National Botanical Garden Research Articles

Characteristics of the biochemical composition of fruits of Malus domestica Borkh. new varieties

Purpose. To determine the content of biochemical compounds in fruits of M. domestica Borkh. varietal samples, select the most promising ones for use in further breeding, and recommend for use in various directions, given the biochemical complex of signs, taste and marketability of the fruit.Methods. We used generally accepted methods for determining the biochemical composition of fruits (soluble so­lids (SSR) according to GOST (State Standard System) 29030-91, total sugars according to GOST 8756-13.87; polyphenol composition according to the method of L. I. Vigorov (1968), vitamin C according to the method of A I. Ermakov (1972); tit­rated acids – according to GOST 25555.0-82).Results. Nine cultivars of apple trees were analyzed for the biochemical composition of fruits, namely the apple tree cultivar ‘Vydubytska Plakucha’ (‘V. p.’) and various hybrids created on its basis from the collection of the fruit plant acclimatization department of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Gardens of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Selected forms are sources of 1–5 important biochemical characteristics (solids content, glucose, sugars, ascorbic acid, titratable acid) and promising for use in breeding. According to the dry matter content – the lowest rate was found in hybrid ‘V. p.’ × ‘Renet Symyrenko’ (16.68%), the highest in the hybrid – ‘V. p.’ × ‘Renet Oranzhevyi Coksa’ (22.87%), rates of ascorbic acid content varied within (6.0–12.25 mg%), total sugars (10.37–18.23), acids (0.74–1,67 respectively). The most interesting for introduction and breeding are hybrids with a high content of biochemical parameters, namely: ‘V. p.’ × ‘Renet Oranzhevyi Coksa’, ‘V. p.’ × ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘V. p.’ × ‘Parmen Zymovyi Zolotyi’.Conclusions. The content of the biochemical composition of the fruits, taste and marketability were characterized, and varietal samples of hybrids of the apple tree ‘Vydubytska Plakucha’ were distributed in the directions of use in order to improve the quality of life of the population. According to the biochemical indicators of the cluster analysis of the studied apple hybrids, close relationships were found between the three groups necessary in the future for breeding when selecting parental forms for an improved biochemical composition of the fruit (including hybrids ‘V. p.’ × ‘Renet Oranzhevyi Coksa’, ‘V. p.’ × ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘V. p.’ × ‘Parmen Zymovyi Zolotyi’, titrated acid hybrids ‘V. p.’ × ‘Starkrimson’, ‘V. p.’ × ‘Parmen Zymovyi Zolotyi’ and ‘V. p.’ × ‘Renet Symyrenko’, tannins hybrids ‘V. p.’ × ‘Slava Peremozhtsiam’ and ‘V. p.’ × ‘Starkrimson’); and to expand the assortment of apple trees according to the planned commercial signs. Hybrids of the apple-tree cultivar ‘Vydubytska Plakucha’, created in the NBG using old and valuable modern apple-tree cultivars, indicate the promise of producing high-yielding, large-fruited varieties with a high content of biologically active substances

Cultivars of the Itoh peony group in the collection of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Purpose. To analyze the variety diversity of the Itoh peony group in the collection of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and determine its biological features in the new conditions of introduction.Methods. Introduction studies, phenological observations, morphometry, statistical processing of results.Results. The cultivars diversity of the Itoh peony group of the M. M. Hrysh­ko National Botanical Garden National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine collection was analyzed. The ornamental properties of the cultivars were described. Features of their growth and development under conditions of introduction were studied. It was revealed that the duration of vegetation of plants of Ito group varieties is 218–225 days. It was determined that plant growth begins on March 23 – April 2, flowering on May 19–28. The budding of plants was observed in the first decade of May and lasts 16–20 days. It was revealed that in the conditions of introduction ‘Morning Lilac’ and ‘Sonoma Apricot’ bloom first (May 19–20), ‘Viking Full Moon’, ‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’, ‘Yellow Waterlily’ bloom later (May 28). The height of generative shoots of plants in flowe­ring phase ranged from 60 to90 cm. Plants go dormant in winter, having formed generative shoots that successfully winter. Reproduction of plants occurs both due to the buds that form on the lower part of the stem, and the buds that form on the rhizome. The shoot-forming ability and flowering productivity are 6.0±2.5 – 19.5±4.0 shoots and 4.5±1.5 – 16.0±3.0 generative shoots per plant, respectively. Cultivars ‘First Arrival’, ‘Sonoma Apricot’, ‘Hillary’, ‘Bartzella’, ‘Morning Lilac’, ‘Lollipop’, ‘Old Rose Dandy’ are highly productive. Conclusions. The collection of peonies of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has been expanded by Itoh Group cultivars. The R. Anderson’s breeds of 1980–1990 are more fully represented. An analysis of the ornamental features of the varieties showed that the hybrids with a semi-double flower shape of a yellow color dominate the collection. Cultivars retain all their ornamental and economic characteristics under conditions of introduction. The Itoh group varieties of the collection can be material for developing technologies for their cultivation and propagation, can be a source of replenishment and expansion of regional botanical gardens collections, planting material for gardening and landscaping, and also perform an educational and cognitive function.

Male movement patterns and bioacoustic activity of the Western Cuban Grassfrog, Eleutherodactylus varleyi (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae)


 
 
 
 In this study, we examined movement patterns, vocal activity, and variation in advertisement calls at individual and populational levels in a population of Western Cuban Grassfrogs (Eleutherodactylus varleyi) at the National Botanical  Garden of Cuba in July and September in 2007. Males appear to be very sedentary with peaks of movement early in the night and just before dawn that could be related with the search of calling sites and diurnal retreats, respectively. We detected eight patterns of frequency modulation of advertisement calls for note 1 and six for note 2. Patterns II and VI were the most frequent for note 1 and note 2, respectively. Note duration was the only acoustic parameter that was significantly variable among individuals for note 1, whereas the maximum frequency and rise time were signifi- cantly variable within individuals for note 2, suggesting that the latter is more reliable for distinguishing individual calls.
 
 
 

Native plants with ornamental potential for planting in urban green space of Tehran

The need to use native plants in urban green spaces has increasingly felt. Due to the global economic problems, native plants, in addition to compliance and stability, can play an important role in currency saving and probably to save the needless expenditure of the more import ornamental plants. The purpose of this study was to introduce native domesticated plants for green space of Tehran. This study was carried out on domesticated plants in the southern Alborz habitat of the National Botanical Garden of Iran. The plants were transferred from the field to the habitat, adapted and settled over the years. The introduced species are among the most successful species in establishment. Twenty-three species were introduced based on their ornamental potential for planting in Tehran.

A qualitative study on the diversity and conservation perspectives of pteridophytic flora in homegarden ecosystems in Polgolla in Kandy district, Sri Lanka

Pteridophytes are of minor economic significance to humankind as compared to other groups of plants, especially angiosperms. However, many of them are horticulturally desirable and used for decorations and ornamental purposes and some also as medicines and food. In the present study, the diversity, distribution and conservation perspectives of pteridophytic flora in homegarden ecosystems in the Polgolla Grama Niladhari Division (PGND), Kandy district, Sri Lanka, were investigated. All conceivable habitats of pteridophytes within homegardens and suburb areas in the PGND were visited frequently over a period of one year and representative samples were collected and preserved as herbarium specimens. The species collected were identified using the “Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon” (Vol. XV and XVI) and verified with the specimens deposited at the Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. The study found 32 species of pteridophytes belonging to 12 families in homegardens and suburbs of three villages in the study area namely Megodagama, Egodagama and Gangewattegama. Although the importance and the conservation measures of pteridophytes have not been understood by the residents, many pteridophytes have been commonly grown as ornamental, crop and medicinal plants in their homegardens. This preliminary survey highlights the species richness of pteridophytes and the importance of conservation of existing species in PGND.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF DENDROBIUM PARISHII RCHB.F. IN THE MUSCLE TISSUE OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS WALBAUM): IN VITRO MODEL STUDY

This research aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of buffer extract obtained from leaves and pseudobulbs (modified shoots) of Dendrobium parishii Rchb. f. on the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as lipid peroxidation biomarker, aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the muscle tissue of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). The shoots (pseudobulbs) with leaves of Dendrobium parishii cultivated under glasshouse conditions were sampled at M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden (NBG) (Kyiv, Ukraine). Since 1999, the whole collection of tropical and subtropical plants (including orchids) has had the status of a National Heritage Collection of Ukraine and is supported through State funding. Besides, NBG’s collection of tropical orchids was registered at the Administrative Organ of CITES in Ukraine (Ministry of Environment Protection, registration No. 6939/19/1-10 of 23 June 2004). The collected pseudobulbs and leaves were brought into the laboratory for biochemical studies. Freshly collected leaves were washed, weighed, crushed, and homogenized in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (in proportion 1:19, w/w) at room temperature. The extract was then filtered and investigated for its antioxidant capacity. The extract was stored at -20°C until use. The increase in TBARS level in the muscle tissue exposed to extracts derived from leaves and pseudobulbs of D. parishii was insignificant. The level of ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins was non-significantly decreased both for leaf and pseudobulb extracts compared to the untreated samples. The extracts obtained from leaves and pseudobulbs of D. parishii significantly increased the TAC level in muscle tissue due to inhibited the Fe2+/ascorbate-induced oxidation of Tween 80. Overall, these findings demonstrate that aqueous extracts of vegetative organs of Dendrobium parishii can enhance the total antioxidant capacity in the muscle tissue of the rainbow trout. Moreover, this antioxidant effect was more intensive for pseudobulb extracts.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROM AGLAONEMA COMMUTATUM SCHOTT LEAVES AND ITS CULTIVARS AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of Aglaonema commutatum Schott and its cultivars («Malay Beauty», «Silver Queen», and «Silver King») against Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™) strain. The leaves of Aglaonema commutatum plants and its cultivars, cultivated under glasshouse conditions, were sampled at M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden (NBG), National Academy of Science of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine). The leaves were brought into the laboratory for antimicrobial studies. Freshly sampled leaves were washed, weighed, and homogenized in 96% ethanol (in proportion 1:19) at room temperature. The extracts were then filtered and investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™) strain was used in our study. Antimicrobial activities of various ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of Aglaonema commutatum plants and its cultivars («Malay Beauty», «Silver Queen», and «Silver King») against Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™) strain was screened in the current study. The testing of the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was carried out in vitro by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The leaf extracts from A. commutatum «Silver Queen» and A. commutatum 'Silver King' exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the extracts from A. commutatum and A. commutatum «Malay Beauty». Maximum in vitro inhibition was scored by A. commutatum «Silver Queen», followed by A. commutatum «Silver King», A. commutatum, and A. commutatum «Malay Beauty». In particular, the leaf extracts from A. commutatum «Silver Queen» and A. commutatum 'Silver King' exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the extracts from A. commutatum and A. commutatum «Malay Beauty». Maximum in vitro inhibition was scored by A. commutatum «Silver Queen», followed by A. commutatum «Silver King», A. commutatum, and A. commutatum «Malay Beauty», which presented inhibition zones of (18.6±1.2) mm, (16.1±0.9) mm, (15.7±1.1) mm, and (13.5±1.0) mm, respectively. In the case of the positive controls, 96% ethanol possesses a mild anti-E. coli effect, which presented inhibition zones of (9.5±1.2) mm. The inhibition zone diameters were increased by 96% (p<0.05) for A. commutatum «Silver Queen», by 69 % (p<0.05) for A. commutatum «Silver King», by 65 % (p<0.05) for A. commutatum, and by 42 % (p<0.05) for A. commutatum «Malay Beauty». Thus, the use of these plants in traditional medicine and veterinary medicine was experimentally confirmed as a potential source of raw materials for the development of medicines in the future, as well as for the development of innovative feed for farm animals.

THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS DERIVED FROM LEAVES AND PSEUDOBULBS OF COELOGYNE FLACCIDA LINDL. (ORCHIDACEAE) AGAINST DIFFERENT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSSTRAINS

The present study was conducted to investigate in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves and pseudobulbsof Coelogyneflaccida against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC®25923™) (mecA negative), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC®29213™)(mecA negative, Oxacillin sensitive, weak β-lactamase-producing strain), Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493 (mecA positive, Methicillin-resistant, EUCAST QC strain for cefoxitin).The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on Muller-Hinton agar by the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol). The leaves and pseudobulbs of C. flaccida plants, cultivated under glasshouse conditions, were sampled at M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden (NBG), National Academy of Science of Ukraine. Freshly leaves and pseudobulbs were washed, weighed, crushed, and homogenized in 96% ethanol (in proportion 1:19) at room temperature. The extracts were then filtered and investigated for their antimicrobial activity. The cultivation medium was trypticase soy agar (Oxoid™, UK), supplemented with 10% defibrinated sheep blood. Cultures were grown aerobically for 24 h at 37°C. The cultures were later diluted with a sterile solution of 0.9% normal saline to approximate the density of 0.5 McFarland standard. The McFarland standard was prepared by inoculating colonies of the bacterial test strain in sterile saline and adjusting the cell density to the specified concentration. The examined ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves and pseudobulbs of C. flaccida showed remarkable antibacterial activities against different S. aureusstrains. The observed activity may contribute to the reasons why orchids are used for infectious and inflammatory conditions in ethnomedicine. The research showed that ethanolic extracts of C. flaccida possess the highest antibacterial potency against S. aureus NCTC 12493 strain. These findings led the authors to suggest that these extracts may be used as natural antiseptics and antimicrobial agents in medicine and veterinary practice. Nevertheless, despite the promising results, more research should be carried out to further evaluate the roles of particular compounds, isolated from all parts of orchid plants, attributable to antimicrobial activity.

The chemical composition of the fruit of Pyrus L. genus representatives

Aim. The article aimed at determining the content of the basic elements of the chemical composition (total contentof water, titrated acids and mass fraction of dry soluble substances) in the fruits of Pyrus L. genus representatives and the acidity of their cell sap (pH). Methods. The analyzed fruits had been gathered from plants of the species and pear cultivars collections growing in the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of NAS of Ukraine and Uman National University of Horticulture (P. communis L., P. pyrifolia (Burman f.) Nakai and ‘Glek’, ‘Kniahynia Olga’ and ‘Clapp’s Favorite’), as well as at M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (P. betulifolia Bunge, P. calle-riana Decne, P. elaegrifolia Pall., P. pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don., P. georgica Kuth.). The chemical composition of the fruits had been determined by conventional methods using pH tester (pH-150M), a refractometer (URL-1), and an atmospheric tray dryer (SUP-4). The level of titrated acids (in terms of malic acid) had been defined by the volume titration method according to DSTU EN12147–2003. Results. The pH in the studied Pyrus fruits varied from 3.2 to 4.8, indicating the acidic response of the cell sap of the fruits of the studied species and cultivars of pear. The water content of pear cultivars (85.83–90.0%) was higher than in Pyrus species (67.36–79.56%) except for P. pyrifolia (87.1%). In most of the studied Pyrus representatives (‘Glek’, P. betulifolia, P. calleriana, P. communis, P. pashia, P. georgica, P. elaegrifolia), the titrated acid index ranged from 0.18 to 0.25%. The lowest rates were in P. pyrifolia (0.11%) and ‘Kniahynia Olga’ (0.09%), and the highest ones were in the ‘Clapp’s Favorite’ (0.31%). The more soluble solids had been found in P. betulifolia, P. georgica, P. elaegrifolia, P. pashia, and P. calleriana (14.6–16.1%), whereas in the other species and cultivars their content did not exceed 8.2–12.4%. Conclusions. Thus, according to the complex of indicators, the fruits of species and cultivars of the genus Pyrus contained 67.36–90.00% of water, 8.2–16.1% of soluble solids, 0.09–0.31% of titrated acids, in the acidic cell sap reaction with pH was of 3.21 to 4.80. Based on the data obtained, the cultivars of ‘Clapp’s Favorite’ and ‘Kniahynia Olga’ can be used for fresh consumption, ‘Glek’—for drying, and P. pyrifolia — for involvement in the breeding programmes.

Pollen Characterization of English Honey from Worcestershire, West Midlands (UK)

Beekeeping in England, United Kingdom, is very popular since much of the country has favourable habitats for honey production. Worcestershire county, in the West Midlands region, has habitats typical of much of the lowland regions of England, comprising a patchwork of pasture with small woodlands, orchards, gardens, meadows, hedgerows, riverbanks and arable crops including oilseed rape and field bean, amongst others. While most beekeepers keep bees as a hobby, commercial honey companies do derive some of their honey from this region, from both smaller and large-scale producers. Pollen surveys of honey are useful for several reasons: to help determine honeybee forage activities for honey producers; to provide information for honey analysts and to compare with earlier surveys to see if habitat and climate change are altering foraging habits, which may also help with bee conservation. In the United Kingdom, peer-reviewed surveys of bee forage and honeys have been quite limited (Balfour, Fensome, Samuelson, & Ratnieks, 2015) but there are good sources of information available to the beekeeper about the likely sources of pollen, such as Kirk and Howes (2012) or Hodges (1984). Although observing bee activity can indicate which plants the bees are using for their various requirements, it may not always be clear which plants are contributing directly to the honey. Furthermore, an empirical, peer-reviewed study of the pollen content of honey in England has not been conducted since 1952 when Deans (1957) analysed 854 honey samples from across the British Isles, including 14 samples from Worcester (110 from the Midlands). Two recent DNA studies have also provided data on the floral composition of eight Welsh honeys and one from the Isle of Wight (Hawkins et al., 2015) and one for the National Botanic Garden of Wales (de Vere et al., 2017). The aim of this research was to characterize the typical pollen content of honey from Worcestershire in the West Midlands region of England.

Estimation of Ecosystem Carbon Stock and Tree Species Diversity at National Botanical Garden, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The study was conducted from January to April 2018 to estimate ecosystem carbon stock and tree species diversity at National Botanical Garden, Bangladesh. Transects line method square plots with a size of 20 m × 20 m were used. So altogether there were total eighty-three sample plots in National Botanical Garden. Above ground carbon (AGC) and below ground carbon (BGC) biomass stock was 192.67 and 31.34, respectively and soil organic carbon mean value of 27.52 Mg ha-1, 21.45 Mg ha-1 and 16.23 Mg ha-1, respectively for 0-10 cm depth, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm depth. The average number of tree species per hectare was 128 with a mean value of each plot 3.00 to 9.00 species. The average number of trees in National Botanical Garden (233 tree ha-1), basal area (21.45 m2 ha-1) and mean DBH (39.86 cm). Tree diversity range from 0.25 to 1.86 and the mean value of (0.93 ± 0.14) in National Botanical Garden. A relationship such as biomass carbon with the basal area, mean DBH, stem density and tree diversity were estimated. Among these, the relationship between basal area and biomass carbon showed positive significant correlation. Therefore, the results of the study confirmed that the selected botanical garden can serve as a valuable ecological tool in terms of carbon sequestration, diverse tree species and storage of soil organic carbon.

Research morphological and anatomical structure of herb Cyperus esculentus (Cyperus esculentus L.)

Cyperus esculentus (edible galingale, chufa, earth almond, tiger nutsedge) – Cyperus esculentus L. of the sedge family ( Cyperaceae ) today belongs to the new plant food resources used by mankind. This species can compete with traditional oilseed. In Ukraine, the Chufa culture has been known since the beginning of the XX century. The aim of the work is to study of the morphological and anatomical structure of the herb of the cyperus esculentus, suggested by the Department of New Cultures of the National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine named after M. M. Hryshko, and establishing its main diagnostic features. Materials and methods . The micronutrients were made of the chufa leaves fixed in a mixture of alcohol-glycerol-water (1:1:1) and investigated by conventional methods using Item: PB-2610 microscope; the photo results were taken with a Samsung PL50 camera. Results . During microscopic studies of plant material, attention was paid to the morphological structure of the stem, leaf, epidermal cell structure, type of leaf blade, presence, number and type of stomata. Conclusions . The morphological and anatomical structure of the herb of the cyperus esculentus (chufa) was investigated. The main morphological features are triangular stem, linear structure, sessile, with vagina and parallel veins, without lingula and pubescence, thin, entire leaves. Generative shoots are occasionally formed. The main diagnostic anatomical features of the leaf of cyperus esculentus: bilaterally type leaf blade, hypostatic, fistucid. The upper (ventral) epidermis of a leaf of a plant is large-cell without stomata, the lower (dorsal) – small-celled with stomata; tetracitic type stomata; mesophyll is poorly differentiated, a large area is occupied by large expanses of thin-walled halo; in subepidermal layers numerous idioblasts with brownish-orange content are observed; among the base cells of the upper epidermis are groups of 6 motor transparent, substantially vacuolated or dead, devoid of chloroplasts, cells containing water, sometimes including small cubic crystals of calcium oxalate; conductive fascicule of collateral leaf vein, central larger than lateral, lateral fascicule varying in size, located below the upper epidermis and in the columnar regions of the parenchyma.

Origin of remontant and non-remontant cultivars of groundcover roses Rosa L.

Purpose. Find out the common parental components used for creating rose cultivars with a procumbent shrub crown shape in combination with the signs of remontance, as well as develop a generalized pattern of the origin of groundcover rose cultivars from the collection of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBS).Methods. Analytical and graphic. Genealogies with schemes were drawn according to S. G. Saakov and D. A. Riexta method.Results. It was determined that all the studied cultivars of groundcover roses had species of the Synstylae DC. section as part of the pedigree: Rosa sempervirens L., R. wichurana Creˆp., and (or) R. setigera Michx. Also, the pedigree of all studied remontant cultivars (‘Magic Meidiland’, ‘Anadia’, ‘Candia Meillandeˆcor’, ‘Heideschnee’, ‘Nature Meillandeˆcor’, ‘Red Fairy’, ‘Swany’, ‘Scarlet Meillandeˆcor’, ‘Blanc Meillandeˆcor’) included rose cultivars of Floribunda groups and Muskusnaya rose hybrids, which are absent in non-remontant cultivars (‘Rote Max Graf’, ‘Nozomi’).Conclusions. Among the parental components in the pedigrees of the studied varieties of groundcover roses, which provided a procumbent crown shape specific to them, there were species of the genus Rosa L. of the Synstylae section: R. wichurana; R. sempervirens; R. setigera. All studied cultivars acquire the sign of remontance by crossing with cultivars of the Floribund group, whose origin is associated with the remontant species: R. chinensis Jacq. and R. odorata (Andrews) Sweet section of Chinenis DC. (Indicae Thory); due to R. rugosa Thunb., section of Cinnamomeae DC., with optional repeated flowering, and also due to cultivars of the Hybrid Musk rose group, which origin is associated with the remontant species R. moschata Herrm. Cultivars created from a combination of only non-remontant species R. wichurana, R. setigera, R. sempervirens with R. rugosa were non-remontant (‘Rote Max Graf’,‘Nozomi’). Visualization of relationships between parental components of different hierarchical le­vels and the studied variety is presented in the dendrograms. A generalized scheme of the origin of groundcover roses cultivars has been developed, which allowed to identify the relationship between remontant and non-remontant cultivars through common parental components that provided the key feature of the group – the procumbent shape of the crown of a shrub. The results of the study can be used as a basis for highlighting and granting official status to a group of groundcover roses in the unified International Classification of Roses, which is under development.

The collection fund of flowering and ornamental plants of the family Lamiaceae Martinov of M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Purpose. Analysis of the collection of flowering and ornamental plants of the Lamiaceae Martinov family of M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine according to taxonomic, floristic, ecological, biomorphological characteristics, assessment of the prospects of introduction and use of certain of flowering and ornamental plants of the Lamia­ceae family in the Northern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods. Analysis and synthesis of information, phenologi­cal, comparative morphological, biometric, introduction methods. Results. The collection fund of flowering and ornamental plants of the Lamiaceae family of M. M. Hrysh­ko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was analyzed in terms of taxonomic composition, life forms, natural habitats, relation to environmental factors (moisture, light, mechanical composition, soil fertility and acidity), phenorhythmotypes, flowe­ring periods, decorative characters, height, habitus and vegetative mobility. The bioresource potential of plants is reflected, species with medicinal, honey, food, spicy aromatic, essential oil, insecticidal, coloring characteristics are highlighted, which allows us to recommend or expand the use of certain species of plants in pharmacy, food production, fragrance industry, cosmetology and agriculture. Conclusions. A collection of flowering and ornamental plants of the Lamiaceae family of M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is a valuable asset, since it presents species that come from the four floristic kingdoms of the Earth and thirteen floristic regions, among which there are endemic and rare species or species with conservation status. The collection contains species of meadow, steppe, forest phyto­cenoses, various ecomorphs with respect to moisture, light, mechanical composition, soil fertility and acidity, as well as various plant groups for decorative properties and resource value. Based on the prognostic assessment, species planned to be introduced and included in the collection in the near future have been identified.

Safeguarding Wild Plant Genetic Resources of Georgia within the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership

Working group of the Department of Plant Conservation of the National Botanical Garden of Georgia (NBGG) have been participating in the global Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, led by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew since 2005. During the 2005-2018 period, within the scope of MSB-1 and MSB-2, seeds and herbarium samples of more than 1750 plant species and interspecific taxa, belonging to 107 families and 483 genera (more than 41% of Georgia’s flora) – 348 endemics of Caucasus and 151 endemics of Georgia, have been secured in the National Seed Bank of Georgia (NSB). Seed Bank data are managed in BRAHMS (Department of Plant Sciences of Oxford University). The collection of wild plant species is accompanied by the comprehensive database of geographical, botanical and habitat information. Later phase involves laboratory treatment and germination/viability testing (at least 500 seeds per species) and the long-term deposition and storage (under -20◦C temperature) at the National Seed Bank of Georgia. The duplicates of seed collection and herbarium vouchers are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Germination capacity and viability of collections in NSB is determined before cold storage of seeds, while at the MSB already banked seeds are tested.Keywords: Seed bank; Ex-situ conservation; Plant diversity; Botanical garden; Genetic resources

Assessment of genetic resources of medicinal plants collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the NAS of Ukraine

Aim. The purpose of the work was to analyze the collection fund of medicinal plants of the Medical Botany laboratory at M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. We used the methods of information analysis and synthesis and computer methods of information database processing. Results. The stages of collection formation, created by attracting seed and planting material from the natural flora of Ukraine and by exchange with the botanical gardens of Ukraine and the world are shown. Selection of the source material was carried out taking into account the introduction methods of genus complexes and climatic analogues. The carried out analysis of the taxonomic composition was represented by species belonging to 62 families. The collection has 388 species, including 385 flowering plants, 2 gymnosperms, 1 fern. Among them there are: 280 perennials, 52 biennials, 53 annuals. The introduced plants make up the significant percentage of the collections. Considerable attention is paid to the preservation of the collection fund valuable varieties. The rare and endangered medicinal plant species cultivated and conserving in the collection. Conclusions. The collection of the Medical Botany laboratory is a valuable gene pool of medicinal plants, including rare and endangered listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine; material is not only for scientific research, but it is also is a base of scientific and educational activities for students, post-graduate students and schoolchildren.
 Keywords: genetic resources, collection fund, medicinal plants, introduced plants, rare plants.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УЛЬТРАСКУЛЬПТУРИ СПЕРМОДЕРМИ НАСІННЯ ПРЕДСТАВНИКІВ РОДУ PYCNANTHEMUM MICHX. (LAMIACEAE LINDL.)

The result of the introduction of any type of plant is the final comprehensiveassessment, which is based on the results of a number of studies, the main placeamong which occupy morphological. Changes in the morphology of organs that plantscan acquire after introducing in new growth conditions characterize the adaptivepotential and lability of the species, and static characteristics - help in taxonomicidentification.The article presents the results of a comparative study of seeds (erems)of 2 species of the genus Pycnanthemum Michx. (Lamiaceae Lindl.): Pycnanthemumtenuifolium Schrad. and P. virginianum (L.) T. Durand & B.D. Jacks ex B.L. Rob &Fernald, introduced in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden NationalAcademy of Sciences of Ukraine (Right Bank Forest-Steppe). As for Ukraine,Pycnanthemum is a new representative of the cultural flora, in the context ofmorphological studies, the features of ultrasculpture of spermoderm of the seed arerevealed, since its features are considered constant and taxonomically significant, andinformation on this issue has not been revealed. he result of the research is the description and photocopied documented morphological features of the hens of twospecies of the genus Pycnanthemum: P. tenuifolium and P. virginianum, introduced inthe conditions of the National Botanic Garden. MM Grishko National Academy ofSciences of Ukraine (Right Bank Forest-steppe).It was found that the seeds of thesespecies are quite small and have a different type of relief. For the seeds P. tenuifoliumis characterized by roundness, combined relief, U-shaped bend of the scar, whereasthe P. virginianum seeds are indistinctly sculptural spermoderm, sharp longitudinalfaces, V-shaped bend of the scar. Presented descriptions are important as auxiliarytaxonomic features for the species identification of introducers of this genus.Keywords: introduction, genus Pycnanthemum, ultrasculpture, seeds, sign,spermoderm.

Оцінка колекційного фонду рослин роду Dahlia Cav. у Кременецькому ботанічному саду

У статті здійснено оцінку колекційного фонду роду Dahlia Cav. Кременецького ботанічного саду. Мета роботи – аналіз колекційного фонду роду Dahlia Cav. Кременецького ботанічного саду, оцінка декоративних показників та опрацювання головних напрямів збагачення, утримання колекції й подальше впровадження в озеленення. В основу роботи покладено матеріали інтродукційних досліджень 2018 р. Фенологічні спостереження проведено за загальноприйнятою методикою в ботанічних садах.В Україні вона відома з кінця ХVIII ст. Починаючи з 50-х років ХIХ ст., дослідження розпочали в Національному ботанічному саду ім. М. М. Гришка НАН України. На сьогодні вивченням сортів роду Dahlia займаються Г. Музичук, А. Дорошенко. Колекція нараховує 231 сорт.Колекцію жоржин у ботанічному саду Львівського національного університету ім. Івана Франка започатковано в 70-х рр. минулого сторіччя. Основним джерелом отримання сортового матеріалу були ботанічні сади Білорусі, Прибалтики, м. Києва та Москви, Польщі. На сьогодні колекція жоржин становить 107 сортів, дослідження проводять Я. А. Федоровська, А. І. Прокопів.Оскільки такі дослідження в Україні є фрагментарними, уважаємо актуальним вивчення та оцінювання декоративних ознак представників роду Dahlia у Кременецькому ботанічному саду. Інтродукцію цього роду розпочато з 2017 р.Для оцінки сортового розмаїття колекційного фонду жоржин використано аналітично-порівняльний метод. В аналізі колекційного фонду дотримувалися садової класифікації жоржини, розробленої М. П. Ященком.Наведено результати щодо розподілу рослин за групами. Відображено сорти колекції за головними кольорами: червоний (R) наявний у трьох культиварів різних садових груп, оранжевий (Or) – у восьми, темно-червоний (DkR) – в одного сорту, лавандовий, фіолетовий (L) – у двох, рожевий (Pk) – у двох, двоколірне забарвлення (Bi) мають вісім сортів, біле (W) – один, жовте (Y) – два, темний бленд (LB і DB) – два сорти. Досліджені сорти жоржин є перспективними для вирощування в умовах культури. Поповнення колекції роду Dahlia залишається основним завданням науково-колекційної роботи як способу збереження й збагачення рослинного різноманіття. Використання жоржин під час озеленення території дачної ділянки відіграє значну роль для досягнення запланованих декоративного та естетичного ефектів.

Biochemical features of the introduced population of Serratula coronata L. (Asteraceae) in Central Polissia of Ukraine

Purpose. To establish the biochemical composition of the above ground part of Serratula coronata L. (Crowned saw-wort) for introduction in Central Polissia of Ukraine. Methods. The object of research was the plants of S. coronata from the collection of the Botanical garden of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. Plant raw material was evaluated in the flowering phase in the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Cultural Flora of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanic Gardens of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine according to the relevant methods during 2014–2016. Results. The results of the study of phytochemical features of S. coronata under conditions of introduction in the Central Polissia of Ukraine in the flowering phase are given. Quantitative content of raw material in dry matter, total sugars, carotene, ascorbic acid, tannins, fats, free acids, macroelements of phosphorus, calcium and trace elements of iron, copper, zinc, manganese was revealed. Conclusions. The biochemical composition of the above ground part of S. coronata was determined for the first time in the conditions of introduction in Central Polissia of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the dependence of the content of biochemical compounds and macroelements on age characteristics of plants were determined. Plants of S. coronata of the third year of life were distinguished by the highest content of ascorbic acid, carotene and dry matter; two-year – organic acids, phosphorus, ash, common sugars; the fourth year of life – the content of oil and calcium. Significant amounts of vitamin C and iron were found in the raw material. The obtained results testify to the prospect of further study of the pharmacological properties of S. coronata in order to obtain new food products, bio-additives and phytopreparations enriched with biologically active substances and essential for human life.

The Role of Seed Banking Technology in The Management of Biodiversity in Indonesia

Indonesian biodiversity including the rich flora is facing various threats, including deforestation, habitat degradation, fire, natural disasters and climate change. Many ex situ conservation strategies have been implemented in response to this problem, including the development of new local botanic gardens in each province throughout Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the important role of seed banks in forming part of the botanic gardens’ collections management strategies – they now play an increasingly important role in saving the Indonesian flora from extinction. This study was conducted by undertaking a literature review and analysis of secondary data on the four largest botanic gardens of Indonesia. Currently there are 33 botanic gardens in Indonesia consisting of five national botanic gardens under Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI/Indonesian Institute of Sciences), two botanic gardens under universities and 26 botanic gardens managed by Local Goverments. Among the five national botanic gardens, four manage seed banks: the Seed Bank of the Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens/Bogor Botanic Gardens banks 749 accessions covering 460 species, 305 genera and 114 families; Cibodas Botanic Garden Seed Bank has 61 accessions covering 57 species, 57 genera, 40 families; Purwodadi Botanic Garden Seed Bank has 413 accessions covering 207 species, 134 genera and 46 families; and Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden Seed Bank maintains 132 accessions covering 89 species, 43 genera and 21 families. The Indonesian Botanic Garden Seed Banks thus hold 1,355 accessions in total, covering less than 1% of total Indonesian plant diversity. In order to increase this coverage, Indonesian seed banking capacity needs to be increased, through the technical development of existing seed banks and the engagement of local botanic gardens throughout Indonesia to establish mini seed banks using the community seed bank approach.