National Classification Of Economic Activities Research Articles

Socioeconomic and demographic profile of occupational morbidity and mortality in Brazil from 2009 to 2016.

Introduction:Occupational accidents occur as a result of work, and can lead to bodily harm or functional impairments that lead to death, or to the reduction or loss of working capacity. Occupational accidents are associated with two possible outcomes: morbidity or mortality. Morbidity refers to the subset of a population that develops an illness over a given period of time, while mortality refers to the number of individuals who die over a specified time period.Objectives:To assess occupational morbidity and mortality in Brazil in the period of 2009 to 2016.Methods:An ecological study was conducted based on secondary data collected from incident records in the Social Security database.Results:The outcomes of all occupational accidents reported in Brazil from 2009 to 2016 were extracted from the database. These data were then classified by geographical region and category in the National Classification of Economic Activities (Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas), so as to calculate the prevalence of each outcome and the accident mortality rates, and compare these values across regions and occupational categories.Conclusions:The data show that the outcomes of occupational accidents are directly associated with socioeconomic sectors and the sociocultural characteristics of different regions in the country. These results make an important contribution to the characterization of occupational morbidity and mortality in Brazil.

The food environment in school’s vicinities of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Abstract The school environment plays an important role in the eating patterns of students. The quality of food available in the school vicinities can influence the health and diet outcomes of this population. The study aims to analyze the food environment in the school vicinity of the city of Sao Paulo, focusing on stores selling ultra-processed products. The association between presence and characteristics of schools and density of stores will be investigated. Schools information was obtained from the 2016 School Census, provided by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP). The 2016 Annual Social Information List (RAIS) database was used to characterize the school vicinity. Eleven types of stores selling ultra-processed products were identified through the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE). Initially, schools and stores were georeferenced by the Postal Address Code in the city street map; this information was attached to the Human Development Units (UDH). Descriptive analyzes (absolute numbers and density per 10.000 inhabitants) were carried out to investigate the distribution of food stores by each category of Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM) present in the city. The influence of the schools on the presence of stores was verified by comparing stores densities in areas with and without schools, considering IDHM categories. The results show that food stores densities are smaller in areas with lower IDHM (8.79/10.000 inhabitants) and bigger in areas with higher IDHM (79.19/10.000 inhabitants). Comparing areas with and without schools, areas with schools present higher food stores densities in every category of IDHM. Furthermore, the study results are relevant and necessary to fill gaps in current literature and may support the formulation of recommendations and intervention proposals for promoting healthy food environments for children and adolescents. Key messages The results assist in the understanding of how different determinants can modulate food choices and practices of children and adolescents. Food environments investigations and monitoring provide important subsidies for designing and directing accurate public policies that promote healthier food environments and choices.

Mortes no trabalho

Introdução: Sabe-se que as estatísticas referentes aos indicadores gerais e específicos relacionados ao trabalho e à sua mortalidade são escassos, o que pode ser em decorrência da carência de computação destes dados, pois uma parcela grande de trabalhadores não se enquadra como segurados da previdência social e, portanto, não é incluída nas estatísticas. Este estudo visa a analisar as taxas de morte relacionada ao trabalho por ramo de atividade, verificando em que ramos a morte é mais prevalente de acordo com o CNAE (Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas) e discutir acerca das possíveis causas correlacionadas. Objetivos: Analisar e discutir acerca das principais taxas de morte relacionadas ao trabalho por ramo de atividade, no âmbito previdenciário. Método: revisão literária na base de dados Scielo nos meses de outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2019 e análise do Anuário Estatístico de Acidentes do Trabalho de 2017. Resultados: obtém-se, para o ano de 2015, 3,9% de mortalidade. Em 2016, houve leve redução, com 3,7%. Dentre os CNAE com maior mortalidade, no ano de 2015, temos 1.071 (34 mortes), 4.120 (107 mortes), 4.711 (45 mortes), 4.744 (46 mortes), 4.930 (301 mortes), 8.011 (62 mortes). Conclusão: as mortes em decorrência do trabalho mostram maiores índices entre os ramos de Transporte Rodoviário, Construção Civil e Atividades de Vigilância, Segurança e Investigação. Fatores como violência no trânsito e urbana podem ser causas que contribuem diretamente para estes números.

Employment of doctors of veterinary medicine from 2010 - 2019

The employment of veterinarians is an indicator of economic development and of the quality of the relationship between humans and nature. Several authors have published reports on the employment of veterinarians. This paper examines the trends in unemployment and employment of veterinarians according to the records of the Croatian Employment Service (CES) in the period from 2010 to 2019. The CES is a public institution of the Republic of Croatia established under the Labour Market Act (Official Gazette 118/18) that plays a key role in regulating supply and demand on the labour market of the Republic of Croatia. The average number of employed veterinarians was higher than the average number of veterinarians registered in the CES records. An average of 181 veterinarians were sought annually, 160 were employed and 143 were registered, indicating that demand surpassed supply. Veterinarians were recruited faster than the average person with a college degree, within 180 days, and very few were in longterm unemployment. Most were employed in the category of young people (up to 30 years of age), and most were employed without any previous work experience. More women than men were employed. Most veterinarians were employed in the City of Zagreb, which reflects the relatively low livestock production and depopulation of rural areas, as the traditionally main and safest source of employment for veterinarians. According to the National Classification of Economic Activities (NKD), veterinarians were employed in almost all groups of activities, allowing for greater employment flexibility and mobility on the labour market. According to the National Classification of Occupations (NKZ), on the other hand, most veterinarians were employed in group 2 (experts and scientists), likely since veterinary medicine is a regulated profession. This also means that several were employed under their qualification levels. The employment of veterinarians was relatively better than for other university-educated workers, due to the relatively higher number of registered vacancies. The regression equation showed that the number of jobs offered to veterinarians in the observed period increased by slightly more than 9 jobs per year, indicating a possible increase in demand for veterinarians in the future. The same trend is seen in the projection of future trends in the labour market, which predicted an increase in the number of employed veterinarians in the period from 2014 to 2020, as well as an increase in the number of retirements. The data imply that it is necessary to increase the number of veterinarians, but also to raise their competencies to meet the increased competition on the European and global labour markets.

Oferta e Demanda de Capacitação para Serviços Empresariais Intensivos em Conhecimento no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Os Serviços Empresariais Intensivos em Conhecimento (Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) envolvem atividades econômicas que têm como objetivo a criação, acumulação ou disseminação de conhecimento, podendo contribuir significativamente para a geração de valor, devido ao seu potencial inovador. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico das concentrações econômicas de KIBS no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e da oferta de capacitação nestas atividades nas diferentes regiões para refletir de que forma estes serviços podem contribuir o desenvolvimento de inovações no Estado. A metodologia da pesquisa se estruturou em cinco etapas: 1) revisão bibliográfica sobre KIBS através de pesquisa no Portal de Periódicos CAPES; 2) seleção dos segmentos mais importantes destes serviços para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro usando a Classificação Nacional das Atividades Econômicas (CNAE/IBGE); 3) Cálculo, para cada um destes segmentos dos Quocientes Locacionais para todos os municípios do Estado a fim de identificar as demandas por capacitação; 4) Mapeamento das ofertas de capacitação em cursos de nível técnico, superior e pós-graduação lato e stricto senso para os segmentos que se mostraram relevantes no Estado; 5) cruzamento entre oferta e demanda para identificação dos munícipios onde há potencial de desenvolvimento destes serviços no ERJ. Os resultados sugerem que grande parte da oferta e demanda de capacitação por KIBS no ERJ está concentrada na sua região metropolitana, o que impõe limites à contribuição destes serviços para o desenvolvimento de atividades de inovação em outras regiões.

Modelos productivos y de financiación de los agentes productores de contenidos audiovisuales en Castilla y León: Un estudio exploratorio del tejido empresarial en la región.

El sector de la comunicación audiovisual se ha visto sometido a cambios fundamentales como consecuencia de las transformaciones tecnológicas. La llegada del paradigma digital y la convergencia mediática ha dado lugar a fenómenos que van desde la disolución de las barreras geográficas a la multiplicación de los modos de producción. El artículo que se presenta busca indagar sobre los efectos de todos estos cambios en el sector de la producción audiovisual en Castilla y León. Su principal objetivo es llevar a cabo un análisis del desarrollo de los modelos de negocio en el sector y para ello, la investigación utiliza la propuesta de Clasificación Nacional de Actividades Económicas (CNAE-2009); actualizar el censo de empresas de producción audiovisual en Castilla y León a 2018; identificar el modelo productivo y de financiación de la industria; y, por último, establecer una aproximación al nivel de internacionalización del sector. La metodología empleada comprende, en primer lugar, un cuestionario autoadministrado a las empresas del sector realizada a través de la plataforma Qualtrics y en segundo lugar, un focus group con algunos representantes de los agentes productores y distribuidores de la comunidad autónoma. Las conclusiones del estudio muestran, en términos de facturación, tanto la retracción general del consumo privado como del gasto público en los últimos años, y el pequeño tamaño de la práctica totalidad de los actores de la región. La falta de asociacionismo entre los diferentes agentes del sector es también un hecho contrastable, así como las limitaciones en términos de internacionalización. Por otra parte, se identifican dos problemas importantes que inciden en la falta de desarrollo del sector productivo en la región: la primera hace referencia a un déficit histórico que la Comunidad Autónoma ha ido acumulando con el sector en términos del compromiso con la producción audiovisual de la región y la segunda a una falta clara de apuesta por la I+D+I en este sector productivo.

Measuring the Efficiency of Tax Collection among Economic Sectors in Paraíba State Northeastern Brazil (2013-2015)

This study investigates the efficiency of tax collection on operations related to the circulation of goods and interstate services (ICMS) in far east of Brazil, Paraíba State. The efficiency was estimated using quarterly data of the electronic invoices from the period of January 2013 to December 2015. In addition, we aim to identify levy’s key factors among distinct sectors, disaggregated into 489 sub-classes, according to the national classification of economic activities. It was used a stochastic frontier analysis which suggests that the average of the technical efficiency of the tax collection among sectors was 73.75% of the potential tax revenues. The amount of uncollected tax during the studied period were approximately US$7 billion. There is technical inefficiency of tax levy among important sectors of the economy of the state of Paraíba, demonstrated by 88.88% of inefficiency of tax collection itself. The sector comprehends clothing, wholesale of personal care products and leather shoes, among others. We verify that an increase of oversight actions by the tax collection agency helps to inhibit the inefficiency of tax levy.

The Impact of the Market Concentration Ratio on the Productivity Romanian chemical industry

In this article we enlarge upon the market concentration ratio of all the companies in the chemical industry (divided into 16 areas of activity, according to the NACE code: The National Classification of Economic Activities), but also of the most important 50 companies in this sector, depending on the turnover. Throughout the paper, we deal with the correlation between the market concentration and profitability, determined by taking into consideration the net profit, ROA, ROE and the profit margin. The research results point to the existence of a weak correlation between the concentration ratio as an independent variable, and ROA and the profit margin as dependent variables. However, the correlation is direct and strong if connected to the net profit and ROE. For these two variables, there are patters of linear regression that have been brought together.

Análisis de las consecuencias de la crisis económica en el sector de la prensa: el caso del País Vasco

En este artículo se evalúa el impacto de la crisis económica en el sector de la prensa y los medios informativos en la CAPV. Para ello, en primer lugar se presenta una definición ad-hoc del sector utilizando la Clasificación Nacional de Actividades Económicas (CNAE-2009), lo que permite emplear fuentes de información estadísticas poco utilizadas para analizar el sector y sirve para poner de relieve la especial incidencia de la crisis sobre los centros de trabajo de menor tamaño. En el estudio también se aborda el desigual efecto de la crisis sobre el negocio de las diferentes ramas de actividad (prensa, radio, TV y agencias de noticias), y se evidencia la heterogeneidad de un tejido empresarial regional en el que no hay presencia de grandes conglomerados multimedia

Characterisation of the Manufacturing Sectors of High and Medium-High Technology Compared with Other Industrial Sectors

This study aims to identify the main characteristics of the activities concentrating on R&D and innovation in the industrial sector of high and medium-high technology, and also the main differences with regard to non technological sectors. In order to do so we use data on 1540 manufacturing companies in Spain in two subgroups according to the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE). The data correspond to the values of 44 variables organised into 5 blocks of activity that have to do with R&D and innovation. The study includes an exploratory-descriptive analysis with the aim of providing information, and evidence of the outstanding characteristics of sectors with more technological components compared with other industrial manufacturing sectors. Although the study refers to Spanish companies, a large proportion of the results are easily transferrable to similar socioeconomic environments.

An empirical analysis of technology absorption capacity of the Brazilian industry

This article presents and discusses empirical evidence on external technology absorption facilitated by activities performed inside firms. Indicators of internal and external learning are developed and applied in statistical causality models, to distinguish possible ways in which technology can be absorbed. Industrial activity sectors at the three-digit level of the National Classification of Economic Activities (nace) are the basic reference units of the research, which uses the information generated by Brazil’s Survey of Technological Innovation (pintec). The results show that in-house research and development (r&d) is the main source of technology absorption, followed by the knowledge generated from the “learning by doing” and “training practices”.

LOCALIZAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS DE LOGÍSTICA NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: UM ESTUDO DAS AGLOMERAÇÕES E SEUS FATORES CONDICIONANTES

Diferentemente de estudos de aglomerações econômicas que se concentraram em aglomerados industriais, este estudo explora a aglomeração de serviços, especificamente de atividades de logística, localizadas no Estado de São Paulo. A abordagem de pesquisa é q

Territorial Imbalances in the Distribution of Creative Industries in the North-Eastern Development Region

This study aims to identify and analyse within territorial profile all the activities in the creative industry, an industry that increasingly tends to emerge in post-revolutionary Romania too. Another important element of the study is their territorial distribution in the North-Eastern Region and a set of recommendations for each relevant aspect, given that this region presents a low development level. The ultimate objective of the study is to draw specific recommendations for each of these poles of creativity in the North Eastern Region. The recommendations were developed individually depending on each one's specificity. To correctly identify and target these specific aspects, a detailed analysis was conceived on codes according to the National Classification of Economic Activities following certain indicators: the evolution of the number of firms, the evolution of the turnover, profit evolution, evolution of the number of employees. Latter analysis was performed evolutionary, between 2001-2011.

Emprego feminino na produção canavieira do Estado de São Paulo - 2000/2010

The feminist movements’ struggle for equal rights emphasizes social changes. However, although much has been achieved over the years, the battle for space in the labor market remains a constant challenge for woman. The records on the labor market show the inclusion of women with more vigor in recent years, even in traditionally male professions segmentation. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the profile of women’s jobs in sugarcane production in the state of Sao Paulo. The choice for this state is directly related to the fact that it is the largest producer of sugarcane in the country. To account for the interest of the study, we used data from the List Annual Social Information (RAIS) of the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE). The time frame focuses on the years 2000 and 2010. The main result show absolute and relative increase in female participation in the labor market in all major sectors of economic activity classified by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistic (IBGE), including the cultivation of sugarcane, the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE). Were recorded concentrations of the majority of women in large establishments, with a strong focus for reemployment in sugar. The profile of the female segment in the sugar industry points to a higher incidence of women aged 30-49 years with low education, higher turnover and high concentration in the range of lower wages. Thus, in can be inferred that female participation cultivation of sugarcane in the state of Sao Paulo grew and intensified in the years 2000 and 2010, an increase of the amount that happened to a pari passu insertion regulated from records on the portfolio and the precarious low wage level and the consequent reduction in living conditions.

Analysis of construction accidents in Spain, 2003-2008

IntroductionThe research objective for this paper is to obtain a new extended and updated insight to the likely causes of construction accidents in Spain, in order to identify suitable mitigating actions. MethodThe paper analyzes all construction sector accidents in Spain between 2003 and 2008. Ten variables were chosen and the influence of each variable is evaluated with respect to the severity of the accident. The descriptive analysis is based on a total of 1,163,178 accidents. ResultsResults showed that the severity of accidents was related to variables including age, CNAE (National Classification of Economic Activities) code, size of company, length of service, location of accident, day of the week, days of absence, deviation, injury, and climatic zones. ConclusionsAccording to data analyzed, a large company is not always necessarily safer than a small company in the aspect of fatal accidents, experienced workers do not have the best accident fatality rates, and accidents occurring away from the usual workplace had more severe consequences. Impact on the industryResults obtained in this paper can be used by companies in their occupational safety strategies, and in their safety training programs.

Indústria química, de produtos farmacêuticos e material plástico: impactos na região metropolitana de Londrina-PR

The article has the main objective to verify the development process of the chemical industry, of pharmaceutical products and plastic material in the metropolitan region of Londrina, in particular since the year of 1992. Were used two main indicators: the number of establishments and the persons employed according to IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) classification of industries and subsectors and the more detailed classification of the CNAE (National Classification of Economic Activities). Data were collected in the RAIS (Annual Social Information Report) of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. The conclusion is this branch of industry showed significant growth since the last eighteen years in the region and also is concentrated spatially (in the city of Londrina and the cities of their surroundings), and concentrated in a few great companies. Another feature is the centralization of capital which meant acquisitions and mergers of capital in most major industries.

Application of the continuing value model to small and medium-sized Spanish enterprises

By far, the most widely used enterprise valuation method in business practice is the discounted cash-flow method. Thus, the residual value or continuing value accounts for a significant percentage of the enterprise’s value and will depend on the length of the time horizon.In 2006, Jennergren developed a continuing value model based on one of the methods most commonly used for calculating this value, the Gordon model. The Jennergren model extends the analysis of this model and aims to have it implemented more strictly, taking into account two main parameters, capital expenditures and tax savings due to the depreciation of productive assets. In this study the Jennergren model has been applied to small and medium-sized Spanish enterprises with turnover ranging from 2 to 50 million euros over the period 2005–2008. These enterprises have also been differentiated by industry, using the Spanish NCAE classification (National Classification of Economic Activities). The information used was taken from the SABI (Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System) database.The resulting economic lives of the productive assets of each industry were compared to the useful lives shown in the Spanish Corporation Tax Law Amortisation and Depreciation tables. It was found that most estimates are within the range established by law. In those cases where this assumption is not met, it is usually due to accelerated depreciation over the limits strictly permitted under law.

Aplicação das classificações do sistema de informação estatística brasileiro à cadeia produtiva óleo-suco-citrícola nacional

O trabalho aborda a aplicação das classificações do Sistema de Informação Estatística em vigência no Brasil na cadeia produtiva agroindustrial, preenchendo assim uma lacuna existente na literatura das ciências agrárias. Devido ao seu destaque no setor, em termos de produção/ comercialização/ exportação, selecionou-se a cadeia produtiva da indústria brasileira óleo-suco-citrícola. O objetivo é identificar o posicionamento de cada classificação na cadeia e as demandas a jusante e a montante para cada atividade e produto. Considerando o sistema estatístico, foi analisada a Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas (CNAE) e a Nomenclatura Comum do Mercosul (NCM). Foram consultadas as informações estatísticas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), além da específica literatura científica. De modo geral, essas classificações de atividades econômicas e produtos não são mutuamente excludentes, mas podem sobrepor-se umas às outras com relativa facilidade e mínima intervenção. Apesar das muitas segmentações existentes, tanto a cadeia produtiva, quanto as classificações deste trabalho encontram-se corretamente definidas. Os elos da cadeia produtiva da indústria óleo-suco-citrícola brasileira envolvem estas atividades: cultivo, produção, colheita, processamento dos sucos e afins, aproveitamento industrial de subprodutos e resíduos/refugos, packing houses, distribuição, comercialização e consumo. Os produtos são: insumos agrícolas, a laranja (fruta), os sucos, óleos essenciais, águas aromáticas, terpenos, terpenoides, limoneno, perfumes e cosméticos.

Abertura, comércio intra-indústria e desigualdade de rendimentos: uma análise para a indústria de transformação brasileira

Este artigo investiga os impactos da abertura comercial e do comércio intra-indústria sobre as desigualdades salariais entre trabalhadores qualificados e menos qualificados na indústria de transformação brasileira por meio de um modelo de comércio intra-indústria. São examinados 22 gêneros da indústria de transformação brasileira no período 1992-2001, ao nível de dois e três dígitos da Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas. A principal conclusão foi que a ampliação das desigualdades de renda entre trabalhadores qualificados e menos qualificados foi fortemente influenciada pela intensificação do comércio intra-industrial e que a separação do comércio intra-indústria do comércio interindústria é fundamental para o melhor entendimento dos efeitos do comércio internacional sobre os rendimentos relativos dos trabalhadores qualificados na indústria de transformação brasileira.