Nasolabial Region Research Articles

Charting facial growth and development for Bantu Africans: Central tendencies, variational properties and sexual dimorphisms.

Current studies on facial growth and development have been largely based on European populations. Less studied are African populations, who because of their distinct genetic makeup and environmental conditions, provide deeper insights into patterns of facial development. Patterns of facial shape development in African populations remain largely uncharacterised. Our study aimed to establish facial growth and development trajectories based on a cohort of 2874 Bantu Africans from Tanzania aged 6-18 years, with particular focus on identifying morphogenetic processes that lead to observed developmental shape changes. Procrustes ANCOVA suggested sexually dimorphic patterns of facial shape development (p = 0.0036). The forehead was relatively contracted during development in both sexes. The glabella region was more anteriorly displaced in females due to expansion in the region laterosuperior to the eyes. Nasal protrusion increased with development, which was found to arise from local expansion in the nasal alae and columella. Local expansion in the upper and lower labial regions resulted in forward displaced lips in both sexes, with the effect more pronounced in males. The mentum was displaced more anteriorly in females due to comparatively more expanded mental regions with development. The lateral facial region corresponding to the underlying body of the mandible were developmentally expanded but were posteriorly positioned due to protrusive growth of surrounding structures. Generalised additive modelling of Procrustes variance suggested that facial variation decreased non-linearly with age (p < 0.05). Relative principal component analysis suggested that variations in facial outline shape were developmentally constrained, whereas nasolabial and mental regions, where developmental changes were significant, became morphologically diversified with development. In contrast to simple descriptive illustration of facial shape development, we gained transformative insights into patterns of facial shape development by analysing morphogenetic processes and variational properties. Our analytical framework is broadly applicable to morphometric studies on ontogenetic shape changes.

Maxillary advancement surgery with vertical component: Impact on the nasolabial aesthetics

The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in nasolabial soft tissues following Le Fort I osteotomies, focusing on the impact of maxillary vertical repositioning.This retrospective study included 39 patients with a history of Le Fort 1 osteotomy between 2013 and 2021. Patients were grouped based on their maxillary movement into three categories: pure advancement (group A), advancement with impaction (group B), and advancement with downward repositioning (group C). Preoperative and postoperative CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) data were analyzed to measure the changes in nasolabial soft tissues. The current study utilized Mimics Suite 20.0 for measuring linear and angular variables. The evaluated variables included intercanthal distance, nasal dorsal length, tip protrusion, mouth width, alar width, upper lip height, nostril dimensions, and angles of nasolabial, alar base, and upper lip. Among them intercanthal distance, nasal dorsal length, or tip protrusion showed no statistical difference (p > 0,05). Mouth width, alar width, alar base angle were increased and upper lip angle was decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Changes in upper lip height and nasolabial angle differed among the groups of the study. While upper lip height increased significantly in groups A and C (p < 0.05), there was a slight decrease in Group B with no significance (p > 0.05). Nasolabial angle decrased significantly on Groups A and B (p < 0.05).The results of this study revealed changes in several soft tissue parameters, some of which occurred regardless of vertical repositioning of the maxilla. Within the limitations of the study, maxillary advancement surgery can affect the aesthetics of the nasolabial region and cause specific changes in related soft tissues. Understanding these changes is essential to establish realistic patient expectations and achieve optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Assessment of Nasal Aesthetic Parameters in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate – A Retrospective Study

Objectives To assess and compare the deviating nasal cephalometric parameters of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with a control group. The study also aims to correlate the deviating cephalometric parameters with two aesthetic scoring systems. Design A retrospective study. Setting Dental college and hospital. Participants Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and extra oral photographs of 20 adult patients with repaired UCLP presenting for orthodontic treatment. 20 patients with age and type of malocclusion matched control were selected. Main Outcome The nasal cephalometric parameters of patients with UCLP and a control group were compared. The nasolabial region of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) was scored using Asher McDade Aesthetic Index (AMAI) and Cleft Aesthetic Rating Scale (CARS). The scoring was done by six different groups assessors to study their perception of the nasolabial region. Correlation between cephalometric parameters and the aesthetic scores was done. Results The study found significant differences in nasal length ( P = .003) and depth ( P &lt; .001) between UCLP and the non-cleft control group. In the aesthetic assessment, orthodontist gave the least scores, while layman group scored the highest. The CARS nose aesthetic scores showed statistically significant high, negative correlation with the nasal length ( P = .01). Conclusion The cephalometric parameters and the aesthetic indices can be aid the orthodontists in the assessment of nasolabial aesthetics and additionally refer for further definitive rhinoplasty to improve the patient's overall facial aesthetics.

Nasal profile changes after LeFort I osteotomy (maxillary advancement) with and without ANS reduction in class III skeletal patients: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundDentofacial malformation is a common condition that affects a significant portion of the population, resulting in functional and aesthetic defects. Orthognathic surgeries, such as LeFort I osteotomy, are performed to correct these abnormalities. However, the impact of these surgeries on nasal profile changes remains unclear. Additionally, the role of anterior nasal spine (ANS) reduction in maxillary advancement surgeries of 3–5 mm range is yet to be determined. This study aims to investigate the effect of ANS reduction on soft tissue profile changes following LeFort I osteotomy with a maxillary advancement range of 3–5 mm in class III skeletal patients. The hypothesis is that the changes in nasolabial angle and upper lip length will not significantly differ between patients who undergo LeFort I osteotomy with and without ANS reduction.Method and designThis study is designed as a randomized controlled trial. A total of 26 class III skeletal patients with maxillofacial abnormalities will be recruited from the maxillofacial clinic of Bu-Ali and Farahikhtegan Hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to two groups: one group will undergo LeFort I osteotomy with ANS reduction, and the other group will undergo LeFort I osteotomy without ANS reduction. The soft tissue profile changes, specifically the nasolabial angle and upper lip length, will be evaluated and compared between the two groups.DiscussionAchieving facial harmony through orthognathic surgery requires careful planning and consideration of the impact on surrounding soft tissue. The primary objective is to predict and plan for the effects on the nasolabial region. LeFort I osteotomy is a common procedure used to correct dentofacial deformities, particularly in class III patients. Maxillary advancement during this surgery can lead to changes in nasal tip position, width, and rotation, potentially due to repositioning of the anterior nasal spine and soft tissue dissection. In this study, soft tissue changes will be assessed in non-growing class III patients using cephalometric radiographs. The impact of reducing the anterior nasal spine (ANS) on nasal profile changes will be investigated for maxillary advancements of 3–5 mm. Objective measurements and patient-reported outcomes will be evaluated to gain insights into the aesthetic outcomes of orthognathic surgery. The findings will provide valuable guidance for treatment decisions and alternative options based on expected nasal profile changes.Trial registrationThis project was registered at The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Identifier No. IRCT20210928052625N1, Website: https://www.irct.ir/trial/59171) and Open Science Framework (OSF) (Registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X3HD4). 2021-06-09.

Ultrasonographic features of nonvascular complications of hyaluronic acid fillers: a retrospective study at a reference center for dermatologic ultrasonography

Hyaluronic acid filler injections have been associated with early, temporary, and delayed-onset complications. High-resolution ultrasound with Doppler analysis has been increasingly used to detect and identify such complications. We comprehensively describe the most common ultrasonographic findings of nonvascular complications associated with hyaluronic acid filler injections. This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at a reference center for dermatologic ultrasound in Bogotá, Colombia. Ultrasound reports documented the ultrasonographic findings of nonvascular complications of hyaluronic acid filler injections. Fifty-two complications were documented in a cohort of 50 patients (women, 88%). The infraorbital region was the most common site affected (23%), followed by the nasolabial region (22%). The Tyndall effect was the most common complication (25% of all), followed by changes in rheology (21%) and pseudosarcoidal (foreign body granuloma) reaction (15%). The Tyndall effect stood out for its distinctive ultrasonographic characteristics. We discuss the ultrasonographic findings and pathogenesis of other complications, including filler migration, early hypersensitivity, aseptic abscess, overcorrection, and filler material interaction. The clinical presentation of hyaluronic acid filler complications can be confusing, delaying timely diagnosis and treatment. High-resolution ultrasound with Doppler analysis is a valuable tool for avoiding unnecessary treatments and ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment.

Human Demodex mites (Acari: Demodicidae) as a possible etiological factor in Rosacea: A cross-sectional study from Turkey

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and burden of Demodex mites in patients with rosacea, and to investigate their potential contribution to the aetiology of rosacea. The study included 82 patients (44 with papulopustular rosacea and 38 with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea) diagnosed with rosacea by clinical examination and 82 healthy controls without dermatologic disease. Samples were obtained from each participant from the cheek, nasolabial, and chin regions using standardised skin surface biopsy (SSSB). Samples were examined under a light microscope, and Demodex species were identified and counted. Demodex positivity (≥5 mites) was detected in 91% of patients and 20% of controls in the study (p&lt; 0.01). Only D. folliculorum (total 1328, mean 44.27/cm2) was detected in 37% of patients and D. folliculorum + D. brevis coinfection (total 6071, mean 134.91/cm2) in 55% of patients. Only D. folliculorum (total 97, mean 6.06/cm2) was detected in 20% of healthy controls, while D. folliculorum + D. brevis co-infection was not detected. The study showed that Demodex burden in patients with rosacea was approximately 30 times higher than in healthy controls and was caused by coinfection of D. folliculorum and D. brevis (mean Demodex burden: 179.18/cm2 in patients, 6.06/cm2 in healthy controls). It was concluded that Demodex infestation, especially co-infection with D. folliculorum and D. brevis, may be a potential factor in the aetiology of rosacea that should not be ignored in the clinic, and that it may be appropriate to initiate antiparasitic treatment when the parasite is detected.

Evaluation of nasolabial esthetics in 8- to 12-year-old patients with cleft lip and palate by healthcare professionals in Northeast Thailand.

To assess the aesthetics of the nasolabial appearance of patients with cleft lip and palate aged 8-12 years by experienced and inexperienced professionals. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 patients with cleft lip and palate, who underwent surgery and follow-up treatment at the Cleft Center. The research tools included a parent-completed survey providing GO graphic data and two-dimensional frontal view photographs of patients from both left and right sides. The aesthetic of the lip, nose, and nasolabial region was evaluated by an experienced and inexperienced medical professional team in groups of four individuals. In addition, data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, mean values, standard deviations, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The average age of patients was 10.32 years, mainly male (65.63%), had unilateral cleft lip and palate (62.50%), and underwent bone grafting (96.88%). Regarding the assessment in three aspects, the aesthetic score assessed by experienced evaluators is fair level (2.64 ± 1.09) with an acceptable value of 0.73. In contrast, the inexperienced evaluator showed a high level (2.43 ± 0.83) with a high inter-rater reliability acceptable value of 0.60. Inexperienced evaluators showed higher scores for the lip and nasolabial region than experienced evaluators, which was statistically significant (p-values < 0.01). The inexperienced evaluators showed significantly higher scores for appearance than experienced evaluators. This result can improve surgical techniques in future procedures to meet the needs of patients seeking lip and nasolabial appearance corrections across different age groups.

Periapical Cyst Forming Cutaneous Sinus Tract: Unusual Presentation-Case Report.

A cutaneous sinus tract due to periapical cyst being very rare may easily be misdiagnosed, leading to incorrect treatment. Identifying the etiology is difficult, but it is the key to effective therapy. The case presented here is a cutaneous sinus tract in the nasolabial region of odontogenic origin. After surgery and extraction of the tooth, the sinus tract healed remarkably (Belmehdi et al. in Contemp Clin Dent 9:314-318, 2018; Latifa et al. in Clin Case Rep 10:e05333, 2022).

3D assessment of the nasolabial region in cleft models comparing an intraoral and a facial scanner to a validated baseline

We aimed to validate the metric accuracy of a 3-dimensional (3D) facial scanner (FS) and an intraoral scanner (IOS) in capturing the nasolabial region in ex vivo unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) models. The nasolabial region of 10 UCLP models was scanned using a 3D FS as well as an IOS and a previously validated stationary 3D scanner as a reference. Intraoral scan was performed directly on the UCLP models. In order to apply the FS on the models, they were embedded in a 3D printed sample face. Both test groups were aligned to the reference by applying a section-based best-fit algorithm. Subsequent analysis of the metric deviation from the reference was performed with a 3D analysis tool. Mean distance and integrated distance served as main parameters for surface and volume comparison. Point comparison served as an additional parameter. Statistical analysis was carried out using t-test for unconnected samples. Considering mean distance and integrated distance as main parameters for 3D evaluation of the scanner’s accuracy, FS and IOS differ significantly in their metric precision in scanning the cleft model compared to the reference. The IOS proved to be significantly more accurate than the FS compared to the previously described stationary 3D scanner as reference and validated baseline. Further validation of the tested IOS and FS for 3D assessment of the nasolabial region is presented by adding the previously validated ATOS III Triple Scan blue light scanner as a reference. The IOS shows, compared to a validated baseline scan, significantly higher metric precision in experimental cleft model scanning. The collected data provides a basis for clinical application of the IOS for 3D assessment of the nasolabial region.

DIAGNOSIS OF GORLIN-GOLTZ SYNDROME: CLINCIAL CASE REPORT

The diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome involves clinical, radiographic, and histopathological aspects. Computed tomography contributes to the evaluation of the characteristics, to the extension of cystic lesions, and to the diagnosis of signs, such as calcifications in the falx cerebri. A 22-year-old male presented a complaint of halitosis. Upon extraoral examination, a slight increase in volume in the lower third of the right face, suggestive of a cystic lesion in the soft tissue, and a scar on the skin of the nasolabial region, were noted. Tomographic imaging revealed hypodense lesions involving impacted teeth, two in the maxilla (with extension to the maxillary sinuses) and two in the mandible. The intraosseous lesions underwent biopsy, and the histopathological findings were consistent with keratocysts. Intracranial calcifications were also detected. Additionally, an anatomical alteration of the incisive foramen and nasal cavity was identified. Basal cell carcinomas were not observed. The patient is undergoing follow-up. The diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome involves clinical, radiographic, and histopathological aspects. Computed tomography contributes to the evaluation of the characteristics, to the extension of cystic lesions, and to the diagnosis of signs, such as calcifications in the falx cerebri. A 22-year-old male presented a complaint of halitosis. Upon extraoral examination, a slight increase in volume in the lower third of the right face, suggestive of a cystic lesion in the soft tissue, and a scar on the skin of the nasolabial region, were noted. Tomographic imaging revealed hypodense lesions involving impacted teeth, two in the maxilla (with extension to the maxillary sinuses) and two in the mandible. The intraosseous lesions underwent biopsy, and the histopathological findings were consistent with keratocysts. Intracranial calcifications were also detected. Additionally, an anatomical alteration of the incisive foramen and nasal cavity was identified. Basal cell carcinomas were not observed. The patient is undergoing follow-up.

Clinical Evaluation of Modified Technique of Alar Base Cinch Suture to Prevent Widening of Alar Base.

Following Lefort I osteotomy, widening of the alar base is the most common secondary postoperative change resulting in deepening of the alar facial groove, which may be unaesthetic. Therefore, various surgical techniques to control lateralization of the alar base have been widely described in the literature. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cause and to prevent the changes in the nasolabial region, especially excessive widening of the alar base following Lefort I osteotomy by using modified alar base cinch suture. Twenty patients with the diagnosis of maxillary retrognathism or vertical maxillary excess requiring Lefort I osteotomy with superior repositioning or advancement were included in this prospective, non-randomized clinical study. Following Lefort I osteotomy, the widening of alar base was managed using modified alar base cinch suture. The mean alar width preoperatively was 41.09 ± .38mm, intra-operatively it was 43.69 ± .28mm, and after 6months, it was 41.93 ± .47mm. Statistical analysis using paired t test revealed that there was a significant change in alar width after placing alar base cinch suture. The results of the current study show that the modified alar cinch suture technique is effective in preventing flaring of the alar base in case of Lefort I osteotomies with superior repositioning or advancement.

Growth patterns of the nasolabial region following unilateral cleft lip primary repair.

Surgical correction is the optimal way of repairing a congenital cleft lip. Patients with this condition often undergo initial surgical treatment at an early age and achieve an acceptable outcome. However, their levels of satisfaction will decrease in later stages of life as facial growth and development will inevitably cause changes in long-term outcomes, especially in the nasolabial region. Therefore, it is important for surgeons to understand nasolabial development after primary treatment and tailor their surgical techniques appropriately. This review focuses on the growth patterns of the nasolabial region after primary repair, so as to provide references for operative strategy.

Analysis of the epidemiology, coexisting skin diseases, and variables affecting seborrheic dermatitis severity

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common chronic skin disease that has a repeating future. SD affects between 1 and 3% of adults with normal immunity. Recent studies have shown that many cutaneous diseases, including SD, are associated with other skin conditions. In this current study, we aimed to assess the epidemiology, comorbid skin diseases accompanying the SD, and factors affecting the severity of the SD. This was a prospective study conducted in dermatology departments between January 2020 and December 2020. The baseline demographic data was recorded. Disease severity was assessed according to the Seborrheic Dermatitis Area and Severity Index (SDASI) scoring system. In this study, 211 patients with SD (92 men and 119 women) were included. The mean age of the patients was 32.51±15.31 years (range: 11–82). The mean disease duration was 38.59 months (range: 1–720 months). Emotional distress was the most common trigger, followed by seasons. The scalp, eyebrows, ears, nasolabial region, forehead, intermammary, postauricular area, and back were the body parts most frequently afflicted. 43 out of 211 patients had concomitant systemic diseases, and 64.5% of the patients had concomitant skin diseases. Also, almost half of the patients applied in the winter. The mean SDASI was 2.92±1.2 (range 0.3–8.1). In this study, SD was more commonly reported in females and the winter. Disease severity was higher in smokers and patients who applied in the summer. The severity of SD was unaffected by concomitant skin disease, gender, age, educational level, working status, skin type, alcohol consumption status, presence of trigger factors, comorbid skin and systemic diseases, and family history of SD or skin diseases. To improve the quality of life for SD patients, factors impacting disease severity should be carefully managed.

Medial canthus reconstruction with a propeller skin flap from the nasolabial fold region

Medial canthus reconstruction with a propeller skin flap from the nasolabial fold region

Autologous fat grafting in patients with volume restoration, soft tissues and skin defects correction

Objective. To analyze the results of fat grafting in volume restoration, soft tissues and skin defects correction.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Autologous fat grafting was performed for aesthetic soft tissues correction in 30 women, as well as in 3 patients with long-term non-healing trophic ulcers to obtain a regenerative effect. Subcutaneous fat aspiration was implemented using standard liposuction techniques, water jet, mechanical and syringe.&#x0D; Results. The volume of fat graft varied depending on the area requiring correction, and averaged 90 (33195) ml. The areas, most often subjected to fat grafting, were the mammary glands 10 (33 %), shins 8 (27 %), buttocks 5 (17 %), hands 2 (7 %), lips and nasolabial region 2 (7 %), the outer surface of the thigh 1 (3 %). Despite partial decrease of fat graft volume in the postoperative period, all patients were satisfied with the results; no complications of the procedure were noted. The preparation of fat graft for the correction of trophic defects included its washing with saline and filtering with 1.4 and 1.2 mm anaerobic fat transfers; the fat was grafted through a 2 mm cannula into the subcutaneous tissue directly under and around the ulcerative defects. It improved the regeneration of the epithelium around the trophic ulcers and reduced their size.&#x0D; Conclusions. Thus, the efficiency and safety of using the technique of autologous fat grafting for volumizing and regenerative purposes has been clinically confirmed.

Soft and Hard Tissue Changes and Facial Rejuvenation of Anterior Maxillary Segmental Osteotomy: A Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Study.

To explore the efficacy of anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy (AMSO) in reliving maxillary protrusion and better analyze the three-dimensional (3D) morphological changes of the postoperative nasolabial region using computed tomography (CT) and evaluate the trend of facial rejuvenation. Forty-five patients who underwent AMSO from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively included. CT and oriented photography were performed before and 10 months after the treatment. The mimics17.0 software was used to reconstruct the 3D CT scan results before and after the operation, measure the data of each anatomical index, and systematically evaluate the soft tissue changes in the nasolabial region. The patients themselves, the plastic surgeons, family members, or friends of patients use the Face-Q Age Appraisal Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to evaluate the changes in patients' visual age before and after the operation. Forty-five cases of maxillary protrusion were alleviated.Seen from the side, the protruding degree of the upper lip is obviously reduced.In the front view,∠Cont-Sbal-F, the width of alar base, andalae nasi all increased significantly. Contrary to traditional perceptions, the protrusion and height of the nose tip actually increased rather than decreased after AMSO. The visual age score improved positively, and patients obtained facial rejuvenation. No serious complications occurred; after 10-month follow-up, we achieved a high degree of satisfaction. AMSO can significantly improve the maxillary protrusion, and it can increase the protrusion and height of the nose tip. Also, patients can get a younger appearance. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation and postoperative nasolabial morphology with maxillary protrusion patients are helpful for correct clinical decision-making. At the same time, the operation suggests a new choice of facial rejuvenation for patients with maxillary protrusion. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Is the Nasolabial Region Symmetric in Individuals With Cleft Lip and Palate?

To assess the nasolabial symmetry in smile and resting position in individuals with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compare with Class I individuals without cleft lip and palate (CLP). Frontal photographs of 40 individuals with UCLP (mean age 14.30 ± 0.25 years; 20 female, 20 male) and 40 skeletal Class I individuals without CLP (mean age 14.60 ± 0.34 years; 20 female and 20 male) were examined. Bland-Altman Levels of Agreements, Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t-test were conducted, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for statistical analysis. Differences in the transverse lip distance (d-d') and vertical lip height at crista philtri (e-e') were lesser in the UCLP group at smile (P = .001; P = .005, respectively). When comparing the differences in these measurements at rest between control and UCLP groups, vertical lip height was longer at crista philtri (e-e') (P = .014), crista philtri was more laterally located (f-f') (P = .002), and the transverse lip distance was greater (d-d') (P = .004) in the UCLP group. Distance of the crista philtri to the midline of the face (f-f') (P = .007) were higher in the UCLP group during smiling compared to control group. Nasolabial region asymmetry in smiling and rest position in individuals with UCLP was significantly different from the control group. However, the asymmetry in the nasolabial region, which is more evident in the resting position in individuals with UCLP, decreases during smiling.

Study protocol for thermographic analysis of the nasolabial fold region in women submitted to hyaluronic acid filling

INTRODUCTION: Due to the increasing number of cases with immediate and late complications caused by the action of facial fillers such as hyaluronic acid (HA), there is an urgent need to better evaluate the effect of these aesthetic and functional procedures. In this sense, it is relevant to use Infrared Thermography (IRT) as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of local dysfunctions. This diagnostic method allows the professional who applies the injections to be certain about the condition of the microcirculation of the anatomical site being treated, enabling the possibility of early intervention in case of adverse effects, such as the development of microbubbles, vascular compression, among other conditions. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to describe the thermal coefficient of the nasolabial sulcus (NLF) region of patients undergoing HA filling, using TRI. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This is a prospective study involving 25 female patients from a private clinic. Thermal imaging will be performed before, immediately after, 1 hour, 3 hours, and 1 month after filling the NLF region with AH. Study approved by CAAE: 34546620.7.0000.5544. RESULTS: The result of this study will allow preventive follow-up and early intervention in cases of vascular alterations related to facial fillings with AH.

Bilateral Nasolabial Cyst: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review

A nasolabial cyst (NLC) is a rare, non-odontogenic cyst, usually located unilaterally in the nasolabial fold. The incidence is increasing in women and adult age groups. Bilateral nasolabial cysts are rare and the number of cases reported in the literature is limited. NLC emerges as a slowly growing painless swelling in the nasolabial region and superior gingivolabial sulcus. It is generally asymptomatic. It may cause wiping in the nasolabial folds, facial deformity, and nasal obstruction as a result of elevation on the nasal base. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography can divulge the cystic character of the NLCs in more elaboration and reliability, their relationships with the nasal alas and maxillary bone, and bone involvement that facilitates the diagnosis. The sublabial approach is the most popular and well-appointed operation, in which a larger surgical area and a full resection are secured further. Here, we report a 21-year-old woman who consulted our clinic with nasal obstruction and face swelling, who was later diagnosed with bilateral NLC upon pathological examination. Unlike its precedents seen in the literature with bilateral NLC, the young age of the patient renders this case unique.

Reliability of cone beam CT for morphometry of nasolabial soft tissue in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion: A qualitative and quantitative analysis.

To assess reliability of cone-beam CT (CBCT) for nasolabial soft tissue measurements in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion based on 3-dimensional (3D) facial scanner results. CBCT and 3D facial scan images of 20 orthognathic patients are used in this study. Eleven soft tissue landmarks and 15 linear and angular measurements are identified and performed. For qualitative evaluation, Shapiro-Wilk test and Bland-Altman plots are applied to analyze the equivalence of the measurements derived from these two kinds of images. To quantify specific deviation of CBCT measurements from facial scanner, the latter is set as a benchmark, and mean absolute difference (MAD) and relative error magnitude (REM) for each variable are also calculated. Statistically significant differences are observed in regions of nasal base and lower lip vermilion between two methods. MAD value for all length measurements are less than 2 mm and for angular variables < 8°. The average MAD and REM for length measurements are 0.94 mm and 5.64%, and for angular measurements are 2.27° and 3.78%, respectively. The soft tissue results measured by CBCT show relatively good reliability and can be used for 3D measurement of soft tissue in the nasolabial region clinically.