National Defense Development Research Articles

Three-stage multi-objective optimization approach based on sparsity knowledge for multi-airship earth-observation task scheduling

In recent years, due to the increasing demands for environmental monitoring, disaster warning, urban management, and national defense development, the construction of earth observation platforms has become a strategic requirement for countries in the aerospace sector. Autonomous airships in near space are highly competitive in terms of endurance, power consumption, and coverage area. An important aspect of earth observation is task scheduling, which generates allocation decisions under certain constraints. However, in the current literature, there is insufficient research in this field, which is crucial for human safety. Therefore, it is imperative to establish models to fill the research gap in this area. The novelties and our contributions to the paper are as follows. (i) Based on the consideration of distance, resolution, energy, and time constraints, the multi-airship earth-observation task scheduling (MAEOTS) model is developed to maximize the observation quality and minimize the energy cost. (ii) To solve this model efficiently, a three-stage multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (TSEA) based on sparsity knowledge combined with three indicators (SKTI) is proposed, also called TSEA/SKTI. (iii) Using three types of sparsity knowledge to guide the genetic operator and introducing the fitness evaluation strategy of three indicators for population selection, the competitiveness of populations in diversity and convergence is improved. (iv) A combination of decision variable score and number of tasks is used to initialize the populations. An adaptive strategy is designed to determine the range of operator crossover and mutation. The degree of crowding determined by the sharing function between individuals is used for environmental selection. The experiment was repeated in 4 data sets while comparing with 4 relevant popular evolutionary algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has advantages in terms of effectiveness and diversity of solutions, and demonstrates excellent characteristics in solving the MAEOTS model, exhibiting good time robustness and complexity. An actual case study in Zhuo Zhou City has been conducted to assess the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model.

Reserve Components as a Non-Military Defense Strategy to Support Defense Economic

Indonesia has large human resources and has a lot of potential if proper management and development is carried out. Human resources are the most important aspect as a determinant of the development of national defense. This potential has a positive effect with the aim of forming a reserve component as a support for national defense forces so that the formation of this reserve component can also be interpreted as a strategy. This paper aims to explain how the role of reserve components in non-military defense efforts. The method used by researchers is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The result of this writing is that the reserve components originating from the community will return to the community, then this is considered as a soft-approach strategy to form a nationalist youth generation which will ward off threats that arise from various aspects of social life. It is hoped that the development of the strength and capability of national defense in the management of the reserve component will result in the success of the universal people’s security and defense system with a large number of civil society members becoming members of the reserve component.

Force development against irregular and hybrid warfare in Indonesia

The development of national defense is directed to be able to answer various possible threats and actual problems that are adjusted to the geographical conditions and dynamics of the strategic environment. Current and future threats are growing very fast and increasingly complex. Threats to the state can essentially be classified into three types, namely military threats, both armed and unarmed, non-military threats, and hybrid threats. The threats that have emerged during the co-19 pandemic are irregular warfare and hybrid threats. This research will discuss the analysis of force development to face the threat of irregular warfare and hybrid warfare in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that Indonesia as a country that has a strategic location and attractiveness of various spectrums needs to always prepare itself by implementing relevant strategies in accordance with the capital already owned in the Indonesian nation itself, this is needed to avoid national disunity due to irregular warfare that enters the joints of state life.

Design of sandwich-structured para-aramid paper with polyphenylene sulfide non-woven fabric for enhancing mechanical properties and breakdown strength

The rapid development of national defense, military industry, and aerospace puts forward higher requirements to the mechanical property, breakdown strength, dielectric properties, and heat resistance of high-performance aramid paper. However, the vast majority of aramid paper-based materials can hardly have a combination of satisfactory high mechanical properties and breakdown strength due to the porous structure of paper-based materials. Herein, we report a para-aramid chopped fibers/polyphenylene sulfide (ACFs/PPS) composite paper with a sandwich structure by designing the structure of aramid paper. Dense PPS microfiber membrane as robust armor filled and repaired the voids and defects on ACFs/PPS composite paper. Additionally, strong barrier interfaces between PPS film and ACFs/PPS composite paper effectively slow down the transmission of voltage to the inside of the composite paper. Thus we obtain the sandwich-structured ACFs/PPS composite paper with excellent mechanical strength (158.7 MPa) and breakdown strength (55 kV/mm), which are almost 1.5 and 2.5 times higher than ACFs/PPS composite paper, respectively. Besides, excellent mechanical properties and breakdown strength are wonderfully integrated with superior dielectric properties (tanδ <0.0035), chemical stability, and thermal stability (DTGmax > 575 °C), far superior to reported aramid paper-based materials. This work plays an important role in fabricating fabulous multi-attribute combinations of aramid paper-based materials and can also be extended to other materials and structures.

Research on Process Planning Method of Aerospace Engine Bolt Tightening Based on Digital Twin

Aerospace engine is the source of power for the development of national defense and aerospace. Engine bolt tightening is an important part of the aerospace engine production process. At present, most of the bolt tightening methods of aerospace engines are manual tightening or traditional rigid tightening, which lead to the problem of low efficiency and large engine deformation. This paper proposes a process planning method for bolt tightening of aerospace engine based on digital twin, including flexible tightening mechanism design, tightening sequence optimization, the establishment of the digital twin system of the tightening mechanism, etc. The flexible tightening mechanism is suitable for different types of aerospace engines. Based on bolt tightening sequence optimization, the deformation and stress of the cabin section during the tightening process are reduced. The bolt tightening work is completed in the digital twin system, the real-time communication of physical and digital space synchronizes the operations of them. After tightening, the residual pre-tightening force of bolts are detected based on the ultrasonic method. The results show that the proposed method can solve the problems of low efficiency of aerospace engine bolt tightening and the problem of the cabin’s large deformation. Furthermore, it provides technical reference and theoretical basis for the bolt tightening technology of aerospace engine.

Analysis of the Position of the Tactical Vehicle Defense Industry on the National Defense Development in a Logistics Perspective

The defense industry is part of the pillars of empowering the state's defense posture, especially in times of peace. Tactical vehicles are part of the defense industry which is an industry downstream. In this research, we analyzed the position of the tactical vehicle industry on the part of national defense empowerment. The concept of national defense explains the defense and threat spectrum. The logistics concept provides a framework analysis of the national defense empowerment and military operations. The first analysis is the industry of tactical vehicles in legal aspect is part of national defense posture. On strategic logistic levels, this industry plays a role in meeting the needs of national defense empowerment requirements in tactical vehicles. The last, tactical logistics levels play the role as the main or support power in the military operations of TNI.

Research on a method of digital map generation for tracked equipment maneuvering on soft ground

The mobility of equipment refers to the ability of fast driving under various road, ground and terrain conditions that may be encountered in the tactical background. In recent years, with the rapid development of national defense and aerospace, tracked equipment is required to reach more and more areas. However, due to its low bearing capacity and low adhesion capacity, soft roads such as sandy land, swamp, farmland, tidal flat and lunar soil are easy to cause subsidence, resulting in low driving efficiency or even inability to drive, which seriously restricts the feasibility of driving equipment. In this paper, considering the characteristics of tracked equipment, through the superposition of multi-layer spatial information such as slope, aspect, soil and elevation data, based on equipment dynamics, fuzzy theory and ant colony algorithm, the generation of mobile digital map and mobile path planning of tracked equipment under soft road and complex terrain are studied, which has important practical significance.

Examining the Capacity of Indonesia’s Defense Entities on Countering Radicalism

Radicalism for the last few decades has hampered the people and national security building of Indonesia. Contemporary global and regional constellations develop an unprecedented scale of impact radicalism as well as its tractability. The formal categorization of radicalism as an ideology based-non-military threat reflects an imperative mandate for Indonesian defense entities to review and formulate relevant and comprehensive alleviation strategies to address the radicalism. However, this urgency does not appear to have been embodied in at least two points in our opinion: the perception among associated institutions barely aware of the significance of synergy and coordination and second, a minor portion of the countering of radicalism in the frame of the roadmap for Indonesia's national defense development. This research examines the perceptions of relevant defense stakeholders in Indonesia regarding radicalism and its current approach as well as the formulation of strategies that have been implemented or designed to maintain the existence of Indonesian nationalism. We collected information and data through both documentation studies and interviews with representative officials from the relevant ministries, military, and state agencies and then compiled it descriptively. By examining the perceptions of each research object as well as the construction of the strategy that has been rolled out, we conclude the Indonesian defense entities have yet significant, comprehensive, and sustainable strategies addressing the threat of radicalism.

THE CHALLENGES OF THE TECHNOLOGY 4.0 AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY WITHIN TOTAL WAR STRATEGY STRUCTURE

&lt;p class="Els-history-head"&gt;The development of information technology has a significant impact on various important aspects of life. Apart from positive impacts, there are also negative impacts that are important to know and anticipate to prevent major damage and losses. On a broad scale, namely at the national level, the development of information technology can also affect the development of national defense as it is known that the nature of Indonesia's defense is total defense, which is prepared to face the total war. Based on the explanation above, the purpose of this &lt;em&gt;study&lt;/em&gt; is to examine the impact of the development of information technology on the implementation of Indonesia's total war strategy. The approach used is qualitative phenomenology with research data in the form of secondary data collected using literature studies. The data is then analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that the development of information technology has both positive and negative impacts. These impacts encourage the need for changes and adjustments to the total war strategy implemented by Indonesia. This is important to do so that Indonesia can have a stronger defense in preparation for a total war that may occur in the future.&lt;/p&gt;

蔣経国の総統期における国防建設（1978～1988）――「台湾防衛」型の軍隊への改編と残存する「大陸反攻」の任務――

蔣経国の総統期における国防建設（1978～1988）――「台湾防衛」型の軍隊への改編と残存する「大陸反攻」の任務――

PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN NATIONAL DEFENSE

&lt;p&gt;Psychology is a science that continues to evolve, as well as national defense. Both of these are multidimensional sciences, so there needs to be a discussion about the relationship between roles in academia. This study contains a study of psychological science intervention in national defense and discusses psychology in general in the defense aspect. In the national defense system, psychology plays a strong role. Especially, current threats are not only coming from the military aspect but also the non-military aspect. Psychological intervention is needed in order to strengthen the defense system of Indonesia in facing those threats. Psychological interventions can be used in various aspects of defense. This study is written to see the importance of psychological intervention in national defense, as well as discussing psychology in general in the aspect of defense by using literature studies as a research method. The results of this paper suggest the importance of psychology in national defense, so it is necessary to further study this matter in the development of national defense both in terms of its application and science.&lt;/p&gt;

蔣経国の行政院長期における国防建設(1972–1978)―「攻守一体」戦略に基づく「大陸反攻」と「台湾防衛」の態勢

蔣経国の行政院長期における国防建設(1972–1978)―「攻守一体」戦略に基づく「大陸反攻」と「台湾防衛」の態勢

Advances in the research of application of virtual reality technology in war trauma treatment training

As an important medical support component for the army to preserve and enhance combat effectiveness and minimize the reduction rate of combat personnel, war trauma treatment has been highly valued. Modern war puts forward higher requirements for the pertinence, practicality, and efficiency of war trauma treatment training. With the comprehensive development of national defense and military modernization, the contradiction between the increasing demand of modern war medical service and the relatively backward training mode of war trauma treatment becomes more and more prominent. As a new practical technology, virtual reality technology can simulate the elements of war trauma treatment in a panoramic manner, enabling the trainees to have a real sense of the battlefield in the four-dimensional space of high simulation, which has unique advantage in the field of war trauma treatment training. At present, the western developed countries represented by the the United States of America have applied virtual reality technology in the field of war trauma treatment training and achieved gratifying training results through the actual combat tests. This paper reviews the application of virtual reality technology in the field of war trauma treatment training at home and abroad, in order to provide a new idea and method for improving the level of war trauma treatment training in our army.

СТРАТЕГИРОВАНИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В ВЕДУЩИХ СТРАНАХ МИРА

This article presents an analysis of the advanced foreign experience in strategic planning of the leading countries of the world - the USA, China, Germany, Japan. It is concluded that in the system of strategizing of the leading countries of the world, one of the central places is occupied by the strategizing of national security. The experience of strategizing US national security is especially indicative. Thus, the latest National Security Strategy of the United States of America (NSS) goes far beyond the military sphere and public security. In them, the predominant place is occupied by the issues of ensuring economic growth and economic security of the country (this is the main focus). Moreover, in the NSS 2017, attention to the development of the national economy in comparison with the NSS in 2015 only increased. Analyzing the main strategic documents of the development of the leading countries of the world, the authors identified the following trends in the strategy of threats to national security: placing in the ranks of the main threats to security (in particular, in the sphere of spatial development) economic differentiation of regions; placing in the ranks of the main threats to security - slowing down innovative development (lagging behind in the level of technological development); placing in the ranks of the main directions of strengthening security - issues of the development of national defense and modernization of the armed forces; considerable attention was paid to the strategic development of international relations and the promotion of national interests. In conclusion, the authors considered the advanced foreign experience in strategizing the development of national defense and modernization of the armed forces as the most important element of strategizing the national security of the leading countries of the world.

Sinergitas Pembangunan Tata Ruang Pertahanan Daerah dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Non-Militer di Indonesia

This article aims to understand and explain the local context of state’s defense toward non-military threats in Indonesia. As the broading and deepening development of security significance, non-traditional security agenda urges multi-levels and multi-sectors synergy especially in the local government because the nature of non-military threats in Indonesia developed at the local level. First, authors review numbers of literatures about non-traditional security, non-military threats and the securitization theory. Second, the article elaborates the strategic environment—global, regional, and national—and threats perception from the perspective of Indonesia’s defense posture. After that, the article explains securitization aspects of multi-level and multi-sectors synergy on facing the non-military threats at the local level. The result of this research is the synergy of national development, regional development and national defense development needs to be synchronized with the support of clear regulations, considering the available resources to achieve real community welfare, both in terms of income, employment opportunities, business opportunities, access to policy making, competitiveness, and an increase in the human development index. The strategic relations between stakeholders in the synergy of national defense development is essential to achieve formidable defense. Policy socialization between vertical agencies of ministries/institutions and regional governments needs to be optimized and intensified so that there will be a common perception in the management and implementation of national defense development on dealing with non-military threats.

Scenario-based modeling and solving research on robust weapon project planning problems

Weapon project planning (WPP) plays a critical role in the process of national defense development and establishment of the future national defense force. WPP faces the backgrounds of various uncertainties, intense inter-influence of weapon systems and involves modelling, assessment, and optimization procedures. The contents of this paper are mainly divided into three parts: first, the WPP processes are analyzed, and related elements are formulated to transform the qualitative problem to mathematics form; second, the value evaluation model of WPP solutions is proposed based on two criteria of total capability gap and total capability dispersion; third, two robustness optimization models are constructed based on the absolute robustness criterion and the robustness deviation criterion to support the robustness optimization process under multi-scenario. Finally, a case is studied to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed models and approaches.

The genesis of the administrative and legal support of defense of Ukraine

The article examines the historical development of the legal support of defense of the Ukrainian state in various stages of beginning, functioning, changing forms of the state. The legal and administrative aspects of the activities on the creation of the state defense system are analyzed.Creation and development of the country as one of the most complex social phenomena of self-organization of large social groups, always accompanied by established pursuant authorities and institutions that provide self-defense against various threats, especially defense against the aggression of other countries. Defense and security of every state has always been an objective condition for the existence of democratic and sustainable development. This also applies to Ukraine, which was difficult stages of the creation of the national state, from ancient times to the present, when due to an undeclared "hybrid war" against Russia, Ukraine, is the question of the existence of the Ukrainian state. Therefore, the scientific study of patterns and characteristics of the legal defense of the Ukrainian state in various stages of emergence, operation, changes in the forms of law of the Ukrainian people, taking into account historical experience, achievements and failures in the field of defense will to avoid repetition of mistakes and rash decisions at this stage of development. At present constitution has defined the defense of Ukraine, protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity of the essential function of the state, a matter of Ukrainian people. But, these provisions are enshrined in the Constitution of independent Ukraine, the Ukrainian nation has come a long historical path of struggle for their own state and to ensure its protection and defense. The development of the defense system of the Ukrainian state, as an integral part of the state, is inextricably linked with the development and existence of various forms of state Ukrainian people. Based on the major historical periods of development of Ukrainian statehood people can identify the following main stages of formation and development of national defense: 1st - formation of Kievan Rus and stay in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (VI-XVI centuries AD.); 2nd - Ukrainian Cossacks period from the occurrence of Zaporizhzhya Sich Cossack state to eliminate (XVI-XVIII centuries). 3 - the period of state-building processes, multi-state at the beginning of the XX century. (1917-1921 biennium.); 4 - the latest period, the system of defense of independent Ukraine (1990-2016 gg.). In the latest period of state during 1991-1996. Ukraine has a system of defense and the necessary conditions for further administrative and legal support defense functions of the state. It was created by the public authorities in the field of defense, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the system of elements defense industry and system of laws that regulate their activities. Unfortunately, mistakes and errors in the future reform of the Armed Forces of Ukraine as a major element of defense led to losing combat capability, and they were not ready to defense, repel armed aggression. However, in the current complex military-political situation, the implementation of defense reform objectives taking into account possible past mistakes and failures and legal support main areas of defense reform as envisaged Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine.

Research on The Effectiveness of Logistics Performance Assessment

It is very noteworthy for value of performance evaluation of the logistics achievement and the realized extent to the problem. For the logistics performance evaluation body in the course of practice, it is bound to use a variety of ways and means, and role in the assessment of the object, and thus has a positive effect and influence on logistics performance evaluation object even national defense development. Assessing the effectiveness of implementation could start from the static and dynamic levels, in which the main static level focuses on assessment body, evaluation indicators and assessing effectiveness of the method, and the dynamic level may focus on the effectiveness of the mechanisms to establish the role of, and to achieve the above goal, it is necessary to establish a correct assessment of the value orientation and look carefully at the assessment function.