National Crime Records Bureau Research Articles

Detecting spatial and spatio-temporal clusters of rape in India, 2011–2020

The study aims to identify the spatial and spatio-temporal patterns of rape in India from 2011 to 2020 using crime data aggregated at the district level. The study also tries to understand persistent patterns in the spatial variation of rape incidence across the country during the study period. The annual rape data from 2011 to 2020 were extracted from the National Crime Records Bureau. Retrospective spatial and temporal cluster analyses were performed using the purely spatial (Kulldorff’s and Mann–Whitney scan statistic) and space–time scan statistic (Kulldorff’s based on the discrete Poisson model). Cluster frequency analysis was performed. Results showed the spatial heterogeneity in the pattern of rape crime across the country as well as its localization among geographically contiguous regions across time and space. The detected primary spatial clusters (P < 0.05) persisted mainly in the Central, North, and North Eastern zones of the country over the ten year study period. The primary spatio-temporal cluster (LLR = 5560.09, P < 0.001) appeared between the time frame 2014 to 2016 and was concentrated mainly in the Northern zone. Thirty-seven districts of India (5.78%) contributed to spatial clusters in all years of the study period. The heterogeneous distribution of rape across India could be due to the spatio-temporal variations in the determinants of rape (such as socioeconomic status, demographics, urbanisation, and gender equality) across the country. Identification of the localized rape clusters could result in understanding the contextual factors of rape and, thereby be beneficial to national and regional rape control strategies.

Analysing Patterns of Gender-Based Violence in India: Insights from NCRB Data– 2020

Abstract: Women hold a significant and esteemed status in Indian society. The Vedas revered women as "DEVI" goddesses, extolling their qualities as mothers, creators, and givers of life. However, their exaltation was a little imaginary, since women in our patriarchal society in India were completely suppressed and subordinated at the same time. Because society insisted on holding fast to traditional ideas, Indian women across the nation continued to be subjugated and oppressed. This was the case for domestic as well as public, physical, emotional, and mental abuse. This Research analyse the reports and articles on crime against women in detail. The United States and its territories' National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Report-2020 has been examined

Study of Pattern of Injuries in Homicidal Deaths Autopsied at Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences, Belagavi: A Prospective Study

Homicide means the killing of one human being as a result of conduct of another. Homicidal deaths are seenin every part of the world but the toll varies from place to place. As per National Crime Records Bureau andStatistics, in 1953 the number of homicidal deaths were 9082 which has exponentially increased to the extent of29,272 in 2021.Such being the disturbing data and Belagavi being the biggest district of Karnataka state, a detailedstudy was undertaken on the pattern of injuries in homicidal deaths.Materials and Methods: A Prospective study was conducted on all cases of homicidal deaths registered underSec 302 IPC autopsied at Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences from January 1st 2016 to June 30th 2017 formed thestudy material. Information on various factors such as age, sex, weapon used, injury pattern were noted for eachcase in a separate proforma.Results: Among 1265 cases autopsied during the study period, 54 cases were homicidal deaths. Among 54 cases,head injuries were present in 15 cases (27.78%), stab injury involving neck, thorax and abdomen were present in14 cases (25.93%), injuries caused by asphyxia were seen in 14 cases (25.93%), majority of the victims were males(64.81%) and the predominant age group was 20 to 39 years (48.15%).Conclusion: The homicide being the preventable cause of death, its incidence and prevalence can be reduced bystrict implementation of law. The long term, wide-ranging policies are required to eradicate this heinous crime

IJCM_50A: Mortality trends in Indian prisons and its associated risk factors: a time trend analysis from 2017-2021

Background: The environmental health status of jail populations poses a significant public health threat for prisoners and the general population. The environment of jails provides a suitable foundation concerning morbidity and mortality of the general population due to the concentrated potential source of infectious diseases, difficult access to treatment for chronic health conditions, interruption in the continuity of care for serious behavioural health conditions, as well as on-going issues for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse disorders. Prisoners should receive a healthcare provision equivalent to people living in the community. Those rights, if fulfilled, will contribute to the process of social rehabilitation and will facilitate further reintegration into society on release. Objective: To analyze the mortality trends in Indian prisons from 2017-2021 and determine associated risk factors. Methodology: The various mortality statistics and associated risk factors were retrieved from the Prison Statistics of India report published annually by the National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs. A literature search was also done in electronic databases like -PubMed, Google Scholar, and other platforms using keywords- mortality in prisons, prison health, and death in Indian jails. Results: The obtained estimates identified an ascending trend in mortality in Indian prisons due to cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, and suicide, accompanied by a rising trend in mental illnesses. Overcrowding, inadequate manpower for healthcare facilities, and poor budget allocation for prison health are some notable causes of rising mortality. Conclusion: The study’s findings revealed that prisoners, despite being a vulnerable section of the population, are deprived of adequate medical facilities due to restrictions imposed by law. Therefore, reducing overcrowding, recruiting adequate manpower for healthcare facilities and adequate budget allocation for prison health shall play an instrumental role in reducing the trend of mental illnesses and mortality in Indian prisons.

15-Year Suicide Trends Using Media Reporting Methodology from the Tricity Region of Chandigarh: A Brief Analysis

Abstract Introduction: Suicide has become a societal crisis owing to the recent increasing trends globally. Of the total suicide deaths globally, two-thirds occur in the developing countries including India. The available data on suicide in India reflect a rate of 11% (according to the National Crime Records Bureau 2013) with the highest rates in older adult males and an increasing trend of suicide deaths in younger age groups. Much of the literature is from the southern part of India with a relatively sparse data from North India. Aim and Methodology: The aim was to examine the 15-year (2004-2019) trend of suicide (age and gender distribution, methods used, and reasons) in an urban city in North India. Information was collected from the leading newspapers (English, Hindi, and Punjabi) of the area. Duplication of information was avoided, and statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: Fluctuations in the total number of suicide cases over the 15-year period were observed with nearly 63% of people committing suicide being younger than 30 years of age, of whom 53% were male. More females in the younger age group and more males in the older age group were suicide victims. Of all the methods used, hanging was the most common (70%), followed by consuming poisonous substance, jumping from height, shooting self, and stabbing in the descending order. A ceiling fan was used for hanging by 32% of victims who hanged themselves, of whom 65% were male. Among the cited reasons, stress/depression was experienced by 19% of victims. Discussion and Conclusion: The trends with respect to age distribution, gender, and method used that is reported in the current study are in line with the trends reported globally. The preventive measures, especially using technological advances in designing fans not suitable for tying noose around it, can be explored.

Factors and Patterns Associated with Juvenile Delinquency with Reference to Juvenile Crimes in India

Objectives: This study aims to examine the patterns in juvenile delinquency based on factors including age, gender, offence type, and characteristics used in NCRB reports and to comprehend the various factors that contribute to juvenile crime. Methods: This study was done using the secondary data which was collected from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reports in the year of 2017 to 2021 by the Government of India. Result and discussion: The analysis of the aforementioned data reveals that there is a higher level of juvenile crimes in India especially in various states. It also shows that a significant proportion of juvenile individuals have unfortunately fallen victim to a multitude of socio-economic pressures, including poverty, inadequate parental guidance, limited access to education, and the influence of peer groups. The crime rate in India has exhibited a notable upward trend over the years, accompanied by a concerning decline in the rate of convictions. Conclusion: The issue of juvenile delinquency necessitates focused consideration and an approach that prioritizes the well-being of children, with an emphasis on safeguarding and proactive measures to prevent their involvement in deviant behaviour. Research Implications: The findings can have implications for policymakers and educators in the realm of pedagogy development. Additionally, it bears relevance for family members and other stakeholders who play a crucial role in fostering the comprehensive growth and development of children.

Agrarian Distress and Indebtedness Among Rural Agricultural Households in Uttar Pradesh

Agriculture is the largest sector of the Indian economy in terms of population dependent on it, where more than 85% of farmers belong to small and marginal categories. In India, agriculture has made commendable progress after the Green Revolution, and with a spectacular rise, the country has become self-sufficient in the case of most of the farm products. Despite it, farmers continued to languish in poverty. As time passes, farming has become less remunerative for most of the farming community, which has led to increasing debt and overall distress. Along with this, the consistent crop failure, coupled with the high cost and vagaries of the market, have made life worse for them. According to the latest data released by ‘National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) on December 4, 2023, there were 11,290 suicide cases reported by farmers from across the country during 2022, with an increase of 3.7% from 2021. In India, more than half of farmers were in debt and as per NCRB data, there were 7034 farmers’ suicide cases due to indebtedness in 2022. Moreover, the state of Uttar Pradesh saw the highest increase in the number of suicides among all states, with a 42.13% rise when compared with 2021. In this context, the present paper examines agrarian distress and suicide among farmers in the country as well as in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The study, primarily based on secondary sources, tries to explore the underlying reasons for rural indebtedness or bankruptcies, whether it is natural, institutional, social, financial, or government policy-led. The paper also suggests some possible solutions, both short-term and medium-term, including coverage of all crops under Minimum Support Price (MSP); improvement of rural credit delivery system through institutional credit agencies; crop insurance coverage; and provision of input subsidies that can mitigate the agrarian distress among farmers.

Rape Crime in India: A Spatio-temporal Analysis

Analysing crime spatiotemporally involves studying the spatial and temporal patterns of criminal incidents. It helps identify high crime areas and times, aiding law enforcement in resource allocation. Using National Crime Records Bureau's (NCRB), crime in India reports, this study analysed the spatial-temporal patterns of rape crime in India to see how incidents of rape crime are distributed in the country. Arc GIS (10.4) software was employed to map these patterns. The results shows that the spatial pattern of rape crime in India displays a picture of irregular distribution.

Spectrum of vitriolage in India: A retrospective data record-based study.

Vitriolage or acid attack or acid throwing is a gender-based terrible violent crime. There are many everlasting sequels of vitriolage which consist of permanent scarring of the face or body, blindness as well as socioeconomic and psychological intricacy. The sufferer of acid attack is competitor, hatred, enmity or jealousy. Vitriolage are most common in the Asian countries especially in south east Asian region followed by Europe and South America. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Colombia and Cambodia are the countries having the highest incidence of acid attacks. There is a sharp rise in vitriolage cases in India in the last few years as indicated by data from the National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB). Seventy per cent victims of vitriolage are women in India as indicated by the annual reports of the Acid Survivor Foundation. The aim of the study was to report incidence of acid attacks in India, Indian states and metropolitan cities. To analyse various police and court procedure and to discuss various steps to give justice to the victim of vitriolage. Present study is a retrospective data record-based study. Available data for the last 5 years (from 2017 to 2021) were taken from National Crime Report Bureau (NCRB). Available as per NCRB, data were analysed as per aims and objectives. The trend of incidence of acid attacks in India was decreasing in the last 5 years, that is, the incidence was 244 in the year 2017 which become 176 in the year 2021. West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh were the states having the highest number of acid attack incidence during the last 5 years. Delhi city was the top most metropolitan city having the highest acid attack incidence in the last 5 years. Police investigation of cases of acid attacks against women and cases disposed of by the police decreased in the last 5 years. The chargesheeting rate was better in metropolitan cities than overall chargesheeting in India. There was an increased trial of cases of acid attacks against women and a decrease in cases disposed of by the court during the last 5 years. Conviction rate by the court was better in India than the metropolitan cities of India during the last 5 years. Case acquitted by the court in India was 24, 9, 10, 4 and 10, and in metropolitan cities it was 2, 1, 3, 0 and 2 during year 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Vitriolage not only destroys physical health but also destroys mental health. Despite of strict action taken by the Indian government, vitriolage is still prevalent in India. Male dominancy and inadequate legal systems are responsible for this. Though there is a standard set by the Supreme Court for the sale of acid, it remains easily available as the guidelines are frequently violated by the preparator. Case investigation and chargesheeting should increase by the police. Trial of the case and conviction should increase by the court. Vitriolage victims must be sure of their scope to obtain education and job opportunity and societal fiction should be reviewed to support people to acknowledge why vitriolage is committed mainly against females.

A Study on Pattern of Suicidal Deaths Brought for Medicolegal Autopsy at Mortuary of Siddhartha Medical College and Govt. General Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh

Background: The aim is to study the pattern of suicidal deaths, demographic profile including various contributary factors of victims and analyze the magnitude of deaths in and around Vijayawada part of Andhra Pradesh so that preventive measures can be set up to avoid such situation. A death by suicide is defined as the deliberate termination of life. For a death to be a suicide, it should be an un-natural death, the desire to die should originate within the person, and there should be a reason for ending their life, according to the National Crime Records Bureau. While India’s suicide rate of 14.04/lakh population in 2019 puts it at 49th rank globally, the grim reality of the highest numbers of suicides being reported annually from India cannot be overlooked. When you look at suicide deaths, the highest suicide rates are in the south. In central India, including Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, you have “middling suicide rates”, and the rate falls up north, in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.Material &amp; Methods: A five years retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in Forensic Medicineand Toxicology Department, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. All the autopsiesconducted on victims of suicidal deaths during the period from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2020 were studied from theavailable data. Inclusion criteria includes all the suicidal deaths due to poisoning, hanging and self-immolation by burns. Exclusion criteria includes suicidal deaths from causes other than poisoning, hanging and suicidal burns like drowning, electrocution, fall from height etc.Results: It is clear that committing suicide by consuming poison accounts for major number of deaths followed by committing suicide by hanging and least followed by committing suicide by self-immolation. It is also clear that committing suicides has increased year by year from 2016 to 2020 irrespective of committing suicide by hanging, poisoning. Coming to sex pattern, suicide by hanging was observed more in males. Sex pattern in suicidal deaths due to poisoning clearly showed that females outnumbered males. Sex pattern in suicidal deaths due to self-immolation clearly showed that females outnumbered males with high margin. Coming to the age pattern in committing suicidal deaths by hanging, 30 – 45 years age group showed highest incidence year by year followed by 45 – 60 years and least among 15 – 25 years age group. Where as in case of suicidal deaths by poisoning and self-immolation, incidence was highest in 30 – 45 age group followed by 15 – 30 years age group and least among 45 – 60 years group.&#x0D; Conclusion: According to the World Health Organization, in India, suicide is an emerging and serious publichealth issue. Suicide rates in India have been rising over the past five decades. India’s contribution to globalsuicide deaths increased from 25.3% in 1990 to 36.6% in 2016 among women, and from 18.7% to 24.3% among men. In 2016, suicide was the most common cause of death in both the age groups of 15–29 years and 15–39 years in India. Factors such as frustration, family problems, love affairs, poverty, harassment, sexual violence, social boycott, chronic diseases and bankruptcy were studied as the main reasons leading to committing of suicides in people.The need for a strategy which will raise awareness and help make suicide prevention a national priority has to be recognized. Such a national strategy will need a comprehensive approach that encompasses the promotion,coordination, and support of activities to be implemented across the country at national, regional, and local levels.The program would need to be tailored for populations at risk.

Status of Borstal Schools in India

The Borstal system evolved through the Gladstone Committee Report (1895), England, which propagated differential correctional philosophy for adolescent offenders. The philosophy focused on rehabilitation and corrections through training in industrial trades followed by an intensive aftercare programme. The success of Borstal schools was credited to the synergy between legislature, institution and aftercare mechanisms. Borstal schools in India were influenced and modelled in this line. This article studies and compares the existing Borstal Acts in India. National Crime Record Bureau data (2020 and 2021) suggest that Borstals were functional in only 8 out of 29 states, and its occupancy rate was not optimal. This article raises concerns over the decline in the number and use of Borstal schools and tries to understand the reasons for the same. It advocates for the need to revive Borstal schools in the spirit of corrections for young adults against the backdrop of changes in adult and juvenile justice legislation.

Dowry as an Exercise of Exploitation Despite Prohibition

A custom that is being swaddled as a practice of gifting women for financial security after their marriage or for building a strong bond between both the families is making the patriarchal behaviour stronger and is deleterious to the bride and her family. According to the report of the National crime record bureau, one dowry death every hour at rock bottom. The Asian women human rights commission states that the practice of dowry leads to death of around 25000 women between the ages of 15 and 34 years [1]. This harmful practice is continuing to persist in India in this 21st century which is not due to lack of legislation as the Indian legislature has passed Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. Domestic violence and cruelty occur against women when the receiving end is not satisfied with the dowry brought in. Regardless of having a law which prohibits dowry, nothing has stopped the nation from practising it. This study discusses in detail about the origin of the dowry system in India, its transformation over the period, the reason for bullheaded behaviour of society in not letting go of the practice in spite of being in aggrieved side, enactment of prohibition not in unison with Volksgeist theory.

AI Based Missing Person Search System

Abstract: Every day, children, young people, disabled people, underage children, elderly people with Alzheimer's disease, etc. Many people went missing, including many, and many are still missing. According to the latest data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 59,262 children went missing in India in 2020. We propose a method that can assist police and the public by using facial recognition to speed up the search process. When a person goes missing, police can send that person's photo and keep it on file. Whenever anyone comes across a complaint, they can take a photo of that person and upload it on our portal. The facial recognition model in our system will try to find matches in the data using facial coding. The face coding of the uploaded image is done by comparing it with the face coding of the image in the database. If a match is found, the police will be notified. The app will keep track of all missing persons and when a match is found the relevant authorities in the area will be notified. In addition to the photo, the user's location at the time the video was recorded may also be useful to the police. Also children, runaway teenagers, mentally ill, Alzheimer's patients, criminals, etc. Information on all missing persons will also be classified. Many families and even governments offer rewards to people who provide information leading to disappearances. The missing person was found. We can provide information about this gift through the application. When a new photo of a missing person is uploaded to the database, all users of the app will receive a notification with the person's name, appearance, rewards offered and more. We may also combine our data with government Aadhar data, which includes biometric data that can be used in our system, if permitted. Since many mobile phones are now equipped with fingerprint sensors, fingerprint matching is also possible. In addition to all the features mentioned above, we also plan to create a child labor section where users can upload images of all child labor practices they may be engaging in and authorities will then be notified about these practices so that action can be taken.Every day, children, young people, disabled people, underage children, elderly people with Alzheimer's disease, etc. Many people went missing, including many, and many are still missing. According to the latest data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 59,262 children went missing in India in 2020. We propose a method that can assist police and the public by using facial recognition to speed up the search process. When a person goes missing, police can send that person's photo and keep it on file. Whenever anyone comes across a complaint, they can take a photo of that person and upload it on our portal. The facial recognition model in our system will try to find matches in the data using facial coding. The face coding of the uploaded image is done by comparing it with the face coding of the image in the database. If a match is found, the police will be notified. The app will keep track of all missing persons and when a match is found the relevant authorities in the area will be notified. In addition to the photo, the user's location at the time the video was recorded may also be useful to the police. Also children, runaway teenagers, mentally ill, Alzheimer's patients, criminals, etc. Information on all missing persons will also be classified. Many families and even governments offer rewards to people who provide information leading to disappearances. The missing person was found. We can provide information about this gift through the application. When a new photo of a missing person is uploaded to the database, all users of the app will receive a notification with the person's name, appearance, rewards offered and more. We may also combine our data with government Aadhar data, which includes biometric data that can be used in our system, if permitted. Since many mobile phones are now equipped with fingerprint sensors, fingerprint matching is also possible. In addition to all the features mentioned above, we also plan to create a child labor section where users can upload images of all child labor practices they may be engaging in and authorities will then be notified about these practices so that action can be taken.

Cyber Crime Classification and Analysis of Various Indian States and Union Territories During 2011 to 2022 Using Data Mining Techniques

This paper attempts to identify the performance and to classify the cybercrime rate in Indian states during the period of 2022 with twenty-seven states and seven union teritories. The secondary source of data were collected from National Crime Records Bureau in India. Intially, the researchers selected 27 parameters related to crime. After data mining few variables are discarded from the analysis. The discarded variables are considered as outliers. The remaing twenty parameters were considered for further analysis, the variables like hacking the system, sexual exploitation, business, personal emotion, purchase of illegal drugs, spreading piracy, motives of blackmailing, etc. In this connection the main objectives are (i) to identify in which states crime rate is more, (ii) to identify which factors influence more for cybercrime, and (iii) to classify the performance based on the k-means clustering techniques. The results are classifed and are labelled as High Cyber Crime Rate States (HCCRS), Moderate Cyber Crime Rate States (MCCRS) and Low Cyber Crime Rate States (LCCRS)

Factors and Patterns Associated with Juvenile Delinquency with reference to Juvenile Crimes in India

Objectives: This study aims to examine the patterns in juvenile delinquency based on factors including age, gender, offence type, and characteristics used in NCRB reports and to comprehend the various factors that contribute to juvenile crime. Methods: This study was done using the secondary data which was collected from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reports in the year of 2017 to 2021 by the Government of India. Result and discussion: The analysis of the aforementioned data reveals that there is a higher level of juvenile crimes in India especially in various states. It also shows that a significant proportion of juvenile individuals have unfortunately fallen victim to a multitude of socio-economic pressures, including poverty, inadequate parental guidance, limited access to education, and the influence of peer groups. The crime rate in India has exhibited a notable upward trend over the years, accompanied by a concerning decline in the rate of convictions. Conclusion: The issue of juvenile delinquency necessitates focused consideration and an approach that prioritizes the well-being of children, with an emphasis on safeguarding and proactive measures to prevent their involvement in deviant behaviour. Research Implications: The findings can have implications for policymakers and educators in the realm of pedagogy development. Additionally, it bears relevance for family members and other stakeholders who play a crucial role in fostering the comprehensive growth and development of children.

Understanding the Status of Crimes against Women in India for the Period 2011-2020

Gender-based violence is a widespread and concerning problem that cuts across national boundaries and demographics. It has drawn international attention, especially in India, a country known for its rich cultural diversity. This study examines the intricate web of crimes against women in India in great detail, breaking down each state individually based on ten years' worth of data from 2011 to 2020 collected from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). The analysis of the study suggests that in 2016, Sikkim had the highest Crime Rate against Women of any state, at 1.887, showing a significant rise in crimes against women there. After that we have Manipur (crime rate: 1.508 in 2017) and Andhra Pradesh Goa (crime rate: 1.200 in 2013). In 2014, the Crime Rates against Women in Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur were both much lower than the national average at -0.569. When it came to violence against women in 2014, Telangana had the country's lowest rate at -0.569.

Inequality and Caste-Based Crime in India

Using data from the National Crime Records Bureau and National Sample Survey data, this paper uses a spatial regression technique to examine the effect of intercaste inequality on caste-based violence in India. Our results show that when the socioeconomic gap between the upper and lower castes decreases, upper caste violence against the lower castes increases. This result is interpreted as the upper castes reacting to changes in threat perception caused by changes in the relative positions of these two groups.

Crime Against Women in India: A Theoretical Review

Sexual, physical or emotional violence against women in India is a serious form of exploitation that needs to be prevented in the nation. The objective of this article is to highlight the increasing rate, number and forms of this violence against women in the country. To protect women at individual level, it is essential to know about the forms and severity of the crimes. Further, this article is based on a theoretical analysis of a review of literature and the kind of offences women suffer. This article also analyses secondary data of National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) from the year 2016 to 2021 (NCRB, 2016–2021) which clearly reflects that crime against women has increased although it was only very low during Covid-19. This article also attempts to emphasise on the recommendations and efforts to minimise the crime against women with the help of stakeholders of the society.

A machine learning based wearable depression, anxiety and somatisation monitoring IOT system (WDASMS) for the prevention of suicides

Tamil Nadu reportedly is the alternate loftiest rates of pupil self-murder in India. According to report from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2020, about 46 people failed each day by self-murder in the state; further than two of these victims each day were scholars. The government of Indias domestic seminaries for meritorious pastoral children have reportedly witnessed 49 self-murders in just five times and half of the children who killed themselves on the premises were Dalits and Adivasis, Educationalists point at the pressure mounted on scholars for marks and competitive examinations as one of the main reasons. Utmost seminaries have councillors but going to the council has a smirch about it still. Domestic seminaries where these cases are passing more need to be covered more. Children dying by self-murder due to academic pressure are unheard of in other countries. Utmost of the A huge number of enquiries revealed depression and anxiety to be implicit risk factors for self-murder. Heart health is good among students between the ages of 15 and 25. A few physiological parameters are altered by anxiety and depression. Hence, current pulsation is the symptom for psychiatric diseases. Clinical trials have demonstrated that mental reasons, most frequently anxiety, depression, and somatoform illnesses, are present in cases with pulsation. Psychiatric problems like anxiety and somatization are linked to palpitation. A study found that individuals with high levels of both depression and anxiety are 54.77 times more likely to commit suicide, which is a significant increase above individuals with either high levels of anxiety or depression (2.46). (26.32).. Naturally students studying +2 and preparing for high marks are in under depression and it's dragged for two times. When the examinations are nearing and the results are nearing, the combined depression and anxiety factor increases the threat for committing self-murders for84.5. Hence, a system with literacy and decision making medium is needed to constantly monitor the students to take prompt conduct. A wearable IoT device transmits with scholars Id, the pulsation position constantly to the fellow knot. Logistic Retrogression machine literacy algorithm is used for decision making grounded on the probability of circumstance. The authorities are informed in their widgets and prompt conduct can be taken. This system will be more applicable to the boarding seminaries, where the children are far down from their parents and the number of self-murders are high particularly among +2 grade. This system can be used for colourful communities, where the working culture gives depression and anxiety.

Socio-demographic corelation of traumatic brain injury patients at a tertiary care centre of northern India

India has a limited and evolving health infrastructure. A vast majority of rural and distant population are unable to access good quality treatment due to limited number of tertiary care centres in the country. Information from National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reveals that nearly 500000 deaths occur every year due to injuries and 1/3 of them are due to Road Traffic Injuries (RTI). Trauma in general and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in particular poses a major public health crisis in India and in many developing countries. TBI causes significant number of deaths, disabilities and socio-economic losses. Selected 150 head injury patients admitted under the Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, UP, India. The peak incidence of head injury was observed in the younger population, male deceased outnumbered female, most common cause for TBIs was RTI followed by fall from height, most of the victims had rural background, among victims students were in highest number and most belonged to low to middle income group family.Trauma is not a 100% preventable problem but accidental deaths are preventable and the incidence of RTIs can be minimized by creating due attention in public. Global experience clearly indicates that road traffic injuries are amenable to prevention and require systematic approaches. Burden of disability can also be minimized by increasing rehabilitation services. Government should step in for implementation of traffic safety rules and driving regulations, efficient transport system for accidents victims and instructions for strict governance.