National Characteristics Research Articles

Measuring Indigenous homelessness: Findings from Our Health Counts Toronto.

Our Health Counts (OHC) Toronto, an Indigenous population database which addresses gaps in urban health information, was used to measure Thistle's (2017) 12 dimensions of Indigenous homelessness. Using this framework, we examine the sociodemographic characteristics of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis (FNIM) adults living in Toronto, the 12 dimensions as experienced by this population, and the distinctions between FNIM adults who were and those whowere not experiencing physical homelessness. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS)-II proportions and 95% confidence intervals were produced from the database (n = 915 FNIM adults) to describe key sociodemographic characteristics of the population and to estimate the proportion and number of dimensions of Indigenous homelessness experienced by FNIM adults. Results were compared between those who were and those who were not living physically homeless. This study shows that 27.3% of FNIM adults in Toronto were living physically homeless. The proportion of homelessness was significantly higher among males, adults aged 26 to 54, and unemployed individuals. Using the OHC database, 7 of the 12 dimensions were measurable. Almost all FNIM adults had experienced one or more of the 7 measurable dimensions. The most common were cultural disintegration and loss, mental disruption and balance, contemporary geographic separation, and relocation and mobility. These dimensions were significantly more common among FNIM adults experiencing physical homelessness. Results show that FNIM adults living physically homeless are more likely to experience other dimensions of homelessness. Using existing data, 5 of the 12 dimensions were not measurable. This points to a critical need to develop new survey tools to fully understand the historical, environmental, social, political, spiritual, and emotional factors that influence pathways into homelessness among FNIM populations.

Interreligious Ethics in the Chinese Context: A Comparative Study of the Ten Commandments and the Five Precepts

Religious laws are an important manifestation of religious ethics, maintaining and integrating the community of believers while providing behavioral guidelines for individual believers. This article explores the differences in laws between Judaism and Buddhism through textual analysis of the Ten Commandments in the Bible and the Five Precepts in Buddhism. The article argues that the overlapping content between the two represents the expression of a shared natural law tradition in different religious cultures. However, there are also significant differences. The Ten Commandments were issued for the entire Israelite community, emphasizing the sacred relationship between humans and God and reflecting the characteristics of the Israelite nation as a community of faith. The Five Precepts of Buddhism which originally served as behavioral guidelines for the monastic order later expanded to include all Buddhist followers, focusing on the intentions and thoughts behind speech and actions. Due to the diverse cultural contexts Buddhism encounters, violations of precepts do not entail judicial punishment but are emphasized for their obstructive role in spiritual practice.

Current Situation and Thinking of Contemporary National Music Teaching

National music, as an important carrier for inheriting and promoting the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, has distinct, unique and profound national characteristics and aesthetic education value. National music teaching demonstrates the value concept of educating people with beauty and people-oriented, which is the concentrated embodiment of the core value of art courses. Based on the analysis of the current situation of national music teaching in my country, this paper proposes to focus on the cultural literacy of music teachers, improve the construction of national music teaching materials, and enhance the status of music education in school education, etc., to optimize the countermeasures of national music teaching in the new era, and provide a practical path for the widespread dissemination and popularization of national music in school education in my country.

Parliamentary debate and the construction of the national characteristics of Swedish parliamentarism

ABSTRACT This article examines how the characteristics of parliamentary debate were discussed in Sweden between the late nineteenth century and the Second World War, covering the period of parliamentary democratization and the interwar crisis of democracy. Focusing on the comments on the nature of parliamentary rebates in the printed press, as well as the ways in which MPs comment on debate while they speak in parliament, this article shows that there is a remarkable continuity in the ways in which Swedish parliamentary debate was viewed, as a compromising negotiation in parliamentary committees was elevated to a national characteristic of Swedish parliamentary culture both by the conservative critics of parliamentary democracy and the social democratic and liberal defenders of democracy. What was in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth centuries characteristically a conservative argument in favour of safeguarding the quality and independence of the working procedures of parliament against the consequences of democratization was in the 1930s turned into an argument against the threats that political extremism and totalitarian ideas posed to parliamentary democracy. The study shows that the Swedish style of parliamentary debate was continuously contrasted with the pro et contra style of debate in the British Parliament, which was deemed unsuitable to the Swedish constitutional tradition even if it sometimes gained support as an ideal type. The main examples of debates on parliamentary procedures discussed in the study deal with the question of open voting and the rights of the Speaker to regulate debates.

Socioeconomic status differences in agentic and communal self-concepts: Insights from 6 million people across 133 nations.

Do people of different socioeconomic status (SES) differ in how they see themselves on the Big Two self-concept dimensions of agency and communion? Existent research relevant to this theoretically and socially important question has generally been indirect: It has relied on distant proxies for agentic and communal self-concepts, narrow operationalizations of SES, comparatively small samples, and data from few nations/world regions. By contrast, the present research directly examines the associations between SES and agentic and communal self-concepts, relies on well-validated measures of agency and communion, examines three complementary measures of SES, and uses data from 6 million people (years of age: M = 26.12, SD = 11.50) across 133 nations. Overall, people of higher status saw themselves as somewhat more agentic and as slightly less (or negligibly less) communal. Crucially, those associations varied considerably across nations. We sought to explain that variation with 11 national characteristics and found only three of them to be robustly relevant: National religiosity and pathogen load curbed status differences in agentic self-concepts, and income inequality amplified status differences in communal self-concepts. Our discussion develops theory to explain the importance of national religiosity, pathogen load, and income inequality for socioeconomic status differences in agentic and communal self-concepts and it also describes the substantial societal implications of those differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS

The article is dedicated to the analysis of economic, social, and environmental problems that intensified at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, stimulating the development of the concept of sustainable development. The authors examine contemporary challenges related to inequality between rich and poor countries, rising greenhouse gas emissions, and the consequences for the environment and society. The aim of the study is to systematize and generalize the existing theoretical and methodological foundations of sustainable development and to clarify them in the context of human capital formation in rural areas. The historical development of the concept of sustainable development, which was established at the UN conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, is considered, and three main components of this concept are presented: economic, social, and environmental. The study addresses the classical concept of sustainable development based on the Venn diagram, illustrating the harmonious combination of these components. Special attention is given to the analysis of indicators used for assessing sustainable development in rural areas. Specifically, both domestic and foreign methodological approaches to measuring the effectiveness and inclusiveness of the development of these areas are studied. The article examines various methodological approaches to assessing sustainable development, particularly in rural areas, with a focus on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. The study presents an analysis of 17 Global Goals adopted for the period until 2030, aimed at achieving peace, prosperity, and sustainable development in all countries. It is revealed that Ukraine, as a UN member, has actively participated in the implementation of the SDGs, particularly through the national report “Sustainable Development Goals: Ukraine” in 2017. The study substantiates the importance of adapting global goals to the national characteristics of Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of the socio-economic and ecological system. A list of key goals for sustainable development in rural areas of Ukraine is provided, including poverty eradication, agricultural development, ensuring quality education, clean water, decent work, innovation, and infrastructure. The research identifies the importance of indicators for monitoring the achievement of goals and comparing them with the target values planned for 2030. However, considering the current situation with Russian aggression, the achievement of these goals is only possible in the long-term perspective.

Анализ состояния малокомплектных школ Арктической зоны России

In the article, the authors consider the problems associated with the state and functioning of small educational institutions located in the Arctic zone of Russia, which are due to the specific climatic and national cultural characteristics of this territory. The authors note that the high rates of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of Russia require the improvement of the educational system of the studied region. The analysis of educational organizations is carried out in the following areas: material and technical condition, equipment of subject rooms and educational spaces, staffing, completeness of classes and levels of implemented education. The presented statistical data (in the form of diagrams and tables) not only visualize the content of the article, but also focus on problem areas in the development of small schools in the region. Based on the results obtained, the causes were identified and proposals were formulated to solve the identified problems.

Language of the SMO in its historical and cultural context

This article analyzes the language used in special military operations from a functional and semantic perspective. Nowadays, the language used by the military (the SVO as the special military operation in Ukraine) extends beyond the professional group and, thanks to media and social networks, has become understandable to most Russian speakers. The military jargon has a history dating back three hundred years, influenced by various military campaigns in which Russia and the USSR participated. The jargonisms from the early XX century, developed during the First World War, and the active development of military language in the twentieth century, are still present in modern military language. This is due to events such as the Great Patriotic War and the war in Afghanistan. Currently, there is a growing use of military terminology, alongside well-established slang terms that refer to aspects of military life, clothing, weapons, operations, orders, etc. New terms have emerged due to advancements in science and technology, as well as changes in the military-political situation. The lexemes and phrasemes used in the military sphere serve nominative, characterizing, emotional-evaluative, and gaming functions. These terms form thematic groups that make up the semantic field of military operations, based on the denotative meaning of slang words and their possible connotations. The language of the SVO reflects the historically formed and evolving military sociolect of the national language, primarily through Russian vocabulary and phraseological units, specialized terminology, and everyday slang. A small number of foreign terms, mainly related to weapons, have been adapted to fit the phonetic and grammatical rules of the Russian language. Overall, the language of the SMO used in military-political communication reflects the national and cultural characteristics of the military.

Symbolism of Fair Plots in Genre Painting of Peter Bruegel the Elder

The purpose of the article is to analyse the use of fair plots in the works of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, to reveal their symbolism in presenting the panorama of contemporary society. The methodology of the work consists in the application of such scientific research methods as: historical – when examining the artist's paintings in the context of the historical era in which he lived and worked; analytical, which made it possible to single out works with a fair plot from the artist's creative heritage; synthetic, thanks to which observations acquired through analysis became the basis for formulating a general conclusion; comparative art analysis is applied to reveal the specifics of Bruegel's genre painting depicting fairs. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the actualisation of the study of the work of the Dutch artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder, which presents fair scenes that enabled the artist to comprehensively present the motley society of that time in an artistic manner specific to the artist. Conclusions. Pieter Bruegel the Elder's paintings are filled with hidden meaning, the depicted events are connected with history, contemporary politics, reflect the thoughts and ideas of the author, that is, they are symbolic. Bruegel is one of the founders of Dutch genre painting – a direction of fine art in which the painter's attention is devoted to ordinary, everyday, multifaceted life, in the centre of which are people. Using fair plots, the artist discovered new themes and images for art. With the help of fair scenes, Bruegel depicted a generalised picture of the life of society, recorded the traditions and daily life of his contemporaries. The artist's paintings are historical documents that make it possible to track the activities of his compatriots. Pieter Bruegel the Elder, thanks to his creative, innovative abilities, a keen sense of the urgent problems of his people, acquired many followers who copied his paintings, in particular from fair themes, developed his plots. For the artist, the fair plots became a conceptual basis that contributed to the comprehensive artistic reproduction of the national characteristics of the Dutch people, as well as a means of figuratively embodying his creative ideas. The fair theme of the paintings allowed the artist to depict the peculiarities of the modern multifaceted life and activities of the Dutch people, to demonstrate the transformational processes that took place among different layers of the population, to present his own vision of the panorama of the contemporary society, the miniature format of which was the fairs.

Linguistic Country Studies Semantization of Troika and Bogatyr Symbolic Concepts in Russian Language and Literature Lessons

This paper describes the process of teaching the Russian language in classes with the Kyrgyz language of instruction, where the development of effective teaching methods taking into account the latest achievement of linguistic science plays an important role. In this regard, this study sets the goal of identifying mental-linguistic differences and semantization of culturally- marked concepts, taking into account the national and cultural characteristics of the linguistic consciousness of Kyrgyz schoolchildren.

Promoting Cultural Industry Management in the Context of a Green Ecological Environment

The green cultural industry is a key driving force for economic transformation and the upgrading of industrial structures. However, to achieve its development while protecting the environment, its influencing factors and the interactive relationship between the economy and the environment must be considered. This paper examines the environmental promotion effect of the green cultural industry by analyzing the interaction mechanism among these three elements, using the entropy method and coupling coordination model. The results show that the green cultural industry can develop cultural resources in line with national cultural characteristics, foster cultural innovation, promote economic growth, and reduce ecological resource consumption. At the same time, economic improvement enhances infrastructure, provides services to support the cultural industry, strengthens environmental protection, and improves ecological carrying capacity, offering greater resource support for cultural industry development.

National Characteristics of the Kyrgyz Republic Regarding the Priority of Human Rights and Freedoms

This article discusses the national characteristics of the priority of political rights and freedoms of individuals and citizens in the Kyrgyz Republic. The authors examine the development of normative legislation in the Kyrgyz Republic. At the current stage, an important part of the human rights institution and its further phased development since independence are highlighted. The necessity of maintaining a balance between the priority of human rights and freedoms and national security is noted.

The concept of “intercultural competence” in educational and scientific discourses

This article attempts to analyse the definition and structure of the concept of "intercultural competence" in scientific research and normative documents at the Ukrainian and European levels, to identify commonalities and differences, to characterise positive changes and, based on the analysis, to formulate a definition of the concept that would reflect today's realities and take into account modern challenges in education (general, foreign language). Starting from the end of the 20th century, scientific works of English-speaking, German-speaking, and domestic scientists were studied, but the main focus was on research from the last 20 years due to significant changes in the structure of societies due to globalisation, migration processes, and the activation of contacts in the professional and private spheres of representatives of different linguistic and cultural communities. Attention is drawn to the fact that understanding the concept of "intercultural competence" acquired new meanings at different stages of its research. Among the reasons for reconsideration and clarification are primarily the challenges that appeared under the influence of social processes in the pan-European and world dimensions, taking into account the national characteristics of countries' development. In accordance with the shift in emphasis in the definition of the concept, its structure also changed; however, despite the selection of specific components by different authors, the structure of intercultural competence retained a common core and layered new components. In the educational discourse, there is a noticeable increase in attention to the concept in the context of social competence, the development of which is aimed, among other things, at conflict-free coexistence, successful communication, and the ability to adapt to a multilingual and multicultural society.

French Legislation on Pre-Trial Investigation

Introduction. The article examines how the legal mechanism of preliminary investigation operates in France, taking into account the special approach of the French public authorities to its implementation, the importance of preliminary investigation in the criminal process of this state. And also, taking into account the fact that there is no institution of preliminary investigation in the Russian judicial system – such an investigation is carried out, according to domestic legislation, by investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation – the procedural status of investigative judges of France, who belong to the judiciary on a permanent basis. Materials and methods. The research methods are a system of specially scientific and philosophical worldview approaches that provide an opportunity for an objective analysis of the topic. The research applied such methods as comparative law, historical law, formal law, structural and functional, as well as dialectical and materialistic Materials and methods. The research methods are a system of specially scientific and worldview approaches that provide an opportunity for an objective analysis of the topic. The research applied such methods as comparative law, historical law, formal law, structural and functional, as well as dialectical and materialistic. Special attention is paid to the problem of determining the role of the preliminary investigation in legal proceedings, the characteristics of its judicial status in the exercise of powers by the relevant attention is paid to the problem of determining the role of the preliminary investigation in legal proceedings, the characteristics of its judicial status in the exercise of powers by the relevant state authorities in science: the works of such scientists as M.V. Aleynikov, A.N. Volchanskaya, A.E. Vorobyov, B.Ya. Gavrilov, V.N. Galuzo, A.V. Grinenko have been published on this topic, L.V. Golovko, K.F. Gutsenko, S.A. Danilyan, I.S. Dikarev, A.Yu. Zotov, N.A. Kanafin, A.N. Konshakov, I.Ya. Foynitsky, M.Yu. Fisakov, etc.Research results. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative legal analysis of the preliminary investigation carried out by the relevant public authorities in France, with a comparative comparison of the role of the preliminary investigation carried out by public authorities in this State. In order to achieve this goal, special attention in this work will be paid to solving the following tasks: to identify the place of authority for the preliminary investigation in the activities of various law enforcement agencies; to investigate the features of the preliminary investigation at different stages of the development of France; to establish the features of its transformation; to analyze the real role of the preliminary investigation in France and characterize the authorities exercising authority to conduct it; to make a generalizing conclusion about whether it is advisable to make changes to the definition of the place of the preliminary investigation in the judicial proceedings of the Russian Federation, taking into account the legislative experience of France.Discussion and conclusion. After the Introduction, the article examines the very Concept of "preliminary investigation" and its national characteristics; The activities of judicial bodies conducting preliminary investigation; The procedure for conducting preliminary investigation; The end of the preliminary investigation; Instance control over the activities of the investigating judge. In conclusion, the authors of the article propose some theoretical generalizations on this topic and show the most outstanding distinctive features of French legislation on preliminary investigation in terms of methods of legal technique.

DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING IN AZERBAIJAN

The main goal of the article is to study activities aimed at marketing development in Azerbaijan. It is noted that benefiting from the synthesis of the national characteristics of the economy (including the experience of the Soviet era) and the world experience is one of the urgent requirements of the modern era. Method and methodologies. In the analysis process, comparative analysis of statistical indicators, analysis of legal-normative documents necessary for the development of marketing, classification of existing problems in the system of formation of market relations in Azerbaijan, forecasting and projecting methods were used. Novelty on the article. The article focuses on some rational and non-rational activities that are neglected in the scientific literature and necessitates the development of marketing. Conclusion and suggestions. The article emphasizes that marketing promotion is a step that serves to make companies popular among the population. These steps are one of the necessary steps to be carried out and updated both thoroughly and systematically. It is noted that 90% of managers of companies operating in Azerbaijan think that there is no need for marketing research. Thus, the decision to implement marketing measures is not based on the analysis of research data, and this, in turn, does not justify the effectiveness of marketing projects. Businessmen rely too much on their intuition and make unreasonable expenses based only on their own experience and unsystematized information that reaches them over a period of time. As a result: 1. Unsuccessful image campaigns are organized that do not produce any desired intangible effect; 2. Sales of newly launched products are falling; 3. Preference is given to advertising campaigns mainly aimed at financial impact; 4. Absurd models of brand perception emerge as a result of lack of study of brand perception after marketing activities; 5. Low level of service and, as a result, customer satisfaction. At best, marketers refer to a company's to-do list.

A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Female Characters in Chinese and Korean Modern Films Since the New Century

Since the beginning of the new century, both Chinese and Korean modern-themed films have experienced rapid development, not only in terms of quantity and diversity of themes but also in the depth and quality of their content. Women, as indispensable characters in modern films, vividly reflect the aesthetic ideals, reception characteristics, and image expectations of their respective audiences. However, the cultural backgrounds, national characteristics, and social conditions in China and Korea lead to differing representations of female characters in their films.

BINARY OPPOSITION «RICH-POOR» IN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH LINGUACULTURES

In this study, binary oppositions are referred to be mechanisms for producing cultural notions that are indicated by lexical antonyms and represent both the Kazakh and English population's worldview and the language's conception of the universe. On the basis of an analysis of the materials and important cultural concepts from both countries, a sampling of binary oppositions was created. The findings of the comparative study allowed for the definition of key components of Kazakh and English ethnic cultures,which serve as basic components in the self-identification of both countries and aid in the reconstruction of their worldview. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of the national expression of the concepts of wealth and poverty in the Kazakh and English languages. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1.study of the concept of "proverbs" in the system of Linguistics, their role in creating a linguistic picture of the world. 2.selection, analysis and comparison of Kazakh and English proverbs and sayings. 3.identification of general and various features of the concepts of wealth and poverty in national characteristics, identification of the main features in the values and ideals of the Kazakh and English peoples in relationto these concepts.Research methods depend on the goals and objectives of the work. The work required the use of methods of sampling, comparison and descriptive analysis. The theoretical significance of the work is to identify the features of the national expression of the concepts of wealth and poverty in the Kazakh and English languages within the framework of the theory of cognitive linguistics. The practical significance of the work is that the results of the study can be used in teaching English in courses such as lexicology, phraseology, comparative typology, cognitive linguistics.

Сучасні глобальні проблеми етнонаціональної політики України: на прикладі правового регулювання статусу національних меншин

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of ethno-national policy in modern conditions of the development of statehood and points to the prospects of improving the legislation in the context of ensuring the proper legal status of national minorities. The article examines the main problems in the field of ethno-national policy of Ukraine and legal regulation of the status of national minorities. The author emphasizes the absence of a single strategy for the development of ethno-national relations, which leads to fragmented legislation. The implementation of a comprehensive normative act could determine the direction of the development of statehood and form the ideological basis for future normative acts regarding the status of national minorities, indigenous peoples, and other ethnic groups. It is also emphasized that the issues of national minorities were often ignored in national law, and the legislative framework regarding indigenous peoples and the protection of the status of national minorities was formed mainly as a reaction to external circumstances, such as the occupation of the Crimean peninsula. Gaps in legislation make it difficult to ensure the rights of national minorities, in particular, due to the lack of up-to-date statistical data, since the all-Ukrainian population census was conducted only once in 2001. The author draws attention to the low level of tolerance in Ukrainian society, which is demonstrated by a survey conducted in 2022–2024. Respondents often do not consider their actions illegal or discriminatory towards Roma, but do not wish to have themin their environment. This indicates a lack of education regarding national characteristics as a factor of discrimination and a lack of attention on the part of the state to issues of language moderation and protection of the rights of national minorities. The lack of an effective policy of integration of national minorities is another significant problem. The legislator often considers national minorities as a group of citizens of a different ethnic origin living in Ukraine traditionally, which is a wrong approach. In order to improve ethno-national politics, it is necessary to solve problems in related areas, such as education, political rights, participation in local selfgovernment and the fight against hate speech.

Национально-культурные особенности формирования семьи (на примере Республики Татарстан)

The article considers the classification of Tatar families according to various criteria: composition, number of generations, number of children and other characteristics. The author analyzes the features of each category of families and provides their descriptive characteristics, which allow for a better understanding of the structure of the Tatar family, the national and cultural features of its formation, as well as modern trends in the development of family relations. Particular attention is paid to traditional ideas about the family among the Tatar people. The author also studies the empirical data of a population survey conducted in 2022 by the Center for Family and Demography of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan. The study allows us to draw objective conclusions about the emerging trends in reproductive and family behavior of the population of the republic, channels for transmitting national and cultural characteristics of society, the role of mother and father in matters of national and cultural continuity. At the same time, it seems possible to determine the role of key social agents in the formation and development of the family, its national and cultural formation. The study provides predictive estimates of the features of the further development of the processes of cultural and national identification of society. The article may be useful for sociologists, ethnographers and anyone interested in the culture and traditions of the Tatar people.

A Flexible and Sustainable Analysis of Waste Efficiency at the European Level

AbstractThis paper analyses the waste management efficiency of European Union countries using a flexible nonparametric methodology known as directional data envelopment analysis (DEA). The study evaluates performance at the macro (country) level, considering waste generated as input, landfilled and incinerated waste as bad output and recycled waste as output. The analysis incorporates the heterogeneity and specificities of each country, with respect to social and economic sustainability, establishing specific and realistic targets for each country to achieve efficiency. The research introduces a flexible and innovative method for assessing waste management efficiency and provides new empirical evidence on European waste management, considering economic and social sustainability. The results reveal a significant disparity among European countries in both waste generation and waste recycling. Countries are categorised into five groups according to their level of efficiency, and Central European nations are observed to exhibit generally better performance. A pragmatic approach, based on clear collaboration among countries, could optimise the unique waste management characteristics of individual nations to enhance the overall efficiency of the European waste management system, contributing to a circular economy and sustainable development.