Narrow Target Research Articles

Are Open Science instructions targeted to ecologists and evolutionary biologists sufficient? A literature review of guidelines and journal data policies.

Open science (OS) awareness and skills are increasingly becoming an essential part of everyday scientific work as e.g., many journals require authors to share data. However, following an OS workflow can seem challenging at first. Thus, instructions by journals and other guidelines are important. But how comprehensive are they in the field of ecology and evolutionary biology (Ecol Evol)? To find this out, we reviewed 20 published OS guideline articles aimed for ecologists or evolutionary biologists, together with the data policies of 17 Ecol Evol journals to chart the current landscape of OS guidelines in the field, find potential gaps, identify field-specific barriers for OS and discuss solutions to overcome these challenges. We found that many of the guideline articles covered similar topics, despite being written for a narrow field or specific target audience. Likewise, many of the guideline articles mentioned similar obstacles that could hinder or postpone a transition to open data sharing. Thus, there could be a need for a more widely known, general OS guideline for Ecol Evol. Following the same guideline could also enhance the uniformity of the OS practices carried on in the field. However, some topics, like long-term experiments and physical samples, were mentioned surprisingly seldom, although they are typical issues in Ecol Evol. Of the journals, 15 out of 17 expected or at least encouraged data sharing either for all articles or under specific conditions, e.g. for registered reports and 10 of those required data sharing at the submission phase. The coverage of journal data policies varied greatly between journals, from practically non-existing to very extensive. As journals can contribute greatly by leading the way and making open data useful, we recommend that the publishers and journals would invest in clear and comprehensive data policies and instructions for authors.

Disjunctivism and the phenomenology of attention

J. Campbell`s disjunctivist theory of perception is based on an outdated model of attention, which maintains that the focus of attention is analogous to the beam of a spotlight. Meanwhile, some studies challenge this view and suggests that attentional selection can be object-based. The narrow target of this article consists in clarifying what is at stake between attention-first and consciousness-first strategies. The latter assumes that one could explain what attention is by specifying how some proper subset of the conscious field comes to be foregrounded. Campbell who adopts it faces a serious challenge in explicating the phenomenon of unconscious attention.

Comparison of the hemoglobin variability in non-chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease participants and patients with CKD and ESRD.

Hemoglobin (Hb) variability occurs frequently in hemodialysis (HD) patients during erythropoietin (EPO) therapy. Guidelines define a narrow target range for the anemia treatment in these patients that is difficult to adhere to in practice. Our aim was to evaluate whether the Hb variability in HD patients is higher compared to non-chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) participants and patients with CKD stage I or II. Monthly blood samples were assessed prospectively in 100 non-CKD or ESRD participants and 57 patients with CKD stage I or II, and retrospectively in 74 HD patients without changes in EPO or iron dose for 6 months. Variability was calculated and compared between the different groups. Hb variability was significantly higher in HD patients compared to the other groups, corresponding to results of previous studies. There were no significant differences between non-CKD or ESRD participants and patients with CKD stage I or II in terms of standard deviation (SD), residual SD, fluctuations across threshold, Hb cycling, and mean absolute change of Hb every 30 days (p>0.05), but a significant difference compared to HD patients (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups in time in target and area under the curve (AUC) (p>0.05). Hb variability is a common phenomenon in all groups independently of the method used for assessment and even without EPO therapy. The target range is difficult to achieve for HD patients and should be reconsidered in the future to avoid unsettling both the patients and the staff.

MONITORING RESEARCH IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION SCIENCES

The article interprets and systematizes the idea of monitoring as a research method in the field of social communication sciences for the solution of traditional issues of journalism science and outlines the prospects of its application in view of the current issues of media science, which introduce into the research field the latest trends in the development of the mass media system at the current stage of deployment information society. The scientific value of monitoring as a research method is inseparable from its ability to see mass media as a complex heterogeneous system object and to ensure systematicity (complexity of vision, comparability of data, consistency of aspects of object analysis) of observations of this object at its different levels and in different sections. It is also important to be aware of the need to see the background as a theoretical basis for interpreting monitoring data. Self-sufficient, self-valued empirical monitoring studies of mass media activity can be good material for larger research projects, which demonstrates the high research potential of the monitoring method. Monitoring studies of mass media is the accumulation of empirical material for large-scale research projects in the field of social communications of both synchronic and diachronic type. However, only qualitative data from monitoring studies can be adequately used in the future and productively included in large-scale scientific projects, where comparison of data, combination of disparate empirical material with other analytical data is expected. Monitoring studies of mass media is a perspective of using the accumulation of empirical material for media critical studies and providing recommendations and practical advice for the implementation of mass media activities of editorial teams. This is the potential of monitoring research in the aspect of management decisions in the mass media system. The latest media phenomena that are of research interest, but have not yet entered the science of social communications as an object and subject of scientific understanding, with clearly defined parameters, are probably promising material for monitoring observations. This is a question of understanding the potential of the monitoring method in its application to the newest media phenomena that are significantly transforming the sphere of mass communication activity. Among the media phenomena that can become material for monitoring studies, the author of the article sees, first of all, such notable and influential phenomena as constructive journalism (journalism of solutions) and brand journalism. Monitoring provides an opportunity to verify, through the observation of extensive empirical material, the theoretical statements of scientists regarding the requirements for constructive journalism and brand journalism, which are formulated on the basis of the construction of a conceptual model of this type of mass media work. Thanks to monitoring, it is possible to study constructive journalism and brand journalism in terms of their use of forms of information submission, the specifics of addressing narrow target segments of the mass audience, technologies for retaining the recipient’s attention, etc. The data obtained during the monitoring can be used in a comparative study in the future, which can significantly expand the understanding of modern science about the latest media phenomena, which are still difficult to fit into the limits of scientific interpretations. If we see the latest trends and phenomena in the mass communication environment as indicators of transformations and look for factors of significant changes and shifts in social communication activity, then monitoring as a research method can be extremely useful and promising in understanding changes in the mass media system.

APPLICATION OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT ON A WEBSITE

Building material distribution is the business of PT. Kejora Inti Mas. The corporation engages in limited customer interaction and has a narrow target market since it adheres to traditional business methods. To build solid client relationships, broaden target markets, and boost competitiveness, businesses need websites that include a customer relationship management (CRM) strategy. PT. Kejora Inti Mas is implementing the CRM strategy by integrating various features such as live chat support, product recommendations, subscriber features, email notifications for order statuses, customer testimonials, rewards programs, live chat support, seamless integration with WhatsApp chats, and shipping cost calculation. The system is being developed using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) approach, which consists of three steps: system design, system implementation, and requirements planning. The system was implemented for a month before Keywords: Customer Relationship Management, Website, Rapid Application Development.

A cell-based association data integration method for locating potential drilling targets: A case study at the Dalli Cu–Au porphyry deposit in Iran

The presence of various spatial exploration proxies (predictor patterns) as vectors to distal porphyry mineralization in surrounding areas of a known outcropping mineralized porphyry center at the Dalli Cu–Au deposit in Iran provided evidence for the occurrence of similar porphyry mineralization in the subsurface. Factor analysis was applied to soil geochemical data from the Dalli South Hill area to define favorable geochemical variables and to create surface multi-element anomaly maps reflecting the presence of porphyry Cu–Au mineralization in the subsurface. Reduction-to-pole and analytical signal filters were applied to ground total magnetic field data to define high magnetic signatures that could be associated with potassic alteration and porphyry mineralization in the subsurface. Then, a data-driven cell based association (CBA) data integration method was applied to the favorable spatial proxies to define their association with Cu–Au mineralization and locate subtle high potential targets (cells) for drilling. The conventional CBA algorithms did not consider weights for the spatial proxies, and by using the ascendant hierarchical clustering (AHC) algorithm the results were classified into a binary map to show favorable and unfavorable cells with scores of 1 and 0, respectively. Predicting high potential targets for high-priced drilling, just based on using the binary map, could be very risky. Therefore, an innovative CBA data integration approach was employed to assign proper weights between 0 and 1 to the spatial proxies by calculating the importance of the presence of an exploration proxy in a cell using training (labeled) trenching geochemical data. A final continuous predictor map was generated and it successfully mapped the known outcropping porphyry center and its subsurface extension to the northeast as a high prospectivity class. This map also identified a narrow NE-trending high potential target (a few cells) of 200 m long in the southern part of the known porphyry center for drilling.

CONTRAST RESOLUTION AND SHARPNESS OF EDGE IMAGES FORMING BY MICROFOCUS BREMSSTRAHLUNG OF A 18 MEV BETATRON AND RADIATIONS OF A 7 MEV BETATRON AND A 450 KEV X-RAY TUBE WITH SUB-MM FOCUSES

Results demonstrating high contrast and good sharpness of magnified (2.44-fold) images of the edges of a 0.4 mm thick steel plate with one sharp edge obtained using microfocus bremsstrahlung of an 18 MeV betatron with a narrow (13 μm) internal tantalum target are presented. These images were compared with the images obtained using SEA-7 small-sized betatron with electron energy of 7 MeV and horizontal focus-size of 0.3 mm and X-ray tube MXR-451HP/11 with electron energy of 450 keV and focal-spot diameter of 0.4 mm. The results obtained show the promise of using a microfocus source based on a betatron for practical applications in high-resolution radiography and tomography, as well as in laboratory experiments, for example, in materials science and X-ray optics.

Ecological and economic expediency of introducing modern membrane technologies of deep processing of milk whey

The article presents methodological and applied principles for justifying the feasibility of introducing modern membrane technologies of deep processing of milk whey into the practice of Ukrainian milk processing enterprises. It has been identified that the most common way of processing milk whey both in Ukraine and in global practice is its drying. As an alternative to the traditional technology of drying milk whey, it is proposed to introduce into the practice of Ukrainian milk processing enterprises an innovative technology of its deep processing, which includes the fractionation of whey proteins and the release of lactose derivatives, which is important for the use of processing products as innovative functional food products. The expediency of introducing modern membrane technologies of whey processing at domestic milk processing enterprises is substantiated, which allows rational use of raw milk resources, reducing the negative impact on the environment, and increasing the profitability of production. The results of calculations of the total ecological and economic effect are presented, which prove that the effect of the introduction of modern membrane technologies of deep processing of milk raw materials significantly exceeds the effect of using the traditional technology of drying milk whey, which is widely used in domestic milk processing enterprises. It was found that the ecological effect is manifested in the reduction of volumes of liquid industrial waste and fines for violations of environmental legislation and can be considered as an alternative to the construction of own treatment facilities. The economic effect is achieved by expanding the product range of exports and the offer on the world markets of high-margin dairy products for narrow target groups of consumers.

Serum Potassium Levels and Mortality in Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients.

To assess the link between serum potassium ( ) and all-cause mortality in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients. Hospitalized HF patients (n = 3114) were analyzed at the Fuwai Hospital Heart Failure Center. Before discharge, HF patients were divided into four groups according to the level quartiles: 3.96 mmol/L (Q1), 3.96 4.22 mmol/L (Q2), 4.22 4.52 mmol/L (Q3), and 4.52 mmol/L (Q4). At 90 days, 2 years, and maximal follow-up, all-cause mortality was the primary outcome. Patients with HF in the Q4 group had worse cardiac function, higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels, lower left ventricular ejection fractions and lower estimated glomerular filtration rates than patients in the Q2 group. In the multivariate-adjusted Cox analysis, the mortality assessed during the 90-day, 2-year, and maximal follow-up examinations increased in the Q4 group of HF patients but not in the Q1 and Q3 groups. The Q4 group had a 28% (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.49, p = 0.002) higher risk of all-cause mortality at maximum follow-up. Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were linked to increased HF mortality risk at the 90-day, 2-year, and maximal follow-up periods. Serum levels had a J-shaped association with all-cause mortality in HF patients. Both hypokalemia and a level of 4.52 mmol/L were associated with increased all-cause mortality in the short term and long term, suggesting a narrow target range in HF patients. Unique Identifier: NCT02664818; URL: clinicaltrials.gov.

Development of MSME Management in Penggung Village of Hargorejo

Abstract. This paper is intended to map the MSME development efforts carried out in Hargorejo Village, Kokap Sub-district, Kulonprogo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta (DI Yogyakarta). This urgency was initiated by the potential of the Penggung Village which has natural wealth in the form of bamboo and coconut trees which are a source of income for MSMEs in the region. However, based on the observations and interviews that have been conducted in Penggung Village, several aspects have become problematic for the MSME actors in product management, product marketing, financial management and the lack of community support for the progress of MSMEs. The aspects of product management are closely related to product diversification, minimal use of technology, and limited knowledge of product management. Meanwhile, the aspects of product marketing include narrow target markets, limited ability of MSME actors to operate digital marketing and unattractive packaging. The aspect of financial management is caused by the low ability and understanding of MSME actors in making simple bookkeeping. The aspects of lack of community support are found in advancing and supporting the competitiveness of MSMEs through participation in MSME activities. These aspects are problems that are relatively disruptive to the growth of MSMEs.

Evaluating the Translational Potential of Bacteriocins as an Alternative Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Animals and Humans.

Antibiotic resistance remains a global threat to human and animal health. Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes minor to life-threatening infections. The widespread use of antibiotics in the clinical, veterinary, and agricultural setting combined with the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains makes it abundantly clear that alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed. Bacteriocins represent one potential alternative therapeutic. They are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria that are generally nontoxic and have a relatively narrow target spectrum, and they leave many commensals and most mammalian cells unperturbed. Multiple studies involving bacteriocins (e.g., nisin, epidermicin, mersacidin, and lysostaphin) have demonstrated their efficacy at eliminating or treating a wide variety of S. aureus infections in animal models. This review provides a comprehensive and updated evaluation of animal studies involving bacteriocins and highlights their translational potential. The strengths and limitations associated with bacteriocin treatments compared with traditional antibiotic therapies are evaluated, and the challenges that are involved with implementing novel therapeutics are discussed.

Narrow escape in composite domains forming heterogeneous networks

Cellular networks are often composed of thin tubules connecting much larger node compartments. These structures serve for active or diffusion transport of proteins. Examples are glial networks in the brain, the endoplasmic reticulum in cells or dendritic spines. In this latter case, a large ball forming the head is connected to the dendrite by a narrow passage. In all cases, how the transport of molecules, ions or proteins is regulated determines the time scale of chemical reactions or signal transduction. In the present study, based on modeling diffusion in three dimensions, we compute the mean time for a Brownian particle to reach a narrow target inside such a composite network made of tubules connected to spherical nodes. We derive asymptotic formulas by solving a mixed Neumann–Dirichlet boundary value problem with small Dirichlet part. We first consider the general case of a network domain organized in a 2-D lattice structure that consists of spherical ball compartments connected via narrow cylindrical passages. For a single target located on the boundary of one of the spherical domains, we derive a sparse linear system of equations for each Mean First Passage Time (MFPT) averaged over the different compartments. We then consider a composite domain consisting of a spherical head-like domain, with narrow absorbing targets on its boundary, that is connected to a large cylinder via a narrow cylindrical neck. For Brownian particles starting within the neck, we derive an asymptotic formula for the MFPT. When diffusing particles can be absorbed upon hitting additional absorbing boundaries of the large cylindrical compartment, we derive asymptotic formulas for the splitting probability and conditional MFPT to reach a target on the spherical head. We compare these formulas with numerical solutions of the mixed boundary value problem and with Brownian simulations, allowing to explore geometrical parameter ranges. To conclude, the present analysis reveals that the mean arrival time, driven by diffusion in heterogeneous networks, is controlled by the targets and tubules sizes, as well as the size of the nodal compartments.

Incidental recognition reveals attentional tradeoffs shaped by categorical similarity.

Search efficiency suffers when observers look for multiple targets or a single imprecisely defined target. These conditions prevent a narrow target template, resulting in improved delayed distractor recognition. In our first experiment with hybrid visual and memory search, we investigated the interaction of target variety and target number on search efficiency. Results supported the hypothesis that numerous targets impair search efficiency much more when targets are unrelated. These efficiency impairments were linked to distractor processing, indicated by increased delayed recognition. A second experiment manipulated target-distractor similarity to determine whether prioritization of target-defining features is totally eliminated in search for eight unrelated targets. For related and unrelated targets alike, recognition declined for distractors bearing less resemblance to targets and more to each other. This suggests templates for unrelated targets successfully prioritize relevant features at some stage of attention. Avoidance of random distractors was stronger when targets were related, at the price of slower, more error-prone identification of within-category distractors. Within-category processing difficulty for related targets likely stems from categorical interference as previously demonstrated in recognition memory. Thus, target variety versus homogeneity afforded different advantages and limitations depending on target number, target-distractor, and distractor-distractor resemblance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus follow-up patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Central Ethiopia

Introduction: Hemoglobin (Hb) variability occurs frequently in hemodialysis (HD) patients during erythropoietin (EPO) therapy. Guidelines define a narrow target range for anemia treatment in these patients that is difficult to adhere to in practice. Our aim was to evaluate whether the Hb variability in HD patients is higher compared to healthy subjects and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage I or II. Methods: Monthly blood samples were assessed prospectively in 100 healthy subjects and 57 patients with CKD stage I or II and retrospectively in 74 HD patients without changes in EPO or iron dose for six months. Variability was calculated and compared between the different groups. Results: Hb variability was significantly higher in HD patients compared to the other groups, corresponding to the results of previous studies. There were no significant differences between healthy subjects and patients with CKD stage I or II in terms of standard deviation (SD), residual SD, Fluctuations across the threshold, Hb cycling, and mean absolute change of Hb every 30 days (p &gt; 0,05), but a significant difference compared to HD patients (p &lt; 0,05). There were no significant differences between the groups in time in target and area under the curve (AUC) (p &gt; 0,05). Conclusion: Hb variability is a common phenomenon in all groups independently of the method used for assessment and even without EPO therapy. The target range is hardly attainable for HD patients and should be reconsidered in the future to avoid unsettling both the patients and the staff.

Clostridioides difficile S-Layer Protein A (SlpA) Serves as a General Phage Receptor.

Therapeutic bacteriophages (phages) are being considered as alternatives in the fight against Clostridioides difficile infections. To be efficient, phages should have a wide host range, buthe lack of knowledge about the cell receptor used by C. difficile phages hampers the rational design of phage cocktails. Recent reports suggested that the C. difficile surface layer protein A (SlpA) is an important phage receptor, but available data are still limited. Here, using the epidemic R20291 strain and its FM2.5 mutant derivative lacking a functional S-layer, we show that the absence of SlpA renders cells completely resistant to infection by ϕCD38-2, ϕCD111, and ϕCD146, which normally infect the parental strain. Complementation with 12 different S-layer cassette types (SLCTs) expressed from a plasmid revealed that SLCT-6 also allowed infection by ϕCD111 and SLCT-11 enabled infection by ϕCD38-2 and ϕCD146. Of note, the expression of SLCT-1, -6, -8, -9, -10, or -12 conferred susceptibility to infection by 5 myophages that normally do not infect the R20291 strain. Also, deletion of the D2 domain within the low-molecular-weight fragment of SlpA was found to abolish infection by ϕCD38-2 and ϕCD146 but not ϕCD111. Altogether, our data suggest that many phages use SlpA as their receptor and, most importantly, that both siphophages and myophages target SlpA despite major differences in their tail structures. Our study therefore represents an important step in understanding the interactions between C. difficile and its phages. IMPORTANCE Phage therapy represents an interesting alternative to treat Clostridioides difficile infections because, contrary to antibiotics, most phages are highly species specific, thereby sparing the beneficial gut microbes that protect from infection. However, currently available phages against C. difficile have a narrow host range and target members from only one or a few PCR ribotypes. Without a clear comprehension of the factors that define host specificity, and in particular the host receptor recognized by phages, it is hard to develop therapeutic cocktails in a rational manner. In our study, we provide clear and unambiguous experimental evidence that SlpA is a common receptor used by many siphophages and myophages. Although work is still needed to define how a particular phage receptor-binding protein binds to a specific SLCT, the identification of SlpA as a common receptor is a major keystone that will facilitate the rational design of therapeutic phage cocktails against clinically important strains.

Investigation of impingement heat transfer in double-wall cooling structures with corrugated impingement plate at small Reynolds numbers

This study investigated an impingement/effusion cooling scheme with a corrugated jet plate applicable to a high-temperature exhaust cooling nozzle. The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of the corrugated wall jet on the impingement heat transfer and flow loss in a narrow target chamber under a low jet Reynolds number ranging from 450 to 2700. Sinusoidal curves with different wavelengths were employed to model the corrugated jet plate, where impingement holes were located at the trough of the plate. The location of the impingement holes creates a staggering pattern relative to the effusion holes. The corrugated jet plates with relative ripple amplitudes (A/d) considered were 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8, and the results were compared with those of a flat jet plate. Three relative average jet-to-plate spacings, Have/d, were selected for use: 1.6, 2.6, and 3.6. The heat transferred over a smooth target surface by multiple jets was measured using the transient liquid crystal (TLC) method. Results show that the amplitude of the corrugated plate was found to profoundly influence the heat transfer of the target surface. The use of corrugated jet plates yielded a better heat transfer performance at a relatively high Re and low impinging distance. The optimal heat transfer performance was achieved at A/d of 0.5, which was 28 % higher than the flat plate. The discharge coefficient for the corrugated jet plate was 2–9.4 % lower than that of the flat jet plate at all Have/d and Re values, and the minimum discharge coefficient was reached at A/d of 0.2. Furthermore, internal impingement heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics of the corrugated impingement/effusion were correlated according to the experimental data.

A Fast and Flexible FPGA-based Accelerator for Natural Language Processing Neural Networks

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become key solutions in the natural language processing (NLP) domain. However, the existing accelerators customized for their narrow target models cannot support diverse NLP models. Therefore, naively running complex NLP models on the existing accelerators often leads to very marginal performance improvements. For these reasons, architects are now in dire need of a new accelerator that can run various NLP models while taking its full performance potential. In this article, we propose FlexRun, an FPGA-based modular accelerator to efficiently support diverse and complex NLP models. First, we identify key components commonly used by NLP models and implement them on top of a current state-of-the-art FPGA-based accelerator. Next, FlexRun conducts an in-depth design space exploration to find the best accelerator architecture for a target NLP model. Last, FlexRun automatically reconfigures the accelerator based on the exploration results. Our FlexRun design outperforms the current state-of-the-art FPGA-based accelerator by 1.21×–2.73× and 1.15×–1.50× for BERT and GPT2, respectively. Compared to Nvidia’s V100 GPU, FlexRun achieves 2.69× higher performance on average for various BERT and GPT2 models.

Phases of methodological research in biostatistics-Building the evidence base for new methods.

Although new biostatistical methods are published at a very high rate, many of these developments are not trustworthy enough to be adopted by the scientific community. We propose a framework to think about how a piece of methodological work contributes to the evidence base for a method. Similar to the well-known phases of clinical research in drug development, we propose to define four phases of methodological research. These four phases cover (I) proposing a new methodological idea while providing, for example, logical reasoning or proofs, (II) providing empirical evidence, first in a narrow target setting, then (III) in an extended range of settings and for various outcomes, accompanied by appropriate application examples, and (IV) investigations that establish a method as sufficiently well-understood to know when it is preferred over others and when it is not; that is, its pitfalls. We suggest basic definitions of the four phases to provoke thought and discussion rather than devising an unambiguous classification of studies into phases. Too many methodological developments finish before phase III/IV, but we give two examples with references. Our concept rebalances the emphasis to studies in phases III and IV, that is, carefully planned method comparison studies and studies that explore the empirical properties of existing methods in a wider range of problems.

Recognizing novel drugs against Keap1 in Alzheimer's disease using machine learning grounded computational studies.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world, affecting an estimated 50 million individuals. The nerve cells become impaired and die due to the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Dementia is one of the most common symptoms seen in people with AD. Genes, lifestyle, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, obesity, infections, and head injuries are some of the factors that can contribute to the development and progression of AD. There are just a few FDA-approved treatments without side effects in the market, and their efficacy is restricted due to their narrow target in the etiology of AD. Therefore, our aim is to identify a safe and potent treatment for Alzheimer's disease. We chose the ursolic acid (UA) and its similar compounds as a compounds' library. And the ChEMBL database was adopted to obtain the active and inactive chemicals against Keap1. The best Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was created by evaluating standard machine learning techniques, and the best model has the lowest RMSE and greatest R2 (Random Forest Regressor). We chose pIC50 of 6.5 as threshold, where the top five potent medicines (DB06841, DB04310, DB11784, DB12730, and DB12677) with the highest predicted pIC50 (7.091184, 6.900866, 6.800155, 6.768965, and 6.756439) based on QSAR analysis. Furthermore, the top five medicines utilize as ligand molecules were docked in Keap1's binding region. The structural stability of the nominated medications was then evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations, RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bonding. All models are stable at 20 ns during simulation, with no major fluctuations observed. Finally, the top five medications are shown as prospective inhibitors of Keap1 and are the most promising to battle AD.

Preface

The 2022 International Conference on Power System and Energy Technology (ICPSET 2022) was successfully held in Guangzhou, China on August 12-14, 2022. ICPSET 2022 provided a learning and exchange platform for experts, scholars and engineering technicians in related fields to share scientific research achievements, explore cutting-edge technologies and expand research ideas, so as to promote the development of relevant fields.In the conference, we had the honor of having invited both Prof. Fushuan Wen from Zhejiang University, China and Prof. Li Niu from Guangzhou University, China to serve as our Conference General Chairs. The conference covered keynote speeches and oral presentations, attracting 90 individuals and institutions worldwide. Primarily, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. Then in the oral presentations, the excellent papers we had selected were presented by their authors by turns.We were delighted and honored to invite two prominent professors as keynote speakers to deliver their speeches. For a start, Assoc. Prof. Cheng Li from Changchun Institute of Technology, China performed a thought-provoking speech: Research on Operating State Sensing Technology of Insulators in Transmission and Distribution Lines Based on Linear Variable Spectroscopy. The study used microwave plasma-assisted pulse sputtering to prepare high linearity graded spectroscopic filters, developed a multi-channel contamination collection device with resistance to strong electric field interference, and changed the traditional narrow wavelength range single target detection method through hyperspectral spectroscopy technology of graded filter films, realizing the detection of electrified pollution of the insulation part of power equipment and the troubleshooting of hidden troubles. And then, Assoc. Prof. Bernard Saw Lip Huat from Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman made a report on Aluminum-air Battery: A Green Technology for Sustainable Power Generation Via Circular Economy Approach. In this presentation, the architecture of the aluminum-air battery, factors affecting the aluminum-air battery performance, and challenges of the aluminum-air battery were presented. The wonderful speeches of each keynote speaker had triggered heated discussion. Besides, every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.The proceedings of ICPSET 2022 are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. These papers feature but are not limited to the following topics: Distribution Automation, Power System Technology, Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, etc. All the papers have been checked through rigorous review and processes to meet the requirements of publication.We would like to express our sincere appreciation to all of those who supported ICPSET 2022. In particular, we would like to thank the Journal of Physics: Conference Series, for the endeavor of all the colleagues in publishing this paper volume. The help and contribution of each individual and institution was instrumental in the success of the conference and with the strong support, we are sure ICPSET 20222 has been beneficial to all the attendees.The Committee of ICPSET 20222List of Committee member is available in this pdf.