National Broadcasting Research Articles

IMPACT OF MASS MEDIA ON LOCAL BUSINESSES CASE STUDY IN MANGOCHI DISTRICT

Every business one way or the other gets advertised, it can be a poster on one’s door or a commercial advert on the national broadcasting station. The aim of all these efforts is to attract customers, increase awareness, and introduces a new product and many more. Mass media is the only platform that allows entrepreneurs to reach a wide area because of its ability to extend media coverage. Mass media refers to a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a larger audience via mass communication. Mass media is every wide area that cover different media channels form print media, electronic media and social media. All these aspects are part of mass media. Therefore, having noted what mass media is, this study will aim at finding the impacts of mass media on local businesses in Mangochi district. The research will try to find how local entrepreneurs are using mass media in their business, the challenges that local entrepreneurs are facing in relation to mass media, benefits that local entrepreneurs are obtaining with the help of mass media and many more. The aim of this study is to find whether mass media is important to a local business or not. This study will use qualitative method in collecting and analyzing the data. The researcher will collect the data from 40 prominent business entities with Mangochi using a questionnaire and will analyze the data using the thematic data analysis. From, the analysis the research will present the findings in a discussion form and a comparison with the literature review will be conducted. The aim of comparing the two (actual finds and literature review) is to know whether the researcher’s findings are corresponding to what other people have already find out. Finally, the researcher will write a report on his findings and give a recommendation. KEY WORDS: mass media, local businesses, social media, challenges and benefits.

Is Australia's urban-regional schism on climate reality or rhetoric?

Research and popular discourse have not settled on whether there exists an urban-regional divide on climate. In Australia, we observe rhetoric in the public sphere suggesting such a divide. In this paper we examine whether the urban-regional schism on climate reflects the reality of Australians' opinions on climate change. We conducted a quota survey of the Australian population (N = 2,952) and measured opinion across seven climate and seven social issues. We found limited evidence of an urban-regional divide on climate change and most social issues. However, urban and regional Australians’ attitudes differed on one item: perception of difference between urban and regional people. We suggest that urban-regional divide rhetoric may appeal to rural identifying people, not regional residents per se. We also identified the role of media habits: consumption of ABC (the national broadcaster) or Sky News (News Corp subscription channel) are significant predictors of climate opinion.

‘Well they Weren’t Married!’: The Marriage Bar at Radio/Telefís Éireann 1962–72

This article examines the use of the marriage bar at the Irish national broadcaster Radio/Telefís Éireann from 1962, when the station went to air, until 1972, when the station lifted the bar. The marriage bar was a regulation that required women to give up their jobs upon marriage. It applied, on a statutory basis, to all female civil servants, and as a cultural practice for most lines of white collar employment in Ireland. This article takes the Irish national broadcaster as a case study to examine the implication of the bar in the media sector in Ireland. It looks at multiple classes of women at the national broadcaster and examines the varied implementation of the bar and its impact on female workers. To that end, it looks first at women at the higher levels of the station who worked as department heads and producers. It then moves on to discuss the marriage bar’s impact on women who worked on screen at Radio/Telefís Éireann. Finally, it looks at women in the lower ranks of programme making roles who worked as Production Assistants and Research Assistants. It argues that the Irish national broadcaster utilised the marriage bar similarly to other public sector bodies in that it was used to reinforce a male breadwinner ideal within the organisation. This article will discuss multiple classes of women workers at the station drawing out some of the differences and similarities in the bar’s implementation across classes. It will first discuss the ways in which the marriage bar was applied to producers and directors, the highest-ranked female workers at the station. It will then move on to the treatment of married women who worked on screen before addressing women who worked as production assistants and research assistants. Significantly, those who worked as PAs and RAs represented some of the lowest ranking women at the national broadcaster. Finally, the article will discuss the end of the marriage bar at the station.

Word of the year 1919

In Iceland, the word of the year is chosen annually, both by the Icelandic National Broadcasting Service and the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies (AMI). We explore the possibility of doing the same but for a year more than 100 years ago. We try using the same methods as AMI does for our times. This approach has various limitations, which we discuss, and raises many questions, such as how much texts from journals and periodicals reflect the actual word use of the time.

Public Discourse on the Israel‐Hamas War 2023: A Comparative Analysis of Lithuania and the United Kingdom

AbstractThe conflict between the Israeli government and Hamas escalated on 7th October 2023, with the media playing an unprecedented role in shaping the perceptions and narratives surrounding the ongoing tensions. The portrayal by the media, often mirroring global viewpoints and biases, has significantly influenced public opinion and international stances, serving as a catalyst for political, diplomatic, and humanitarian interventions. The aim of the study is to analyze the formation of discourse on the Israel‐Hamas war (2023) within the media landscapes of Lithuania and the United Kingdom, emphasizing the role of national broadcasters and uncovering the primary disparities in the information provided by online news portals lrt.lt and bbc.com. Employing the qualitative content analysis method, the study provides comprehensive insights into the subject matter. Moreover, it highlights the approaches of the Lithuanian and UK governments towards security discourse in Europe and their concerns regarding humanitarian aid for the Gaza Strip. The study is relevant to shed light on how political decisions and public opinion influence the international community's support for various actors in the conflict, including the manifestation of Islamophobic and antisemitic sentiments.

Fighting for Better Representation of Women in and on RTÉ: Women’s Work in Promoting Gender Equality at Ireland’s National Broadcaster, 1979-1981

This article examines the role that women’s activism and advocacy played in early Irish television and the opportunities for and representation of women in national broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ). It focuses on two groups: RTÉ’s own Working Group on Women in Broadcasting, which reported in 1981, and the Women in Broadcasting Study Group of 1980, headed by Senator Gemma Hussey. Both investigated practices of employment of women and the roles that they undertook as well as the role of women in RTÉ programs and in television advertising on RTÉ. The article argues that, although there were tensions between the two groups and each group had different interests, different methodological approaches in their reports and were received in the public and by RTÉ very differently, they effectively worked together to compel RTÉ to implement their recommendations and take the issue of gender equality more seriously on a long-term basis.

“Stay tuned!"

“Stay tuned!"

State or Public Service Broadcasting? Assessing the Making of a National Television Service in Botswana

This paper uses the political economy framework to examine developments surrounding the establishment and structuring of Botswana Television since its introduction as a national broadcaster in 2000. The focus is to identify the broadcasting model for Btv, and establish whether PSB or SB would be appropriate for a national television in Botswana context. Data obtained through documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews showed that Btv has always been funded and structured to operate from either the Government Ministry of Transport and Communications, or the Office of the President. Consequently, the channel’s broadcasts are predisposed toward the ideologies of the ruling elites, than those of the public. Therefore, we argue that Btv should be re-structured and allowed to operate in the interests of both the state and public. Doing so could result in collective use of state media and safeguard against unnecessary government control. Thus, for developing contexts such as Botswana, we suggest a hybrid model of both PSB and SB.

Eksistensi Radio Melalui Konvergensi Siaran di Era Digital

Radio is a communication medium that must now be able to compete with new media which is currently increasingly massive. The aim of this research is to find out how national private broadcast radio in West Java is able to maintain its existence and the strategies it implements to continue to exist amidst competition with digital information platforms that currently exist. Research respondents were managers of local radio stations in West Java, especially those in Bandung, Cimahi, Sukabumi and Cirebon. This research uses qualitative methods by describing the result of questioners and interviewing and then processing them in the form of descriptive narratives and pie diagram. The results of this research are that almost all private broadcast radio stations in the West Java region that were respondents implemented a convergence strategy to maintain their existence and made changes to their broadcast model management. Some of the convergence strategies implemented are broadcasting via digital streaming, creating more interesting broadcast program content with an audio-visual style such as podcasts, choosing broadcasters who have popularity and character, upgrading broadcast equipment, having social media as a branding and content publication medium, and upload content to YouTube media. This convergence strategy is also carried out to increase interest and the number of advertisers so that they can continue to choose radio as a medium for marketing the products and services offered more widely and in a contemporary style.

More than keyboard heroes? #ichoosefish, disaster framing, and environmental protests in Vietnam

This paper investigates the role of social media in mobilizing environmentalism amid authoritarian restrictions, focusing on the Vietnam coastal pollution of 2016. It contributes to current academic debates by showing how elements that are apparently mundane and irrelevant become the stage for political action within social media. We examined the interface of connective actions (social media activism) – collective actions (protests) and the role of food symbolism in translating digital activism into physical resistance that bridges the distance between rural and urban areas. Data were collected from Facebook and Twitter, as well as semi-structured interviews, policy documents, and national newspapers and broadcasts. Food symbolism, exemplified by #ichoosefish, helped personalize grievances and materialize protest actions amid the government’s countermeasures. The results further show that by using social media, especially Facebook, the activists managed to rationalize their political engagement in a non-participatory context and mobilize protests during political restrictions by arguing that their ‘apolitical’ actions were motivated by food-based grievances associated with personal, environmentalist and nationalist concerns. Food symbolism is thus essential in transitioning from connective actions to collective actions.

Improving access to family planning for women with disabilities in Kaduna city, Nigeria: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial with integrated process evaluation

BackgroundGlobally, women with disabilities are less likely to have access to family planning services compared to their peers without disabilities. However, evidence of effective interventions for promoting their sexual and reproductive health and rights remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. To help address disparities, an inclusive sexual and reproductive health project was developed to increase access to modern contraceptive methods and reduce unmet need for family planning for women of reproductive age with disabilities in Kaduna city, Nigeria. The project uses demand-side, supply-side and contextual interventions, with an adaptive management approach. This protocol presents a study to evaluate the project’s impact.MethodsA pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial design with surveys at baseline and endline will be used to evaluate interventions delivered for at least 1 year at health facility and community levels in comparison to ‘standard’ state provision of family planning services, in the context of state-wide and national broadcast media and advocacy. Randomization will be conducted based on the health facility catchment area, with 19 clusters in the intervention arm and 18 in the control arm. The primary outcome measure will be access to family planning. It was calculated that at least 950 women aged 18 to 49 years with disabilities (475 in each arm) will be recruited to detect a 50% increase in access compared to the control arm. For each woman with disabilities enrolled, a neighbouring woman without disabilities in the same cluster and age group will be recruited to assess whether the intervention has a specific effect amongst women with disabilities. The trial will be complemented by an integrated process evaluation. Ethical approval for the study has been given by the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.DiscussionDefining access to services is complex, as it is not a single variable that can be measured directly and need for family planning is subjectively defined. Consequently, we have conceptualized ‘access to family planning’ based on a composite of beliefs about using services if needed.Trial registrationISRCTN registry ISRCTN12671153. Retrospectively registered on 17/04/2023.

Zambia’s Support for the African National Congress’s Radio Freedom in Lusaka, 1967–1992

ABSTRACT This article explores the contribution Zambia made to the liberation struggle in South Africa by hosting the ANC’s Radio Freedom in Lusaka. It relies on a combination of archival evidence (audio and documentary sources) from both countries, and interviews conducted with the broadcasters and other media workers of both Radio Freedom and the Zambian national broadcaster. The article argues that Zambia offered immense support to Radio Freedom in the form of broadcasting equipment, working space and airtime on the external services of the national broadcaster. While it waxed and waned in the early years, this assistance increased considerably in the aftermath of the Soweto student uprising of 1976, which enabled the ANC to have a sonic presence among its supporters back home, where listening to this radio was illegal. The support given to Radio Freedom was not isolated but part of a wider struggle and solidarity with the liberation movements in the Southern African region fighting white minority rule. Through Radio Freedom, the ANC was able to shape the course of the unfolding struggle and internal political developments and to attain the cultural hegemony of the Charterist tradition over the Africanist and Black Consciousness camp.

Bad Sisters – space, class and the reimagining of Dublin

ABSTRACT In this article, I consider the Apple+ tv series Bad Sisters (2022-) as a transnational production. I take into account the background of its showrunner, Sharon Horgan, and her positioning as a transnational programme maker and comedian. I discuss the series as a remake of the Belgian/Flemish TV series, Clan (English title, The Out-Laws), analysing significant departures, particularly in terms of use of location. I proceed to discuss the overlaps between Bad Sisters and Big Little Lies (HBO 2017–19), notably the strategy of slipping an analysis of coercive control into a drama that makes an overt play for the consumerist pleasures of high-end life-styling. In my analysis of Bad Sisters, I focus particularly on Horgan’s reworking of the topography of suburban Dublin to create an image of a family clustered around a region of significant wealth on the coast, exemplified by their meetings at the Forty Foot swimming area. I discuss the differences between this production and other Irish TV drama, and the consequences for Horgan in making Bad Sisters for Apple TV+ rather than with the Irish national broadcaster, RTÉ. I conclude by asking to what extent Bad Sisters, given its glossy aesthetic, can explore social issues.

Лексические средства отражения русского менталитета в текстах учебников по русскому языку как иностранному

The paper deals with the issue of representing the Russian mentality in the texts of Russian as a foreign language`s textbooks. When teaching Russian, through the language foreigners learn about the historically determined cultural codes of the people, the peculiarities of the national character and speech behaviour of Russian people. As a result of the study, the authors summarized the main features of the Russian mentality presented in 25 scientific works, analyzed the texts of 50 manuals on Russian as a foreign language, determined the means of reflecting the Russian mentality, and indicated the national features broadcast in educational texts. As the analysis showed, the texts of the Russian as a foreign language present the following features of the Russian mentality: hard work, laziness / passivity, caution in conducting business, ability to contemplate, love of freedom and fatalism, maximalism in expressing feelings and emotions, sociability, approval of cognitive activity, value of relationships. These qualities are translated through stable expressions of a metaphorical nature, stable expressions with nationally significant lexemes: longing, fate, soul, will; lexical and grammatical techniques (antithesis, anaphora, deixis, predicates, nominatives). As a basic method, a method of complex linguistic description was used, including methods of generalization, interpretation and classification of language facts. The results obtained during the analysis may be used in the development of new textbooks on Russian as a foreign language, more specifically aimed at developing the socio-cultural competence of students.

‘It's the Programmes, Stupid’

AbstractPublic Service Broadcasting (PSB) is an eco‐system where the whole is more than the sum of its parts. The BBC is the cornerstone, but ITV, C4, C5 and independent production companies also play a crucial part. The essence of PSB lies in the values which underpin the content, ranging from popular sport and light entertainment to more niche minority strands. The BBC licence fee generates considerable value for the British economy throughout the nations and regions of the UK. This is multiplied by the intellectual property framework for independent production companies. The system is now under threat from the financial squeeze on the BBC licence fee, failure to deliver ‘due prominence’ to commercial PSBs, new technology and changing patterns of consumption. It is essential that a broad range of programmes remain freely available to avoid the cultural, social and political divisions of a two‐tier system of national broadcasting.

VALUE BASES OF FORMATION AND STRENGTHENING OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN IDENTITY IN THE PERCEPTIONS OF YOUNG PEOPLE

The article presents some results of the author's sociological research on the problems of determining the value bases for the formation and strengthening of the all-Russian identity in the perceptions of young people, conducted within the framework of the project "Youth in Interethnic Communications: Intolerance, Tolerance, Dialogue" in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The focus of this paper is the analysis of the axiological foundations of the national idea as the basis of all-Russian identity in the assessments of young people aged 16-21. It has been substantiated that young people's ideas about national goals reflect both interests directly related to the life of young people themselves (education, living conditions, etc.) and national interests (ecology, health, eradication of corruption, friendship of the country's peoples, etc.). It was revealed that the majority of young people, regardless of gender and age, place (urban/rural) and region of residence, realize the need for the existence of national ideas that integrate Russians, and in general positively assess the possibility of social integration. The leading ideas-integrators were analyzed, including terminal values: health, decent and comfortable life, as well as values symbolizing the most important social problems of Russian society: property stratification and inequality, poverty, education, corruption. Gender and regional differences in young people's assessments of the importance of integrative values for strengthening the all-Russian identity were characterized. The integrative potential of young people was assessed. The article reveals the peculiarities of young people's attitude to the national goals broadcast by the state, as well as the prospects and the degree of social subjectivity of young people in the context of solving the problems of social integration.

Assessment of digital switchover compliance in select television stations in delta state, Nigeria

The study examined the extent of compliance of digital switchover in Nigerian Television Authority, Asaba and Quest Television, Ughelli. It also examined the influence of managerial bureaucracy on effective digital switchover. The study was anchored on the technology-determinism theory. The population consists of combined population of 132 staff of Quest Television Ughelli and Nigerian Television Authority. The study used census method to determine the sample size and all staff were studied. Major findings revealed that both stations are currently on partial digital switchover and managerial bureaucracy affects the implementation of digital switchover in both stations. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) should review the current position on full digital switchover and proffer a new workable timeline for its enforcement. Also, as alternative, stations should utitlise the accessibility of social media platforms to engage in streaming and podcasting of news.

Spillover Effects of COVID-19 News Coverage on Willingness to Participate in Medical Research in a Diverse Sample of US Older Adults

COVID-19 has dominated news coverage since the beginning of the pandemic. The extent to which exposure to such news affected perceptions of medical research and other health issues is not clear, especially among older adults who are more susceptible to infection and experience more COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. This study uses a two-wave national panel of U.S. adults ages 50 years and older ( n = 1,240) to examine the mechanism through which exposure to source-specific news outlets (e.g., national network broadcasts, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC) affected willingness to participate in medical research for COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both of which afflicts millions of older adults. We hypothesized that spillover from COVID-19 information exposure influenced potential research participation in AD research through attitudes toward science and COVID-19 misperceptions. Path analysis results provide empirical support for spillover effects which vary by news outlet.

Obligation to register Internet channels (YouTube, TikTok, Facebook) and the legal situation of creators on the audiovisual market according to Polish and European Union law

European Union law has introduced a duty for creators engaged in the business of providing various types of on-demand audiovisual content to register. In practice, this duty applies to individuals running audiovisual channels on platforms such as You Tube and similar platforms. The people concerned are very different, providing content of an educational nature (platforms for learning foreign languages, e.g. English, Spanish). The registration duty is also to be extended to those who also provide typically entertaining channels on digital platforms (e.g. reviews of films, books, computer games, comics). These individuals include creators, i.e. entities that provide certain intellectual content to the Internet protected, for example, by copyright and related rights. Relevant registers are to be kept in member states by public administration bodies, such as the National Broadcasting Council in Poland. The purpose of the above duty is increased control over the safety of content provided to the Internet (e.g. from the point of view of whether it is suitable for children or whether it does not contain hate speech). In addition, the purpose of the said duty is also to control whether the owners of channels on YouTube, Tik-Tok, etc. properly settle the income they earn through published content. The Polish legislator wants to propose new legal solutions in this respect. This is because the European Union legislator has introduced certain requirements, but has not determined how they would be implemented. The presentation of the experience of the Polish legislator may be interesting for the Ukrainian viewer, especially in view of Ukraine's aspirations to become a member of the European Union. If Ukraine joins the European Union, it will be obliged to implement relevant solutions in this respect. In this article, I have tried to show that the issue of registration of persons providing audiovisual media services is a new problem in the European Union, raising considerable public concern. The obligation to register audiovisualmedia service providers should not be too broad and cover providers that have a small audience or publish new content irregularly. Therefore, it is important to introduce clear criteria for which audiovisual media service providers should be registered.

Hockey White in Canada

While multiculturalism and hockey are two features that are often said to define Canadian identity, they do not often overlap. This paper explores the Twitter discourse surrounding Harnarayan Singh’s 2021 debut sports broadcasts on Hockey Night in Canada and Sportsnet. Singh is the first Sikh person to call play-by-play in English in a national broadcast. We analyse this against the backdrop of racist remnants of colonialism in hockey resulting in the current majority presence of white players and sportscasters. Viewers’ reactions to Singh’s broadcasts mostly demonstrate positive alignment with Singh and support for inclusivity in hockey, however we find a pattern of race-related ideological assumptions embodying the existing tensions between movements to increase diversity in hockey while acknowledging a historic culture of racism in the sport.