carbon dioxide, as well as the use of ozone as a biocide agent for environmental control in real time, respecting concentrations allowed by national and international environmental health standards. The developed system uses cutting edge technology such as the Internet of Things and Cloud Computing that allows remote access to air quality measurements through mobile devices with the installation of the developed App, which has the capacity for registration and controlled access to users, auto-configuration of devices and data visualization in real time and historical record. The use of ozone as a biocide agent for environmental control was effective against the use of chemicals or other substances since it does not leave hazardous residues, inhibiting the generation of new colonies and keeping the areas under a disinfection control.

Стратегические подходы к строительству энергоэффективного жилья в России

The article examines the issues of strategic approaches to the construction of energy efficient buildings in the context of green building. International and Russian environmental standards are considered as a tool to improve the efficiency of green building. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the current state of energy efficiency of buildings in Russia and to identify strategic development trends. Objectives – to study the regulatory framework that stimulates the strategic development of green building and energy efficiency; review of applied energy efficient technologies; review of national environmental standards.

Evaluation of heavy metals in soil from automobile mechanic Village Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Soil contamination by heavy metals is a worldwide environmental problem. Some heavy metals pollutants are released from the activities in the auto-mechanic workshops and have various effects on human health as well as the environment. It is important to determine the presence and concentration level of the heavy metals in the soil. This research was aimed to determine the level of some selected heavy metals and physicochemical parameters of the soil sample. The soil samples were digested with nitric and hydrochloric acid and heavy metals were analyzed from digested samples using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Results of the atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) analysis of soil samples revealed that sample is contaminated with Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu with concentrations level (mg/kg) range between (0.75 - 5.55), (0.30 - 0.40), (1.00 -1.42) (0.80 - 1.30) and (0.05 - 0.60), respectively. Other metals such as As, Cd, Cr also contaminated the soil with concentrations (mg/kg) ranged between (0.12-0.76), (0.13-01.13) and (0.11-1.30), respectively. The results were compared with the standard set by National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). The research concluded that the anthropogenic activities at auto-mobile workshops contaminate soil with heavy metals which may have a direct or indirect effect on human. Further studies should be conducted to ascertain the effects of those metals on human, plants, groundwater, and environment.

Assessment of Transient and Spatial Noise Pollution Levels at Selected Junctions in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State

This study focused on assessing of transient and spatial noise levels at selected Port Harcourt Metropolis junctions. Spatial noise measurement and vehicle count were conducted at Eleme and Akpajo junctions. Comparative analyses of noise level and noise pollution level using line graph/t-test and determination of decline rate of noise pollution level using regression analysis were carried out. Comparative analyses of noise levels at the two study locations using traffic count were also done. The noise pollution level was compared with National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and World Health Organization (WHO) noise standards and a safe zone determined at study locations. Maximum and minimum noise recorded were 88.99dB(A) and 50.05dB(A) at Eleme junction, 87.51dB(A) and 49.02dB(A) at Akpajo junction. Findings showed that the noise pollution level was relatively higher than noise level with distance away from the junctions; however, there was no significant difference between noise level and noise pollution level. Maximum noise pollution level average decline rate of -0.3691dB was observed at Eleme junction in the morning, while the minimum noise pollution level average decline rate of -0.2656dB was observed at Akpajo junction, in the morning hours. External sources also contributed to noise level at the junctions. Those living or doing business within 100m and 120m of Akpajo and Eleme junctions, respectively are at risk of having noise-induced auditory, physiological and behavioral problems. There is need for continuous monitoring of noise level at study locations. Regular health assessment of people living within the study locations. Noise control regulations should be made and enforced by the Government.

The right to an enabling environment in the system of public interests of the territorial community within the implementation of the sustainable development goals

The purpose of the research was to study the essence of the right to an enabling environment in the system of public interests of a territorial society, within the framework of the implementation of the strategy for Sustainable Development in Ukraine. As the main content it is known that the national security strategy of Ukraine identifies corruption among the current and planned threats, which prevents the Ukrainian economy from depressing, makes its sustainable and dynamic growth impossible and, as a result, fuels the criminal environment. The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation, hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. The obtained results allow concluding that, the effectiveness of legal regulation of the implementation and protection of the right to a favorable environment should be directed to the implementation of environmental and economic functions of the state and, fundamentally, to strict adherence to national environmental safety standards.

Impact of Environmental and Social Disclosure on Return on Asset of Listed Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of environmental and social disclosure on return on asset of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: The study used expo factor research. The population of the study comprises of all the thirteen (13) oil and gas companies and eight (8) of those companies made up the sampled population. The study used three variable, the dependent, independent and control variable. ROA is the dependent variable, environmental and social disclosure is the independent variable while firm size and firm age are the control variable. The study used secondary data sourced from annual report and account of the sampled companies for the period 2010 to 2019. To examine the study data, descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and multivariate regression analysis were used.&#x0D; Findings: The study revealed that environmental and social disclosure have negative impact on return on asset (ROA) of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that there should be proactive effort from policy makers like National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency and other standards setting bodies to introduce a standard framework for mandatory disclosure of corporate environmental information.

Measurement and Analysis of Noise Levels: A Study of Selected Pubs in Calabar, Nigeria

This research involves the assessment of noise levels in pubs operating in Calabar, Nigeria, to investigate their compliance with the permissible noise level recommended by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Nigeria. A Bam and Kom (BK) Precision 732 digital sound level meter placed on a tripod was used for the measurement of noise levels for three consecutive months, from 6:00pm to 10:00pm. The measured data were subjected to descriptive statistics using excel spreadsheet and the results were presented in the forms of graphs, bar chart and in tabular form. Average equivalent noise level obtained for pubs A, B, C, D and E were 86.5dB, 75.7dB, 75.9dB, 90.0dB and 81.9dB, respectively. Results show that all the pubs under study were in excess of the permissible noise level recommended by NESREA.

Assessment of water quality for suitability and human health risk: a study of the Owan River, Edo State, Nigeria

Suitability assessment of water bodies for human consumption and its implication on human health is critical to water resources utilisation and sustainable development. This study investigated the water quality of the Owan River and the potential health risk to users. Examined physico-chemical parameters were within the Nigerian National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency permissible limits, except for the lead concentration. Water quality index values (Water Quality Index: 84.50–316.20) indicated that surface water from the sampling locations were of poor quality and unsuitable for drinking (Water Quality Index: > 50). The comprehensive pollution index values (Comprehensive Pollution Index: 0.31–0.57) indicate the water is sub–clean to slightly polluted. Evaluated non–carcinogenic risk to human health showed that children in the receptor population were predisposed to risk from heavy metals through oral ingestion (Oral Hazard Index: > 1), while the water was safe for dermal contact (Dermal Hazard Index: < 1) for adults and children. Integrated carcinogenic risk values classified the surface water as Grade IV (Medium risk), with cadmium having the highest carcinogenic risk. Cadmium accounted for approximately 94% of the total carcinogenic risk and hence a concern for public health. Natural runoff and anthropogenic activities were identified as sources of pollutants within the watershed. The study has provided data for water resource quality monitoring and public health management.

Evaluating the Melbourne Strategic Assessment—Elegant on process, currently failing on implementation

SummaryThis paper provides a critical analysis of the development and current outcomes of Australia's first endorsed strategic assessment under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, namely, the Melbourne Strategic Assessment. It covers progress towards protection of a number of Nationally Significant Species and Ecological Communities – most notably, the native grassland communities immediately adjacent to Melbourne's Urban Growth Boundary. The Commonwealth approval to protect biodiversity and allow urban development was made in 2010 and it aimed to achieve its outcomes by 2020. These outcomes included providing new land for homes, for new transport corridors, and for conservation of biodiversity. Natural Temperate Grassland (4,667 ha), Grassy Eucalypt Woodland (709 ha) and seven other Matters of National Environmental Significance will be impacted. Mitigation for this is establishment of 15,000 ha of grassland reserves, 1,200 ha of grassy woodland reserves, over 4,000 ha of other land zoned for conservation and 300 ha of wetland restoration. We conclude that the Melbourne Strategic Assessment has been a success in terms of the elegance and comprehensiveness of the approach, in cooperation between the levels of government, in the economic benefits, and in some aspects of social engagement of the agreement. However, the achievement of environmental outcomes must be currently considered a failure due to poor implementation. This failure includes not meeting the agreed 10 year deadline for land acquisition and management, poor monitoring and protection of set‐aside areas, and in reporting. We offer suggestions for how these current shortcomings could be overcome. These align well with the recommendations of the review of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (The independent statutory review of the Act in 2020) and include the establishment of the proposed Office of Compliance and Enforcement, the adoption of National Environmental Standards and the reforms regarding the role of Indigenous Australians in strategic assessments. If these were adopted, we conclude that the strategic assessment approach should be more widely used because of the more holistic approach and efficiencies that it envisages compared with site by site approaches.

An Appraisal of Selected Legal Frameworks for the Management of Oil Spillage in Nigeria

The Niger Delta region is one of the major regions in Nigeria where the oil spillage is prevalent. Over the years, several laws have been passed with a view to abating the menace. Despite the existence of these enactments, the problem of oil spillage persists. This paper examines selected legal legislations pertaining to the regulation, control and management of the Nigerian oil industry with a view to identifying inherent gaps for possible amendment and reform. Using the doctrinal method of research, this piece identifies areas in the relevant laws that need to be modified to effectively curb the problem of oil spillage in the Niger Delta region. It is shown that the inability of the relevant laws to abate the problem of oil spillage in Nigeria is a direct consequence of the gaps in the laws which fails take into consideration current realities in terms of imposition of adequate/stiffer penalties for environmental crimes particularly those perpetuated by corporate bodies. To this end, the need to overhaul the relevant laws and bring it up to speed with contemporary challenges is a necessary condition to ensuring that the problem of oil spillage becomes a thing of the past. Among other suggestions therefore, this contribution calls for the amendment of Section 102 of the Petroleum Industry Act to make the provision of an environmental management plan a mandatory requirement for the grant of a license or lease. It is contended also, that the punishment section of the Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provisions) Act should be more specific with respect to the particular punishment to be meted on violators. The exclusion of the oil and gas sector by Sections 7 and 8 of the National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency Act works a great disservice to the overall utility of the Act and should forthwith be amended to cover these critical sectors which are a major contributor to the menace of oil spillage.

Measurement and Analysis of Noise Levels: A Study of Selected Pubs in Calabar, Nigeria

This research involves the assessment of noise levels in pubs operating in Calabar, Nigeria, to investigate their compliance with the permissible noise level recommended by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Nigeria. A Bam and Kom (BK) Precision 732 digital sound level meter placed on a tripod was used for the measurement of noise levels for three consecutive months, from 6:00pm to 10:00pm. The measured data were subjected to descriptive statistics using excel spreadsheet and the results were presented in the forms of graphs, bar chart and in tabular form. Average equivalent noise level obtained for pubs A, B, C, D and E were 86.5dB, 75.7dB, 75.9dB, 90.0dB and 81.9dB, respectively. Results show that all the pubs under study were in excess of the permissible noise level recommended by NESREA.

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION AND VARIABILITY IN IKO RIVER, COASTAL WATER OF EASTERN OBOLO, NIGERIA

This study investigated the effects of climate change on phytoplankton composition and diversity in Iko River, coastal water of Eastern Obolo, Akwa Ibom State, South Eastern Nigeria. The study area was greatly influenced by tidal flush from the Atlantic Ocean. Phytoplankton samples were collected monthly from October 2021 to March 2022 at high tide and low tide from 3 stations. Phytoplankton was identified and diversity was calculated using standard indices. Dissolved oxygen (3.3–6.0 mg/L) was above WHO guidelines of &lt;5.0mg/L and BOD (2.40-5.30 mg/L) in this study was above the (4.0 mg/L) limit recommended as suitable for aquatic life by the National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA), which could pose a threat to aquatic life. A total number of 65 species of phytoplankton were identified in the study area. Bacillariophyta was the dominant group (69%) throughout the study in species number, occurrence and abundance. The increasing order of dominance values was; Bacillariophyta &gt; Cyanophyta &gt; Chlorophyta &gt; Dinophyta &gt; Euglenophyta . Diversity indices (Margalef, Shanon, Dominance, Simpson Evenness and Equitability) showed spatial variations significant at (P&gt;0.05). Pollution-indicator species such as; Tabellaria fenestrata, Nitzschia. paradoxa, N. filiformis, N. longissima, Cymbella cuspidata, Melosira distans and Anabaena constrica were recorded at either high tide, low tide or at both tides. Concerted efforts have been recommended to Government agencies and individuals to help reduce natural and anthropogenic pollution of the coastal water bodies.