Nasal Polyps In Children Research Articles

Endotypes of Nasal Polyps in Children: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

Nasal polyps (NPs) are rarely reported in childhood and usually represent red flags for systemic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and immunodeficiencies. The European Position Paper released in 2020 (EPOS 2020) provided a detailed classification and defined the correct diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We report a one-year experience of a multidisciplinary team, made up of otorhinolaryngologists, allergists, pediatricians, pneumologists and geneticists, with the aim of ensuring a personalized diagnostic and therapeutic management of the pathology. In 16 months of activity, 53 patients were admitted (25 children with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis and 28 with antro-choanal polyp). All patients underwent phenotypic and endo-typic assessment, using proper classification tools for nasal pathology (both endoscopic and radiological), as well as adequate cytological definition. An immuno-allergic evaluation was carried out. Pneumologists evaluated any lower airway respiratory disease. Genetic investigations concluded the diagnostic investigation. Our experience enhanced the complexity of children's NPs. A multidisciplinary assessment is mandatory for a targeted diagnostic and therapeutic pathway.

New opportunities with biologic treatments in pediatric allergic and respiratory diseases.

In the last 20 years, the introduction of monoclonal antibodies has dramatically changed allergic diseases. At present, several monoclonal antibodies are approved for treating asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic spontaneous urticaria, and chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps in children.Biologics have also changed the management of these diseases in the pediatric population, tending toward personalized medicine based on the type‐2 inflammatory pattern.

Nasal Polyps in Children: The Early Origins of a Challenging Adulthood Condition.

Nasal polyps (NPs) are benign inflammatory masses causing chronic nasal obstruction, usually associated with underlying chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which are rarely reported in childhood. The interest in NPs has recently increased due to new therapeutic options, namely biological agents, such as dupilumab, and an update of the European position paper on this topic was released in 2020, providing a detailed classification for these lesions and also discussing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches also in children. In childhood, NPs usually represent red flags for systemic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiencies. This review outlines the recent data on NPs in childhood, focusing on predisposing factors for CRS as well as on the potential endotypes in this particular age group, for which further studies are required in order to better clarify their pathogenesis and to identify molecular biomarkers that could help achieve more personalized treatments.

P052 Characteristic of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in children of the Russian Federation with cystic fibrosis

P052 Characteristic of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in children of the Russian Federation with cystic fibrosis

Sinonasal Manifestations in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: Involvement of the upper respiratory tract and pathological changes in the nose and paranasal sinuses are common in patients with cystic fibrosis. Objectives: We aimed to identify sinonasal manifestations in Iranian children with cystic fibrosis. Methods: Forthy seven children with cystic fibrosis were enrolled and symptoms related to the nose and paranasal sinuses were recorded using a questionnaire. The patients’ nasal and sinus CT scan were investigated in terms of findings related to cystic fibrosis. Results: The most common complaint was nasal congestion (61.7%). Ground glass opacity in the nasal cavity was found in 63.8% of the patients. Postnasal drip was observed in 36.2% of the patients. In nasal endoscopic examination, 15 (31.9%) patients had clear polyps in the nasal cavity. Conclusions: History, CT scans, and initial clinical examination (rhinorrhea in anterior rhinoscopy) does not allow accurate diagnosis of chronic rhino sinusitis or nasal polyps in children with cystic fibrosis.

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery improves the quality of life in children suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of FESS in children with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, regarding their overall postoperative quality-of-life (QoL) and constituent QoL domains. Potential differences between cystic fibrosis (CF) sufferers and non-sufferers, or cases with recurrent sinonasal polyposis versus single-operations were also explored. Methods39 children were studied. The mean patient age was 10.9 years; four children suffered from cystic fibrosis. The children (or parents) completed the Glasgow Benefit Inventory for Children (GCBI) at least six months after their operation. The Mann-Whitney test compared the GCBI scores between non- and CF sufferers, as well as children with and without recurrent polyposis. ResultsThe median overall QoL score was 98. There were no statistically significant differences between CF sufferers and non-sufferers regarding their overall QoL, or the respective individual QoL domains, apart from their physical postoperative activity (p = 0.04). Twelve children demonstrated recurrent polyposis (30.7%); among them three were cystic fibrosis sufferers. No statistically significant differences were identified in the overall QoL score, or individual GCBI subscale scores between children with recurrent polyposis versus single-operations. Children with recurrent polyposis but not CF performed better regarding their overall QoL (p = 0.021) and medical status (p = 0.015), compared to their CF counterparts. ConclusionFESS performed for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in children is associated with improved postoperative QoL, irrespective of the presence of CF (although the latter needs to be confirmed in larger patient cohorts). The absence of appreciable differences in the overall QoL, or its constituent domains, between single and re-operated children, indicate that the positive effect of FESS outweighed the burden of re-operation. Appropriate preoperative informed consent in cases of recurrent sinonasal polyposis necessitates acknowledging worse respective outcomes in CF sufferers.

Use of the SNOT-22 and UPSIT to appropriately select pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis who should be referred to an otolaryngologist: cross-sectional study.

Sinonasal disease and, specifically, nasal polyps, occur frequently in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). As survival rates have improved, it has become imperative that otolaryngologists become involved in the care of patients with CF to provide appropriate medical and surgical interventions for sinonasal disease. Despite significant variability in the subjective reporting of clinical symptoms, previous work has suggested there may be a relationship between clinical indicators and sinonasal disease in this population. To determine whether the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), and other measures of sinonasal disease could be used to predict the presence of subclinical nasal polyps in children with CF. This was a cross-sectional study performed from May 2012 through April 2013 at a cystic fibrosis clinic at BC Children's Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. There were 72 eligible children with CF for this study (with a confirmed diagnosis of CF based on genetic testing; their ages ranged from 6 to 18 years, and they were not actively being treated by an otolaryngologist). Thirty-seven of these patients (23 males, 14 females) consented to participate in this study. Twenty-three declined participation, and 12 could not be contacted. Potential clinical predictors for the presence of subclinical nasal polyps were determined a priori. All 37 recruited participants completed a full study assessment. Nasal endoscopy (the gold standard) was performed to determine the presence of nasal polyps. Potential predictors that were assessed included age, sex, genotype, pancreatic function, SNOT-22 and UPSIT scores, oral culture swab result, and severity of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)). A SNOT-22 score of greater than 11 was the only statistically significant predictor of nasal polyps (P = .04). The positive predictive value was 68.1%, the negative predictive value was 66.7%, and the positive likelihood ratio was 1.82. Given that the SNOT-22 is easy to administer and inexpensive, this sinus disease-specific questionnaire seems to be an appropriate tool for routine use by respirologists when assessing patients with CF to help predict subclinical nasal polyps.

Safety of mometasone furoate nasal spray in the treatment of nasal polyps in children

Mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) improves nasal symptoms and reduces polyp size in adults with nasal polyposis. This 4-month, multinational, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to assess the safety of MFNS in pediatric subjects aged 6-17yr. Subjects aged 6-11yr with bilateral nasal polyps received MFNS 100μg once or twice daily or placebo; those aged 12-17yr received MFNS 200μg once or twice daily or placebo. End-points included change in 24-h urinary free cortisol (primary), change in 24-h urinary free cortisol corrected for creatinine (key secondary), and adverse events. Efficacy parameters included polyp size, nasal symptoms, and investigator-evaluated therapeutic response, although the study was not powered for statistical analysis of efficacy. Least squares baseline mean urinary free cortisol level (nmol/24h) for both age groups combined (N=127) was 49.5 in the MFNS once-daily group, 39.6 in the MFNS twice-daily group, and 49.8 in the placebo group. Change in 24-h urinary free cortisol did not significantly differ among MFNS- and placebo-treated subjects. Least squares mean 24-h urinary free cortisol levels corrected for creatinine also showed no significant differences among MFNS- and placebo-treated subjects. No safety issues emerged. Results of this study confirm the safety profile of MFNS in pediatric patients with bilateral nasal polyps over 4months, even at double the recommended pediatric dosage for allergic rhinitis.

Leczenie zapalenia zatok przynosowych u dzieci

Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is most often viral in aetiology and self-limited. Antibiotic therapy seems to accelerate resolution of ARS in children but whether an acceleration of improvement of the antimicrobial symptoms with antibiotics in these children is worth the increased risk of resistance remains to be determined. Intranasal steroids might have a beneficial ancillary role in the treatment of ARS. There is really no good evidence to support the use of ancillary therapies decongestants (oral or intranasal), antihistamines, and nasal irrigation in the treatment of ARS in children. Therefore available data does not justify the use of short-term oral antibiotics, intravenous antibiotics alone for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in children. There might a place for longer-term antibiotics for the treatment of CRS in children. Nasal corticosteroid treatment is a first line treatment in CRS with and without nasal polyps in children. We reserve the use of antihistamines and leukotriene modifiers for children with documented allergic rhinitis. The most supported surgical approach to the child with CRS who has failed maximal medical therapy probably consists of an initial attempt at an adenoidectomy with a maxillary sinus wash plus/minus balloon dilation followed by FESS in case of recurrence of symptoms. An exception to this statement are children with cystic fibrosis, nasal polyposis, antrochoanal polyposis, or AFS where FESS to decrease disease burden is the initial favoured surgical option.

Incidência e evolução da polipose nasal em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística

A polipose nasal é manifestação clínica de alerta para investigação de fibrose cística (FC). OBJETIVO: Avaliar incidência de pólipos nasais em crianças e adolescentes com FC, sua associação com idade, sexo, sintomas clínicos, achados laboratoriais e genótipo, e sua evolução com corticoterapia tópica. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados sintomas clínicos, níveis de cloro no suor e mutações genéticas de 23 pacientes com FC. A polipose nasal foi investigada por exame endoscópico e quando presente, o paciente recebeu 6 meses de tratamento com corticosteróide tópico e foi realizada nova endoscopia depois. Para análise estatística utilizou-se média, desvio padrão e Teste de Fisher. RESULTADOS: 39,1% dos pacientes apresentaram polipose nasal (cinco bilateral, quatro unilateral), todos com mais de seis anos, 82,6%, pneumonias recorrentes, 87%, insuficiência pancreática e 74%, desnutrição. Não houve associação entre polipose e nível de cloro no suor, genótipo, fenótipo clínico e sintomas nasais. Houve melhora da polipose com tratamento clínico em sete pacientes, com regressão completa em seis. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou elevada incidência de polipose em crianças com FC, sendo encontrada em todos os espectros de gravidade clínica, mesmo na ausência de sintomas nasais. O tratamento com corticosteróide tópico mostrou-se eficaz. A interação de pneumopediatra e do otorrinolaringologista é fundamental para diagnóstico e seguimento.

Incidence and evolution of nasal polyps in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

SummaryNasal polyps are a clinical sign of alert for investigating Cystic Fibrosis (CF).AimsTo study the incidence of nasal polyps in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis, its possible association with age, gender, clinical manifestations, genotype and sweat chlorine level, and its evolution with topical steroid therapy.MethodsClinical symptoms, sweat chlorine level and genotype were studied in 23 cystic fibrosis patients. Nasal polyps were diagnosed by nasal endoscopy and treated with topical steroids during 6 months, followed by a second nasal endoscopy. Fisher test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsNasal polyps were found in 39.1% of the patients (five bilateral, four unilateral), all older than six years, recurrent pneumonia in 82.6%, pancreatic insufficiency in 87% and malnutrition in 74%. No association was seen between nasal polyps and sweat chlorine level, genotype, clinical sings of severity and nasal symptoms. Seven patients improved in their nasal polyps with topical steroids, six showed complete resolution.ConclusionThe study showed a high incidence of nasal polyps in older children, who span the entire range of clinical severity, even in the absence of clinical nasal symptoms. Topical steroid therapy showed good results. An interaction among pediatricians and otolaryngologists is necessary for diagnosis and follow-up.

Histological analysis of nasal polyps in children

During 1991–1999, in the Children's ENT Department of Warsaw Medical University, 39 polypectomies were performed. We analysed the histological structure of all polyps. The most common type of nasal polyp tissue in children was the inflammatory polyp (95% of cases).

Clinical Studies of Nasal Polyps in Children

Clinical Studies of Nasal Polyps in Children

Nasal polyps in children

The inflammatory nasal polyp is the most common benign or malignant nasal mass seen in children. Nasal polyps in the pediatric population appear to occur as inflammatory responses to bacterial infections. In 33% of the patients with polyps whom we studied, antral choanal polyps were noted, and in 20% of the patients the polyps were unilateral but not antral choanal. In 18% of the patients the polyps were bilateral and in an additional 29% they occurred bilaterally in association with cystic fibrosis. History of an allergy is infrequently associated with nasal polyps; allergies are potentially major contributing factors to nasal polyps only in patients without cystic fibrosis whose nasal polyps are bilateral. Patients with antral choanal polyps are most successfully managed by simultaneous Caldwell-Luc antrostomy and polypectomy. Sixty percent of patients with nasal polyps and cystic fibrosis are adequately managed with a single intranasal polypectomy. Simultaneous sinus surgery and polypectomy should be considered for all patients with recurrent polyps and for all patients with clinical or radiographic evidence of significant sinusitis. Complications, including epistaxis and intranasal synechia, occurred in 3% of the 170 surgical procedures performed.