National Corridors Research Articles

Analysis of The Need for Green Open Space (RTH) as an Absorptor of Carbondioxide Gas Emissions in The Semarang-Yogyakarta National Road Corridor, Bergas District, Semarang Regency

Semarang Regency is one of the areas in Central Java Province which has a variety of complex environmental problems, one of which is increasing carbon dioxide gas (CO2) emissions and the limited availability of green open space, especially in the Bergas District area. The increase in CO2 gas emissions is due to the increasing trend of the population in Bergas District and this is directly proportional to the increasing number of ownership of motorized vehicle transportation. This study aims to examine the need for Green Open Space based on the ability of vegetation to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) on the Semarang-Yogyakarta National Corridor Road, Bergas District, Semarang Regency, Central Java Province. Data collection in this study was carried out by traffic counting to calculate CO2 emissions and field observations to calculate the absorption capacity of CO2 emissions by vegetation. The results of this study indicate that the emissions produced by vehicles passing through the Semarang - Yogyakarta National Road corridor in Bawen District are 4,108,137.18 gr/hour, and emissions that can be absorbed by vegetation are only 642,846.47 gr/hour. So that the remaining emissions that have not been absorbed are 3,465,290.71 gr/hour. In order to optimally absorb the remaining emissions, at least 370 Swietenia mahagoni, 436 Pterocarpus indicus, 358 Samanea saman and 432 Bauhinia purpurea are needed.

Enabling a National Program for Ecological Corridors in Canada in support of biodiversity conservation, climate change adaptation, and Indigenous leadership

Identification and protection of important areas to improve connectivity in support of biodiversity conservation, climate change adaptation, and Indigenous Rights has been a key aspect in the Convention on Biological Diversity's policymaking for over two decades. Target 3 of the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework reiterated this need, calling on nations to conserve 30 % of terrestrial and marine areas by 2030 through “well-connected” and equitably governed systems of protected and conserved areas, among other considerations. In response to this call, Canada has initiated and amplified a new National Program for Ecological Corridors to enable collaborative efforts to protect and restore ecological connectivity across the country. Using multiple methods, including a literature review and a combination of interviews and workshops with conservation stakeholders, seven enabling conditions to support the effective and equitable implementation of the program were identified. These enabling conditions encompass respectful and meaningful engagement of and inclusion of Indigenous Peoples; establishing high-level commitment and vision, consistent with international and national biodiversity conservation and climate change commitments, supported by predictable, sustained funding and enabling legislation; and developing an appropriately scaled national corridor vision and supporting criteria and indicators to effectively monitor and communicate outcomes for biodiversity and people. Supporting mechanisms and strategies are detailed that can be used to effectively enable a national corridor program in Canada, providing early lessons learned and next steps for consideration by the wider global conservation community who are also striving to meet their own biodiversity and climate change adaptation goals.

An Empirical Analysis of the Aircraft Emissions by Operating from Scheduled Flights within the Domestic Market in Spain

Over the past 20 years, civil aviation has substantially reduced its environmental impact to augment sustainable transportation. In Spain, the domestic market has been habitually characterized by a few enterprises providing air transport services linked to scheduled flights on domestic corridors. Because of geographic diversity and the highly concentrated population characterizing this southern European country, many of them could not be supplied by alternative transport modes in terms of both time and distance by comparison with air transportation. For air quality monitoring from 139 national corridors, this paper aims to study related aviation emissions to conduct an economic analysis in terms of positive or negative externalities. For such purposes, the study focused on these domestic routes served by the five most important Spanish airports, specifically on the number of passengers transported from 2011 to 2020. Up to 10 aircraft types representing no more than 89% of regular operations on these flyways were subsequently identified. In addition, certain engine types also were selected as representatives to evaluate their emissions, depending on the great-circle distance in each route. The research findings, though particularly conditioned by aviation peculiarities of such a domestic market, point decisively to significant dependence upon emissions in connection with the seasonality of the demand and the concentration of flights with low occupancy indices from any one of them. Results suggest that airlines would benefit from operating turboprops instead of turbojets on selected routes, especially when oil prices are high. However, it is not always easy to find a balance between uncompromising economic profitability and effective fleet availability, since nowadays air transport undertakings tend to unify their fleets by using a few aircraft families, mostly powered by jet engines, apart from regional carriers.

Assessment of Roadside Plants as Barriers for Control Pollution of Some Districts of Uttar Pradesh:Green National Corridor

Several studies have investigated the use of roadside plants in reducing near-road air pollution concentrations since this method is often one of the few short-term options available to reduce near-road air pollution. In addition to air quality and general health benefits, roadside vegetation can improve aesthetics, increase property values, reduce heat, control surface water runoff, and reduce noise pollution (with dense, thick and tall stands). Since roadside vegetation has other potential benefits, the impact of this feature has been of particular interest. Roadside tree planting can make significant improvements to the quality of roads and the environment and can protect key natural resources. Road corridors can be a focus area for the restoration of vegetation cover, as vegetation supports many additional benefits, such as trapping dust and reducing run-off flows. Roadside vegetation may provide an opportunity to reduce nearroad pollutant concentrations in urban areas. This roadside vegetation can include the preservation of existing trees and bushes, as well as planting vegetation, which may constitute some of the few near-term mitigation strategies available for urban developers and facilities already subjected to high pollution levels near roads. This paper describes the field survey of roadside vegetation of different districts of Uttar Pradesh and it was observed that some common species are barriers to control pollution on road side besides covering other the environmental aspects such as control noise pollution, air pollution and maintenance of the ecological balance. It was also observed that the vegetation of Uttar Pradesh consists mostly of shrubs. Forests are generally concentrated in the southern uplands.

Integrated U.S. nationwide corridor charging infrastructure planning for mass electrification of inter-city trips

This study introduces an integrated modeling framework to evaluate long-term national corridor charging infrastructure requirements in the United States to support the growing inter-city charging demand with the rapid growth in the battery electric vehicle (BEV) market. The core model is an optimization model that considers spatial and temporal dimensions and models heterogeneous behaviors between travelers. The model also introduces the travelers’ inconvenience cost function by linking travelers’ acceptance of the charging infrastructure with exogenous technology and social factors. The inconvenience cost function simulates mode choice between BEVs and alternative modes by heterogenous travelers. We applied the framework to assess the inter-regional charging infrastructure requirements for the entire U.S. mainland interstate highway network. We evaluated impacts on the infrastructure design and its public acceptance with changes in policy, technology, and demographic characteristics, and we also quantified the importance of modeling full-scale inter-regional charging infrastructure requirements compared to the conventional regional level analyses.

Prishtina as Part of Main Transport Corridors. The Role of Route 6 And Route 7 for the City

In the region of South-Eastern Europe in the last decade major investments have been done in the field of road transport among other investments, which contributed in the rise of quality for the citizens. These investments of course, influence required standards by the European Union. Kosova , as part of this region, is doing its part to be closer to meeting the standards. After the war (1999) Kosova has made significant investments in road infrastructure in rise of the quality through widening in different sections, financed by international organizations. Kosova has a good geographic position in the Balkan Peninsula through which two international roads pass. Route 6 of East Europe, which starts at Corridor VIII in Skopje, goes through Ferizaj, Prishtina and then separates into two directions: one towards Mitrovica and the other through Peja. Southeast Europe, Route 7 starts in Durres and passes through Morine border and through Prizren, Suhareka, Prishtina, Merdane border, then passes in Serbia and connects with Corridor X. Apart from these two routes that have an international character, Kosova with neighboring countries is connected with national, regional and local roads. Kosova and Albania are linked via three roads, two national roads and a regional road. Kosova connects with Montenegro through two roads, one of them is regional (Vitomerice-Rozhaje). With Serbia it connects through six national roads and with Macedonia it is connected through two national roads, one with destination Skopje and the other with destination Tetovo. Kosova until now has very well dispersed the national and regional road network. The plans of Ministry of Infrastructure until 2025 are defined by the Multimodal Transport Strategy. In this strategy the road projects have come out as a result of the traffic which is surveyed in the road network of Kosova . Route 6 and Route 7 has a big importance for Kosova and especially for Prishtina. Route 6 passes near Prishtina and connects it with Ferizaj and Peja, then it connects Kosova with Corridor VIII in Skopje. Route 7 connects it with Prizren and Podujeva, this road is very important because it links many parts of Albania and Kosova with national Corridor X in Nish of Serbia. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of the Route 6 and Route 7 for Prishtina as a new European capital and the public transport and mobility integration to avoid the issues in the city. Furthermore, it is necessary to create a full meaning of the position of Prishtina in relation with Corridor X and Corridor VIII as part of them in indirect way, but very important for both. Particularly at the end of the paper will be mentioned why the achievement of the quality of these main arteries for Kosova and Prishtina should be started from the lowest level to be integrated in the international network.

The Possibility of Utilising Maximum Capacity of the Double-Track Railway By Using Innovative Traffic Organisation

Abstract This paper will analyse the existing capacity of the double-track railway line M104 Novska – Vinkovci – Tovarnik – State Border – (Sid), located along the RH1 national corridor in Croatia. Upon the analysis, the paper proposes a new and innovative way or organising railway traffic on the line, which is a reflection of the maximum capacity utilisation regardless of the train transport route. Before using the proposed organisation, the track must be fitted with the modern signal and safety system which ensures traffic along the single track of the double-track railway line in both directions. Furthermore, the paper puts forward the methodology and impact of certain proposed criteria on the new organisation method. A simulation of the proposed organisation, using OpenTrack software, examines the results in terms of justification for using such a concept. The M104 railway serves as a case study for testing the innovation in railway traffic organisation.

Evaluation of roadside service centers. Case study: Zahedan to Khash Road

In the recent century, the excessive and unplanned growth of urbanism and inattention to the proper and correct selection of locations for roadside uses, especially roadside services, have led to the appearance of problems such as lack of spaces for service centers, inappropriate access, and other problems. The strategic location of the city of Zahedan among other cities of Sistan and Baluchistan Province and its connection to the national corridors requires development and growth of transportation industry and improvement of its performance. Some of the utmost important centers that have to be established for this purpose on the roadsides in the required quantities are roadside service and welfare centers. Therefore, in order to maintain and promote the security of the roads in the country, the establishment of such centers requires studies, evaluations and eventually, determination of appropriate and secure locations. In this study, considering the necessity of establishing service and welfare centers on the Zahedan to Khash Road, first, the existing centers were evaluated from the perspectives of passengers, then, by the use of site selection systems, some locations were determined in the high traffic parts of this road. The research methodology in this study is descriptive-analytical which is used in order to analyze the collected data. The research findings show that according to the passengers, the conditions of roadside services on the Zahedan to Khash Road and the existing infrastructures are weak. However, they are satisfied with social and security-related factors. The passengers also stated that these roadside service centers have created job opportunities in the region. They also have been effective in providing security of the roads.

An Agent Based Analysis of Combinatorial Bidding for Spatially Targeted Multi-Objective Environmental Programs

Establishing national corridors have been identified as a policy priority for environmental and biodiversity conservation in many parts of the world. We explore the performance of a combinatorial landscape auction design to establish environmental corridors using an agent based simulation model. This modelling technique is highly flexible in modelling decision making processes involving heterogeneous landholders. Such structures allow landholders the opportunity to submit joint bids and, as such, share in the benefits that synergies across the landscape provide. The contribution of the paper is threefold. First, we compare spatial and non-spatial project selection to observe whether it is possible to achieve corridor outcomes with a non-spatially targeted project selection mechanism? We observe that while a corridor project selection mechanism increases the procurement cost, such selection mechanisms are necessary for spatially targeted objectives. Second, we study the effect of allowing agents to form coalitions and submit joint bids. We find evidence that joint bidding substantially increased procurement costs especially when the agency’s target was to secure environmental corridors. Third, we study the combined effect of off-site synergies and joint bidding. We observe that relative benefits from off-site synergy are higher in spatial targeting programs compared to non-corridor targeting programs.

National corridors for climate change mitigation: managing industrial CO2emissions in France

Planning for the deployment of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), infrastructure must consider numerous uncertainties regarding where and how much CO2 is produced and where captured CO2 can be geologically stored. We used the SimCCS engineering-economic geospatial optimization models to determine the characteristics of CCS deployment in France and corridors for pipelines that are robust to a priori uncertainty in CO2 production from industrial sources and CO2 storage locations. We found a number of stable routes that are robust to these uncertainties, and thus can provide early options for pipeline planning and rights-of-way acquisition.

The Heartland Intermodal Corridor: public private partnerships and the transformation of institutional settings

This paper examines the development process of the Heartland Intermodal Corridor from Norfolk, Virginia to Columbus, Ohio in the United States, opened in September 2010. The aim of the project was to decrease transport costs and increase competitiveness for peripheral regions such as West Virginia by upgrading existing branch lines to double-stack capacity and building new intermodal terminals.The paper develops a theoretical framework for institutional analysis, combining the overall institutional setting with the roles of individual actors confronting a collective action problem. Results suggest that the project represents an observable trend in freight funding policy in the United States, moving away from congressional earmarks which have been criticised in the past for their subjective nature, and towards a more transparent, bid-based system. Findings from the research demonstrate that the institutional setting has been transformed, moving towards a reconciliation between top-down planning approaches and market-driven private sector development. Furthermore, encouragement of multi-state public–private consortia will potentially make it easier to develop national corridors that can support new markets, while generating both public and private benefits.

Exploratory mapping of commuter flows in England and Wales

The paper uses the origin–destination commute data published from the 1991 and 2001 Census to explore the developments in commuting and interaction patterns within England and Wales. Focus is on the geographical variations and a map of commuter flows is presented. Commuting is stretched out along a national corridor from London to Manchester. An important change between 1991 and 2001 is a widening of the corridor that can be explained as the result of the deconcentration of population and jobs in combination with increasing commute distances allowing rural areas to be connected with the jobs and services of the centres in the corridor.

Green Neoliberal Space: The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor

With claims of authoritative environmental knowledge, transnational development agencies are spatially redefining a "sustainable" and "eco-efficient" Central America. In the mid-1990s, the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC) emerged from transnational cooperation on security, trade, and environmental protection. Despite the large size and scope of the MBC, there has been little research on its transnational structure or how it intersects with the Central American Free Trade Agreement and the Puebla-Panama Plan. In this paper I examine national corridors. Nicaraguan portions of the MBC, especially the extensive Atlantic Biological Corridor (ABC), receive the most attention. The MBC has been touted as participatory, but Nicaraguan findings suggest a limited role in decision-making on the part of local governments and impacted populations. Proposed development projects in corridors would more often stimulate resource marketing and future donor lending rather than strengthening biodiversity protection. There is sporadic protection of biodiversity hotspots, but projects are riddled with tensions. As imagined, the MBC may contribute to the intensification of uneven development. Con la políticas del conocimiento ambiental autoritario, las agencias trasnacionales del desarrollo están redefiniendo una Centroamérica "sostenible" y "eco-eficiente." En el medio de la última década, el Corredor Biológico Mesoamericano (CBM) surgió de la cooperación trasnacional de la seguridad, del comercio y de la protección ambiental. Aunque el CBM es una escala grande con cobertura de amplio alcance, ha sido poca la investigación sobre los actores involucrados, la estructura internacional, o la manera en que se interseca con el Tratado de Libre Comercio Centroamericano y el Plan Puebla- Panamá. En este trabajo yo examino los corredores nacionales, especialmente los de Nicaragua. El CBM ha sido publicitado como un proyecto participativo, pero mis conclusiones sugieren un papel limitado en la toma de decisiones por parte de los gobiernos locales y los pueblos impactados en Nicaragua. Los proyectos de desarrollo propuestos dentro de los corredores estimularían el mercadeo de los recursos naturales y los futuros préstamos ajenos más que fortalecer la protección de la biodiversidad. Aunque hay protección esporádica de los "hotspots" de la biodiversidad, dentro de los proyectos existen muchas tensiones. Como lo imaginaron, el CBM podría contribuir a la intensificación del desarrollo desnivelado.

Regeneration of the Forth & Clyde and Union canals, Scotland

The 56 km Forth & Clyde ship canal across Scotland set a new international standard for inland waterways when completed in 1790. Linking Glasgow and the Irish Sea in the west to Falkirk and the North Sea in the east, it was joined in 1822 to Edinburgh by the 50 km Union Canal. But, as traffic moved to rail and then road, the waterway fell into disuse and eventually closed in the 1960s—though it soon became apparent that reopening it for recreational use was vital to regenerating this strategic national corridor. With National Lottery funding, the £78 million Millennium Link scheme—including a spectacular rotating boat lift at Falkirk—is at last underway and set for completion in 2001. This paper reports on the historical, planning and environmental aspects of this landmark regeneration project.