National Anthropometric Survey Research Articles

A Study on the Somatotype Characteristics of Adolescent Girls between the Ages of 13 and 18

This study analyzes the characteristics of somatotype changes of girls from the ages of 13 to 18 that provide basic data on clothing construction for middle and high school girls. We use data obtained from body measurements of 1,590 adolescent girls 13 to 18 years of age provided in the 6th national anthropometric survey report. The differences among the age groups for 56 direct measurements were analyzed by ANOVA, and the structures of the differences by SNK (Students-Newman-Keuls test) were analyzed. The two major growth ages were ‘ages 13-14’ and ‘ages 15-16’. The first major growth ages focused on all measurement items of height, length, circumference, breadth, depth and other items. The second one focused on measurement items of height and length of torso, circumference, and breadth of lower body. The major growth pattern of the age groups was ‘ages 13<14&15<16&17&18’ which appeared focused on the height and length items of upper body and torso, the width items of lower body and the circumference items of upper body and lower body. The measurement items of front length like waist front length, N.P. to B.P to waistline, N.P. to B.P., and B.P. to B.P. showed the growth pattern for ‘ages 13<14<15<16<17&18’.

Development human thermoregulation model for Korean young and older men

The Purpose of this research is to develop the Korean of human physiology model and thermal comfort assessment. As a first step, we developed models for young men and older men, which calculate the skin temperature of each body segments and predict the thermal sensation of indoor environment. The typical body for 20-30 (younger) and 40-50 (older) years old of Korean men modelled using the data that gathered from ‘National Anthropometric Survey of Korea 2010 (Size Korea)’. In order to calculate the surface area and mass of the models, these data used to calculate the surface area of each segment using the formula of Dubois and Dubois’s and the mass of each segment using a study of Stolwijk. Using the developed models, the local skin temperature was predicted and compared. In the neutral environment, the body parts in the 4-50s were smaller in surface area and mass than those in the 2-30s, resulting in smaller predicted skin temperatures. In case of the mass of the segment was increased, the change of skin temperature was different according to the part.

Anthropometry-based estimation of body heat capacity in individuals aged 7\u201369 years: the Size Korea Survey 2010

Although our previously developed anthropometry-based calculation of heat capacity (HC) for adults appeared to be precise and valid, its use in children and adolescents may be associated with bias. This study investigated a large dataset from the Size Korea survey, a national anthropometric survey conducted in 2010, to revalidate our previous HC equation and to develop another one that is appropriate for children and adolescents. We enrolled 12,766 participants aged 7–69 years with body composition data measured by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Age was associated with HC in children aged 7–19 years (R2 = 0.58) but not in adults (R2 = 0.007). Linear regression was appropriate to describe the relationship between HC and body surface area (BSA) in adults, whereas the regression in children and adolescent was quadratic. The previously developed HC equation had high reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.995) and predictive power (accurate prediction rate = 86.1%) in the >20 age group. The model composed of sex, body weight, BSA, and BSA2 was appropriate for the prediction of HC in young individuals aged 7–19 years. In conclusion, anthropometric-based modelling is a simple, reliable, and useful method for the calculation of HC.

Worker-Centered Design for Working Area in the Electronic Industry

Objective: This research provides a guideline for working area design in the electronic industry, considering gender differences of physical characteristics. Background: Co-work in the electronic industry requires workers of various physical properties to work cohesively in the conveyor line for mass production. This stresses the need for a worker-centered design of the workplace convenient for all the workers. Method: In this research, the 6th Size Korea (National Anthropometric Survey in Korea) report is referred to obtain the design measurements according to age and gender varieties. This information is used to provide the working area guideline concerning conveyor line workers of both genders aged 20 to 40. Results: Physical properties of workers and workplace design principles were obtained for application in the assembly, inspection, and material handling process in the electronic industry. Conclusion: Applying ergonomic design principles can provide safe and comfortable workplace for both genders. Application: This research can be fundamentally used in designing worker-centered workplaces.

남자 중·고등학생 교복치수 설정을 위한 신체치수 분석

This study analyzes the body sizes of young boys in order to categorize a sizing system for middle and high school uniforms. The study was based on the <TEX>$6^{th}$</TEX> National Anthropometric Survey (Size Korea 2010) data. The sample size consisted of 2,317 boys between the ages of 13 and 18 years. Most measurement items increased significantly relative to age and there was rapid growth between the ages of 13 and 14 years. The growth for the chest and hip was more than the waist. The drop value 1 (difference between chest circumference and waist circumference) and the drop value 2 (difference between hip circumference and waist circumference) increased remarkably from the age of 13 to the age of 15. Therefore, the waist size decreased and chest and hip became wider relative to the age increase. Middle school students had a smaller chest and hip circumference than high school students in the comparative body measurement results for middle school students (13-15 years) and high school students (16-18 years) of the same height group. The somatotype of high school students showed a long trunk length, broad chest and shoulder.

A Comparative Study on the Change Characteristics of the 4thto the 6thSize Korea's Anthropometric Data: Focused on the Boys Aged 13 to 18

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the change characteristics of boys among the ages of 13 and 18 years. This study is based on the 4 th to the 6 th national anthropometric survey(Size Korea) data. Background: Many changes can affect the body characteristics compared with the past. The significant changes were shown in Pepsi generation according to the report of national anthropometric survey of Korea 1997. Method: The subjects of the survey were 1,899 boys of the 4 th Size Korea, 1,587 boys of the 5 th Size Korea and 2,317 boys of the 6 th Size Korea, who were from 13 to 18 years old. The change characteristics were analyzed with anthropometric measurements, height index value and proportion. Results: Stature was increased in 17~18 years old age group of the 5 th and the 6 th Size Korea and height items of the lower body showed the tendency to increase as the 6 th Size Korea over the time. In the case of circumference items, the tendency to increase in the 5 th and the 6 th Size Korea was observed. If the 5 th and the 6 th Size Korea were compared, there were no changes of other circumference items but chest circumference of the 6 th Size Korea was decreased in comparison with the 5 th Size Korea. Waist breadth(natural indentation) was increased in the 6 th Size Korea in spite of chest breadth was decreased in the 5 th and the 6 th Size Korea. And shoulder length, biacromion length and bishoulder length were decreased. The proportion of chest circumference, abdominal extension circumference and hip circumference to waist circumference and the proportion of chest breadth to waist breadth(natural indentation) showed the tendency to decrease as the 6 th Size Korea over the time. Conclusion: There was no change of stature excluding 17~18 years old. Circumference items showed tendency to increase as the 6 th Size Korea over the time. Shoulder and chest breadth became narrow. The somatotype changed to board chest with narrow waist in comparison with the previous. Application: In this way, the body size of 13~18 years' old boys changes. If these change characteristics reflects to the school uniform design, research for the pattern development, and etc., these will be able to improve fit and satisfaction of clothes.

Error detection in three-dimensional surface anthropometric data

In recent years, the use of three-dimensional surface anthropometry has facilitated the collection of anthropometric data. Given the importance of reducing errors and securing data quality, data checking procedures are necessary. After an influential study done by Fellegi, I.P., Holt, C. [1976. A systematic approach to automatic edit and imputation. Journal of the American Statistical Association 71, 17–35], many survey organizations adopted data checking procedures to determine whether data are reliable or not. Detection of erroneous data is an essential part of data checking. An important feature of anthropometric data is that the data are continuous and multivariate and have strong correlations among variables. Because of the patterns of intermittent errors in multivariate data, data checking can be very complicated. The objective of this study is to propose an error detection procedure that uses a dynamic and interactive graphical method for anthropometric data. Furthermore, we present the results from applying this procedure to the data from the Korean National Anthropometric Survey, Size Korea 2004. Relevance to industry Anthropometric data provide a valuable source of information to ergonomists and designers. The results of this study can help to increase the reliability of anthropometric data collected by three-dimensional measurement approaches.

Comparison of body shape between USA and Korean women

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare body shape between USA and Korean women. It aims to analyze the distribution and proportion of body shapes of two countries and compare the differences of body shape according to age.Design/methodology/approachSizeUSA and SizeKorea measurement data were evaluated using the Female Figure Identification Technique for apparel system developed at North Carolina State University. Once the samples were defined by shape, comparisons were made of the distribution according to age and country through statistical analysis.FindingsThe paper finds that the largest shape category was the rectangle shape in both countries, but the distribution within each shape category for Korean women was different from that of USA women. More body shape categories were found in the USA women than in Korean women. In addition, most body shape categories had different body proportions when comparing the USA women and Korean women. The USA women had the higher measurements in the waist, high hip, and hips height and the larger measurements in the bust, waist, high hip, and hips circumference.Research limitations/implicationsOf the over 6,300 US female subjects in this study, only five failed to be identified by the seven shapes identified. These subjects had over 50.2 in. of hip circumference, over 10 in. larger hips than bust circumference, and over 15.5 in. larger hips than waist circumference. Further refinement of the mathematical definitions or a second group of criteria may be required for sorting the women that have no shape as defined by this study.Originality/valueThe opportunity to compare the body shapes between two very different countries, using national anthropometric survey data, is very rare, indeed. This comparison allows the opportunity to discover ways to improve the sizing systems of each country, as well as impact the development of international sizing standards that could have a significant impact on brands producing product for a variety of international consumers.

자동차 설계를 위한 한국인 3차원 표준 형상의 선정

The purpose of this study is to extract typical body shapes of Korean adults based on the three-dimensional Korean anthropometric data measured through 5<SUP>th</SUP> national anthropometric survey and to examine the suitability of the 3-D human shape data for the interior packaging. 36 three-dimensional anthropometric variables related to the design of vehicle interior were considered for the appraisal of typical body shapes. Four major factors were extracted by the factor analysis and factor scores were calculated for all subjects. Typical or standard drivers of Korean adults were selected by the minimum deviation criteria for the four factor scores with respect to 5<SUP>th</SUP>, 50<SUP>th</SUP>, and 95<SUP>th</SUP> percentiles, respectively. Typical drivers of Korean adults were visualized by the CATIA-HUMAN program due to the absence of proper application software for three-dimensionally scanned human body data. There are considerable differences between the anthropometric data of Korean adults and those provided by CATIA-HUMAN program, which shows that the modeling data provided by CATIA-HUMAN should not be directly applied to the ergonomic evaluation for the vehicle design. This suggests the necessity for the development of suitable software for scanned human shape data. It is also expected that the anthropometric data of typical drivers extracted from this study help design package layouts and improve the suitability of ergonomic evaluation for Korean customers.

한국인 발 형상 분류에 관한 연구

Recently, Korean's 3-D foot data have been extensively collected through 5<SUP>th</SUP> national anthropometric survey known as 'Size Korea'. In this study, Korean foot shape was investigated and subsequently classified, based on the existing standard for foot shaping. This study analyzed and categorized Korean foot shapes through the following methods. Although the data used in this study were limited to those of Korean adults, major factors affecting the foot shape were deduced and then categorically grouped by the multivariate statistical analysis. For those whose age ranged from 14 to 70, major factors affecting the foot shape for the male were related to foot breadth, ankle thickness, 1st toe shape, malleolus height, heel to top of the foot length, the ratio between toe-side and heel-side and 5<SUP>th</SUP> toe shape. For the female, the ball of foot height was added to the above factors. From the factors extracted, the Korean foot shape was categorized into three groups for the male and four groups for the female. They were the ladder type, the inverted triangle type and the square type. For the female, the triangular type was added to the three types. These findings will serve as useful information for the footwear production industry in Korea.

3-D Korean Body Typing for Vehicle Interior Design

The purpose of the study is to extract typical body shapes of Koreans based on their three-dimensional anthropometric data measured through 5th national anthropometric survey known as SizeKorea and to examine the suitability of the 3D human shape data for vehicle interior packaging. 36 three-dimensional anthropometric variables that are related to the interior design of vehicles were considered for the generation of typical body shapes. Major factors were extracted by the factor analysis and factor scores were calculated for all subjects with respect to age groups and gender. Typical or standard drivers of Korean, who must be tested for the suitability of design during the design process, were selected by the minimum deviation criteria for the major factor scores with respect to 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles, respectively. Since human models such as HUMAN are frequently used in vehicle design, it is of great importance to make sure that its dimensions conform to those of real Korean drivers. There exist critical differences between selected anthropometric data of Korean and modeling data provided by HUMAN. This suggests that comparative research about these differences need to be undertaken and any modeling data provided by computer human models should not be applied to the ergonomic evaluation for the vehicle design without a careful review. It is also expected that anthropometric data of a set of typical drivers extracted from the study help designers conduct package layouts and improve the suitability of ergonomic evaluation for Korean customers.

한국인의 의복 제작을 위한 체형별 사이징 체계 개발

Resulting anthropometric data recently measured and cataloged through 5th national anthropometric survey that is called Size Korea is highly useful in clothing industries. This study aims at suggesting a statistical methodology for apparel sizing that reflects recent changes in Korean anthropometry and improves customer fitness. Based on previous research on body types such as triangular, rectangular, inverted body types, etc., factors that represent human sizes were extracted and then clustered into groups by their body types. These body type-based groups with respect to the factors obtained yielded a sizing system of which the interval of each factor is of equi-distance by their factor scores. However, each interval of the sizing system is non-linear in terms of individual anthropometric variables. The sizing system being proposed in this study was compared to that of KS K 0050 and had a broader coverage for the Korean population surveyed. The apparel sizing scheme is expected to improve customer fitness when applied to garment sizing and to provide more information on what percentage of population is included in each classification.

인터넷 의류 판매원 한국인 가상모델 개발을 위한 연구 -20대 남녀 인체 프로모션을 중심으로-

This study was initiated to develop a methodology for devising Korean virtual models for apparel shopping at internet shopping site. The data base for this study was the Korean National Anthropometric Survey in 1997. The subjects were 493 women and 626 men in 20's. The researchers also measured 88 males and females in age 20's to suggest back and front depth proportions which are not available from the survey. The virtual models' figure types were classified by the heights, drop value and bust(chest) girth. It was evaluated whether it is needed to separate figure type with bust(chest) girth. The body sizes of virtual models were suggested for side view model and front view model in 13cm height. Four female virtual models were suggested for front view and side view. Eight male virtual models were suggested for front view and side view. Each virtual model's height, breadth and depth proportions were calculated. Shoulder breadth. Bust(chest) breadth, waist breadth, hip breadth and proportions were calculated for front view model. The bust(chest) depth, waist depth, abdomen depth, hip depth and proportions were calculated for side view model. Height proportions were suggested for female and male virtual models.

A study on the physical growth and development of Korean based on the '92 national anthropometric survey

A study on the physical growth and development of Korean based on the '92 national anthropometric survey

A discussion on the measurement of growth and form; secular changes in the heights of British people.

An inquiry has been completed recently involving comparisons of all the best records of heights of British adolescents and adults. They cover the period from about 1850 to the present day, and far more males than females are represented. The main object of the inquiry was to find out any changes there may have been in the age curve for height during the past hundred years. It is commonly supposed that the general situation regarding this question is known. The best records for British series of children are in good agreement in showing that height standards for particular ages were improving from decade to decade, if not from year to year. The latest generation was repeatedly found to have the highest mean heights for school years of age, and this secular trend was persistent. It has often been supposed that British people generally were becoming taller, so that the age curve for a filial generation would be found to be above that for the parental generation throughout the whole age range from birth to the oldest ages. But this is an inference based on the records for children and it might be incorrect. An alternative possibility is that there was a secular change in the rate of growth but that more rapid growth was associated with the attainment of maturity at a younger age; the faster growing children when mature might be no taller or shorter on the average than their parents were. The question could be examined directly by comparing the records collected at different times relating to the last stage of growth and adult years of life. The evidence has to be treated by making detailed comparisons of data for a considerable number of series and subseries of people. In this brief account of the inquiry it is only possible to indicate the more important general considerations involved and the principal results obtained. The records referred to are for a total of more than two million British men. The material is of a miscellaneous kind. It is due chiefly to various official and other bodies and to independent research workers whose activities were not co-ordinated. The need for a national anthropometric survey has often been advocated in this country, but one has never been established.

Proposed National Anthropometric Survey.

Proposed National Anthropometric Survey.