National Committee Research Articles

Pelecehan Seksual dalam Dunia Maya : Studi Kasus Terhadap Penggunaan Media Sosial

The objective of this research is to identify the factors causing sexual harassment on social media and its impact on gender, as well as to analyze the number of sexual harassment cases that occurred in 2020. The methodology employed in this study involves data analysis from partner institutions of the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) and the Service and Referral Unit (UPR) of Komnas Perempuan. The data encompasses the quantity of sexual harassment cases on social media and cases of violence against women in general. The research findings indicate a significant decrease in the number of sexual harassment cases on social media in 2020, with only 120 institutions returning questionnaires, down from 239 institutions the previous year. However, there is an increase in overall cases of violence against women, with 8,234 cases handled by the partner institutions of Komnas Perempuan. From this study, it can be concluded that despite the decline in the number of sexual harassment cases on social media, cases of violence against women in general continue to rise. This suggests that sexual harassment on social media and violence against women are issues that need continuous identification and serious attention.

Starting a New Revolution in Nursing.

The onset of COVID-19 and the murder of George Floyd shed light on social justice inequities, disparities in health care and the continuing rise of racism within society. Studies conducted by the American Nurses Foundation also revealed acts of racism within the nursing profession. The creation of the National Commission to Address Racism in Nursing and the American Nurses Association's issuance of an apology through its Racial Reckoning work have begun a revolution within the nursing profession to address this phenomenon. This commentary will provide a brief overview of collaborative initiatives currently underway and address ways in which nurses can do their part to obliterate racism from the nursing profession.

Development of Somaliland national harmonised medical curriculum

Background and objectives The rational for the Somaliland national harmonised curriculum (NHC) was driven by shared concern about the quality of medical education. Process The Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Health Development produced a Medical Education Policy 2018. Policy objectives included the development of the NHC and accreditation for medical schools that met the standards of the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME). Two bodies were asked to oversee these aims: the National Health Professions’ Commission (NHPC) and the National Commission of Higher Education (NCHE). Between 2018 and 2020, a collaborative approach between the Somaliland government, medical school stakeholders, King’s Global Health Partnership’s (KGHP) volunteers and the Tropical Health Education Trust (THET) team was used to design the 6-years NHC. The NHC structure, content and delivery were grounded by WFME standards, health needs of the local population, student focused and active learning methods, and feasibility of implementation in medical schools. Outcomes The NHC comprises details about the educational outcomes, curriculum model and framework, educational principles, instructional and learning methods, core as well as optional content, and assessment strategy. Conclusions The approach used to develop the NHC ensured it is bespoken for Somaliland. Ongoing evaluation of patient and population needs, each medical school’s review of programme implementation and outcomes will inform continuous revision and renewal.

Implikasi Pembelajaran Ahlusunnah Wal Jama’ah Terhadap Penguatan Moderasi Beragama

The research aims to understand the alignment and the impact resulting from the study and deepening of Aswaja on the development of religious moderation. The method used is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive approach. The research findings reveal that Aswaja has four principles to adhere to: tawasuth, tawazun, tasamuh, and tawazun. Meanwhile, religious moderation encompasses nine principles: humanity, public welfare, justice, balance, constitutional compliance, national commitment, tolerance, anti-violence, and respect for traditions. The implications of studying Aswaja for religious moderation are significant. Tawasuth fosters inclusivity, dialogue, and a deep understanding of religion. Tawazun emphasizes balance, prevents extremism, and promotes tolerance. Tasamuh supports the acceptance of differences, rejects radicalism, and creates harmony. I'tidal enables a profound understanding of religion and the preservation of justice. Aswaja education prioritizes attitudes that empower individuals to actively contribute to building an inclusive, tolerant, and just society, in line with moderate religious principles. As a result, these attitudes have a significant positive impact on the development of religious moderation.

Performance of Public Health Extension Officers in Health Promotion Practices at District Health Services

The criteria for determining mandatory authority in the health sector are that it is a service, high priority because it protects people's rights, protects national interests, is a national commitment and is the main cause of death and morbidity, is measurable and carried out continuously and the minimum service standards set by the health service have not been achieved. district, because the performance of public health officers is still lacking in providing education to the community. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the performance of public health workers in health promotion practices at the District Health Service. This research uses an explanatory study method with a cross sectional approach. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews and observations with a sample size of 87 officers. The results of the research show that the performance of public health extension officers in health promotion practices at the Sidrap District Health Service is poor, namely 56.3% and only 43.7% have good performance. The variable that is directly related to the performance of public health extension officers is level of education, training, knowledge, skills and leadership. The variable that most influences the performance of public health extension officers is education level.

Feeding the World: How Tariff and Quota Policies Influence Global Food Sales Volumes-An Indonesian Perspective

This research seeks to assess the impact of Indonesia's tariff and quota policies on global food trade. It uses the Systematic Literature Review technique to thoroughly analyse the impact of various trade policies on market dynamics, with a particular focus on economic, social and environmental dimensions. The results emphasise Indonesia's important position in the world food market, providing valuable insights into the complex relationship between national priorities and international trade responsibilities. It highlights the importance of these rules in influencing global trade tactics, providing crucial insights for policymakers, economists, and business executives. This extensive analysis examines Indonesia's strategic impact and the wider consequences of its policies on global food security and market stability. The research implications are an important reference for understanding the complex dynamics of global market forces, focusing on the delicate balance between national policymaking and international trade commitments.

Optimization of Rice Distribution Network Based on Green Logistics Concept

SDGs or Sustainable Development Goals have become a global and national commitment. Greenhouse gases (GHG) are indicators of climate change which is one of the 17 SDG’s goals. In the national food logistics system with rice as a staple food, there are some regions with surplus production and other deficits. Hence, the distribution involved the transportation activities that need to be carried out. In transportation, the carbon footprints are generated from exhaust gases as residue from the fuel combustion process. The carbon footprint efficiency is one of the indicators in green logistics. Green logistics for decarbonization in the transportation sector for a better environment has to start massively. Indonesia is committed to implementing the green logistics concept in logistics distribution. In this case, the author determined the surplus area and the deficit one based on statistical data on the production and consumption of each city in Java. Furthermore, a distribution network model is designed that involves emission level as a parameter in determining the route on the network. In the design, the selected mode of freight transportation was limited to land transportation modes besides trains. The design makes environmental aspects a major consideration in the distribution as well as the shipping costs.
 Keywords: carbon footprint, emission factor, green logistics

Посвящается памяти В.А. Брискмана

Vladimir Abramovich Briskman (1937–2001), PhD in Physics and Mathematics, the author of many scientific papers and monographs, was the Head of the Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Stability (from 1970 to 2001) at the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was the Member of the Russian National Committee for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, the Member of the Space Council of RAS and the Council for New Materials of the Russian Space Agency, the Fellow of the European Society of Mechanics (EuroMech), the European Space Explorers Association (ELGRA), and the Member of Committee on New Materials of the International Academy of Astronautics.

The role of community engagement toward ensuring healthy lives: a case study of COVID-19 management in two Ghanaian municipalities.

Community engagement is one of the important requirements for strengthening health delivery in communities in a bid to achieve sustainable development goal 3, target 3.3 (SDG 3.3). The World Health Organization has strongly encouraged the use the five levels of community engagement, which are informing, consulting, planning, collaborating, and empowering communities in order to build resilience and to enable them contribute to the fight against diseases and for the uptake of health interventions. This study sought to explore and describe from the view of government institutions in Ghana how they engaged communities in COVID- 19 management and vaccine acceptance and how the communities within two municipalities also perceived the engagement process as well as the lessons that can be learned in engaging communities to deal with other health challenges and interventions toward the attainment of SDG 3 target 3.3. This case study qualitative research project employed in-depth interviews among 36 respondents composed of government officials (the Ghana Health Service (GHS), the Information Services Department (ISD), the National Commission on Civic Education (NCCE) and two Municipal Assemblies), and community leaders and 10 focus group discussions among 87 men and women most of whom were natives and some migrants in two administrative municipalities in Ghana. Data were collected from June to September 2021. Audio interviews were transcribed and uploaded to Nvivo 12 to support triangulation, coding, and thematic analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Health and Allied Sciences' Research Ethics Committee and all COVID-19 restrictions were observed. The findings revealed that all the four government institutions educated and informed the communities within their municipalities on COVID-19 management and vaccine acceptance. However, the Ghana Health Service was the most effective in the engagement spectrum of the other four; consulting, involving, collaborating, and empowering communities in the process of COVID-19 management and vaccine acceptance. The GHS achieved that through its CHPS program, which ensured a decentralized health service provision system with multiple programs and leveraging on its multiple programs to reach out to the communities. Government institutions such as the NCCE and the ISD faced challenges such as limited funding and support from the government to be able to carry out their tasks. Additionally, they were not involved with the communities prior to the pandemic and for that matter, they did not have access to community systems such as committees, and existing groups to facilitate the engagement process. Using communities to support Ghana's attainment of the SDG 3 target 3.3 is possible; however, the government needs to provide funds and resources to the institutions responsible to enable them to carry out community engagement effectively. Also, promoting decentralization among institutions can strengthen community engagement processes. It is important that state institutions continue to strategize to empower communities in order to promote their participation in healthcare interventions and in the fight against infectious diseases in Ghana.

Methodology for Assessing Procurement Systems: the Case of Public Procurement Bid Disputes Management in KenyaP.

Purpose: This study sought to assess the efficacy of bid disputes management mechanism in Kenya. Theoretical Framework: Transparency in public procurement proceedings is a concern for most stakeholders. Allowing aggrieved bidders to challenge decisions of procuring entities is considered a critical development in the space of public procurement. The effectiveness and efficiency of bid disputes management mechanism should therefore be a concern for procuring entities, bidders, and development partners especially. This aspect is yet to be explored extensively in Africa. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Methodology for Assessing Procurement Systems (MAPS) as propagated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) helps evaluate the quality of public procurement systems and subsequently strategize on necessary reforms. This study applied MAPS to assess the efficacy of the bid disputes management mechanism in Kenya. Findings: It was established that overall, the public procurement bid dispute management mechanism in Kenya was effective and efficient. However, shortcomings were noted concerning resourcing of Public Procurement Administrative Review Board (PPARB), unaffordable filing fees and accessibility of comprehensive, simple, and clear information on filing procedures. Research, Practical and Social Implications: The findings of this study offer policy recommendations that will help promote effective and efficient management of public procurement bid disputes. Originality/Value: The results of this study contribute to theory, practice and literature in the field of public procurement which is less researched in the Eastern Africa Region. The findings of the study can be replicated in countries that have based their procurement reforms on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Public Procurement. It is to be appreciated that application of MAPS indicators allows for subjective judgments by the assessor.

Methodology for Assessing Procurement Systems: the Case of Public Procurement Bid Disputes Management in KenyaP.

Purpose: This study sought to assess the efficacy of bid disputes management mechanism in Kenya. Theoretical Framework: Transparency in public procurement proceedings is a concern for most stakeholders. Allowing aggrieved bidders to challenge decisions of procuring entities is considered a critical development in the space of public procurement. The effectiveness and efficiency of bid disputes management mechanism should therefore be a concern for procuring entities, bidders, and development partners especially. This aspect is yet to be explored extensively in Africa. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Methodology for Assessing Procurement Systems (MAPS) as propagated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) helps evaluate the quality of public procurement systems and subsequently strategize on necessary reforms. This study applied MAPS to assess the efficacy of the bid disputes management mechanism in Kenya. Findings: It was established that overall, the public procurement bid dispute management mechanism in Kenya was effective and efficient. However, shortcomings were noted concerning resourcing of Public Procurement Administrative Review Board (PPARB), unaffordable filing fees and accessibility of comprehensive, simple, and clear information on filing procedures. Research, Practical and Social Implications: The findings of this study offer policy recommendations that will help promote effective and efficient management of public procurement bid disputes. Originality/Value: The results of this study contribute to theory, practice and literature in the field of public procurement which is less researched in the Eastern Africa Region. The findings of the study can be replicated in countries that have based their procurement reforms on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Public Procurement. It is to be appreciated that application of MAPS indicators allows for subjective judgments by the assessor.

Transparansi dalam Tata Kelola Perusahaan Air Minum Daerah di Kabupaten Minahasa

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the principle of Transparency in the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) of Minahasa Regency whether it is in accordance with Government Regulation Number 54 of 2017 article 92 concerning Good Corporate Governance based on the GCG policy instrument by the National Committee on Governance Policy in 2006. The research method uses a type of descriptive qualitative research, and data collection techniques: interviews, observation, and documentation. In-depth interviews were conducted with logical questions based on guidelines, interviews were conducted with strong intimacy, and researchers appreciated the value of interviews as a data collection tool. Data analysis techniques: qualitative data analysis with data reduction, presentation, and data verification. The results of the research show that transparency is not optimal. Recommendations for Regional Heads as Capital Owners (KPM) and PDAM Management Transparency need to be optimized by maximizing the right technology and policies.

Muhammadiyah dan Islam Wasathyah: Kajian tentang Agency Moderasi beragama melalui Sekolah Muhammadiyah

Muhammadiyah and wasathiyyah Islam are actually two things that cannot be separated because Muhammadiyah is an Islamic organization in Indonesia which has a mission of preaching amar ma'ruf nahi ungkar with an Islamic wasathiyyah approach. This research aims to examine in more depth using a literature approach the role of Muhammadiyah in strengthening religious moderation. The results of this research show that Muhammadiyah is an ideological group that represents Islamic groups in maintaining religious moderation as a national and state commitment. Has Tawassuth's commitment and principles, positions it as a moderate group, maintains balance and is consistent. Muhammadiyah makes Muhammadiyah schools as religious moderation agencies. Religious moderation in Muhammadiyah schools is carried out firstly, the religious da'wah model which is used as a space to implement religious moderation in this section consists of cult activities and religious lectures. Kultum or seven-minute lectures are a means of teaching religious moderation to students. Apart from religious lectures, secondly, Muhammadiyah schools also carry out social and religious activities

The Shortfalls of Mental Health Compartment Models: A Call to Improve Mental Health Investment Cases in Developing Countries

ObjectivesThere are irregularities in investment cases generated by the Mental Health Compartment Model. We discuss these irregularities and highlight the costing techniques that may be introduced to improve mental health investment cases. MethodsThis analysis uses data from the World Bank, the World Health Organisation Mental Health Compartment Model, the United Nations Development Program, the Kenya Ministry of Health, and Statistics from the Kenyan National Commission of Human Rights. ResultsWe demonstrate that the Mental Health Compartment Model produces irrelevant outcomes that are not helpful for clinical settings. The model inflated the productivity gains generated from mental health investment. In some cases, the model underestimated the economic costs of mental health. Such limitation renders the investment cases poor in providing valuable intervention points from the perspectives of both the users and the providers. ConclusionThere is a need for further calibration and validation of the investment case outcomes. The current estimated results cannot be used to guide service provision, research, and mental health programming comprehensively.

An evaluation of the impact of academic accreditation on the quality of higher education: lessons learnt from the academics’ perceptions

ABSTRACT Research demonstrates that attempts to improve the quality of education in higher education institutions (HEIs) through external quality assurance (EQA) systems have not always produced the expected results due to the complex nature of education and scepticism regarding the applicability of EQA systems to education. It frequently resulted in escalating tensions and distrust between academics and policymakers. The 2004 implementation of accreditation by the National Commission for Accreditation and Assessment (NCAAA) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) intended to improve the education of HEIs and ensure the application of high standards. This mixed-methods research study aims to evaluate the impact of academic accreditation in KSA after nearly two decades of implementation. We collected quantitative data from participants at ten accredited universities using two self-designed Likert-scale surveys based on the NCAAA accreditation standards and ten semi-structured interviews for the qualitative data. The results indicate significant improvements but highlight some imperfections and contradictions that make it essential to ascertain our findings cautiously. This study demonstrates the value of qualitative data to better evaluate the effectiveness of EQA instead of a single quantitative approach.

Effectiveness of Hypertension Management Strategies in SPRINT-Eligible US Adults: ASimulation Study.

Despite reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and death in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), intensive systolic blood pressure goals have not been adopted in the United States. This study aimed to simulate the potential long-term impact of 4 hypertension management strategies in SPRINT-eligible US adults. The validated Blood Pressure Control-Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model, a discrete event simulation of hypertension care processes (ie, visit frequency, blood pressure [BP] measurement accuracy, medication intensification, and medication adherence) and CVD outcomes, was populated with 25 000 SPRINT-eligible US adults. Four hypertension management strategies were simulated: (1) usual care targeting BP <140/90 mm Hg (Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure usual care), (2) intensive care per the SPRINT protocol targeting BP <120/90 mm Hg (SPRINT intensive), (3) usual care targeting guideline-recommended BP <130/80 mm Hg (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association usual care), and (4) team-based care added to usual care and targeting BP <130/80 mm Hg. Relative to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure usual care, among the 18.1 million SPRINT-eligible US adults, an estimated 138 100 total CVD events could be prevented per year with SPRINT intensive, 33 900 with American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association usual care, and 89 100 with team-based care. Compared with the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure usual care, SPRINT intensive care was projected to increase treatment-related serious adverse events by 77 600 per year, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association usual care by 33 300, and team-based care by 27 200. As BP control has declined in recent years, health systems must prioritize hypertension management and invest in effective strategies. Adding team-based care to usual care may be a pragmatic way to manage risk in this high-CVD-risk population.

Excess tuberculosis risk during and following incarceration in Paraguay: a retrospective cohort study

The increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) among people deprived of liberty (PDL) is due to individual and institution-level factors. We followed a cohort of PDL from 5 prisons in Paraguay to describe the risk of TB during incarceration and after they were released. We linked a 2013 national census of prisons with TB records from the TB Program from 2010 to 2021 to identify TB notifications among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals. We used multivariable Cox regression models to quantify the risk of TB during and following incarceration and to identify risk factors associated with TB. Among 2996 individuals incarcerated, 451 (15.1%) were diagnosed with TB. Of these, 262 (58.1%) cases occurred during incarceration and 189 (41.9%) occurred in the community after release. In prison, the hazard ratio of developing TB was 1.97 (95% CI: 1.52-2.61) after six months of incarceration and increased to 2.78 (95% CI: 1.82-4.24) after 36 months compared with the first six months. The overall TB notification rate was 2940 per 100,000 person-years. This rate increased with the duration of incarceration from 1335 per 100,000 person-years in the first year to 8455 per 100,000 person-years after 8 years. Among former prisoners, the rate of TB decreased from 1717 in the first year after release to 593 per 100000 person-years after 8 years of follow up. Our study shows the alarming risk of TB associated with prison environments in Paraguay, and how this risk persists for years following incarceration. Effective TB control measures to protect the health of people during and following incarceration are urgently needed. Paraguay National Commission of Science and Technology grant CONACYT PIN 15-705 (GS, GES, SA).

Land Distribution in German and Mennonite Colonies During the NEP Period. Expectations and Reality

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the Soviet authorities and the German, as well as Mennonite communities, regarding land issues during the NEP period. It is based on the analysis of the official reports, memoirs and documents. The author studies the complex relationships between the central government, the regional level of authorities (provincial and district) and Mennonites. The land distribution in Mennonite colonies, as well as the cause and-effects of the process are analyzed. In the whirlwind of the internal and foreign political processes, the newly created Soviet state found itself on the edge of socio- economic conflicts. In order to solve urgent economic issues and curb mob violence, a number of economic reforms were adopted, which are known in history as the New Economic Policy. Most of the projects of the Soviet government were based on communist ideology at the initial stage. Those advanced farms’ lands, which used to belong to the Mennonites and Germans, were redistributed. Unemployed / recent employed people who had received some land, were not skilled and did not have a knack for agriculture. Therefore, they gradually abandoned their lands. That strategy undermined the land system and, as a result, became another pushing motivation for emigration and agricultural problems in the countryside. As a result of the Bolshevik government’s land program, the Mennonite community became embroiled in complex multilevel problems: a) intra- community land tensions caused by demographic processes and the resettlement of fellow refugees from starving regions of Soviet Russia to the colonies; b) conflicts with the population of neighboring villages and poor peasant committees, which often forced the issue of redistribution of Mennonite lands in their favor; c) failure of provincial and district executive committees to enforce resolutions of the supreme power to settle the land issue of the Mennonite community; d) ineffectiveness of the national minority committee; e) the perception by some Mennonites of new communist ideas – social equality. These reasons became important pushing factors for а large-scale wave of emigration of this ethno- confessional group to North America.

Impact of the PCMH model on post-stroke healthcare utilization

The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model has aimed to enhance chronic care in a primary care setting where providers are expected to provide timely post-discharge follow-up and decrease potentially preventable hospital readmissions through coordinated disease management. The study examined PCMH and other (risk) factors associated with 30-day unplanned readmission as well as 7- and 28-day follow-up visit with primary care providers (PCPs). We identified 8424 New York State Medicaid patients having initial stroke discharges during 2016–2018 from the Medicaid claims database and Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. A patient was in the PCMH group if the attributed provider had a valid National Committee for Quality Assurance PCMH recognition upon patient’s discharge. Cox regression and competing risk analyses were used to estimate the hazard ratios of readmissions and follow-up visits between PCMH and non-PCMH groups. The PCMH group had slightly but not statistically significant lower all-cause and recurrent stroke unplanned readmission rates. While the general follow-up rates between the two groups are similar, the PCMH group had significantly higher rates of stroke-specific 7-day (HR = 1.27, P < 0.01) and 28-day follow-up visits (HR = 1.22, P < 0.01). PCPs play an essential role in post stroke care. Our findings show a significantly higher rate of stroke-specific follow-up visits and a trend towards lower readmissions among patients in the PCMH group. The intervals between stroke discharge and follow-up visit time in our study population were generally greater than the recommended timeframe. We recommend the PCMH care model to improve patients’ primary care follow-up and prevent potential readmissions.

ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS (PESANTREN) INNOVATION IN PREVENTING VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT: CASE STUDY IN THE SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

In Indonesia, in addition to formal education, informal education is also known as pesantren. Pesantren is a place where people studyIslam, explore the Qur’an and Sunnah of the Prophet and other worship. In addition to studying religious knowledge, it is notuncommon for pesantren to have collaborated with formal education. In Indonesia, pesantren is the choice for the community for theprovision of educational services. Resident students are one of the main characteristics of pesantren. Unfortunately, this characteristicturns out to be the main cause of several cases of violence and sexual harassment in pesantren. The Indonesian National Commission for Women noted that during 2017-2021 there were 16 cases of sexual violence in pesantren. Meanwhile, BBC News reported that in early 2023 at least 4 cases had been revealed. This condition is very sad and makes pesantren have to improve themselves. How do pesantren innovate to prevent sexual violence and harassment? This study used a qualitative approach, data collection using literature study and deep interview techniques. In-depth interviews were conducted with 3 managers of large pesantren in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were analysed through descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of the analysis show that to prevent violence and sexual harassment in pesantren, strengthening the joint commitment to protect each other between students, caregivers and managers is the main thing in the management of a pesantren.