Narrative Summary Research Articles

Effectivess of non-pharmacological interventions on physical activity and sedentary behaviour among patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Adequate physical activity has been firmly established as a protective factor against recurrent CHD events. However, emerging evidence highlights sedentary behaviour as an independent contributor to cardiovascular health. It is thereby imperative to identify effective strategies that promote adequate physical activity while currently reducing sedentary behaviour among patients with CHD. Purpose This systematic review aims to identify the best available evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on promoting physical activity and/or sedentary behaviours among patients with CHD. Methods This review included randomized controlled trials that examine the effects of NPIs on physical activities or sedentary behaviours or both among patients with CHD. Systematic search was conducted in eight electronic databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CNKI and WanFang) from inception to December 2023. The version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using the Review Manager 5.4, when deem appropriate. A narrative summary was conducted to address studies that could not be included in the meta-analysis. Results A total of 24 articles of 22 studies, involving 5454 patients with CHD were included. The interventions were categorised as motivational interventions (k=6) and behavioural change technique-based interventions (k=18). The findings of this review involved pooling the results from 18 studies through meta-analysis, while a narrative summary was conducted for the remaining 4 studies. Results showed that both motivational interventions (SMD 0.34, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.45, P= 0.02, I2= 48%) and behavioural change techniques-based interventions (SMD 0.23, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.37, P= 0.0008, I2= 0%) increased the total physical activity time. Additionally, motivational interventions improve the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time (SMD 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.65, P= 0.0004, I2= 41%). However, no significant improvement on sedentary behaviours was found from the meta-analysis. Conclusions The findings of this review suggests that motivational interventions have the potential effects to enhance total physical activity time and increase the duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Further studies on effective intervention that improve the physical activity and concurrently reduce sedentary behaviour are warranted for CHD population.Table 1.Charateristics of studiesFigure 1.Forest plot of outcomes

Advancing Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest malignancies, with a consistently low five-year survival rate for the past several decades. This is in stark contrast to other cancers, which have seen significant improvement in survival and prognosis due to recent developments in therapeutic modalities. These modest improvements in pancreatic cancer outcomes have primarily resulted from minor advances in cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, with limited progress in other treatment approaches. A major focus of current therapeutic research is the further development of immunomodulatory therapies characterized by antibody-based approaches, cellular therapies, and vaccines. Although initial results utilizing immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer have been mixed, recent clinical trials have demonstrated significant improvements in patient outcomes. In this review, we detail these three approaches to immunomodulation, highlighting their common targets and distinct shortcomings, and we provide a narrative summary of completed and ongoing clinical trials that utilize these approaches to immunomodulation. Within this context, we aim to inform future research efforts by identifying promising areas that warrant further exploration.

Statistical methods leveraging the hierarchical structure of adverse events for signal detection in clinical trials: a scoping review of the methodological literature

BackgroundIn randomised controlled trials with efficacy-related primary outcomes, adverse events are collected to monitor potential intervention harms. The analysis of adverse event data is challenging, due to the complex nature of the data and the large number of unprespecified outcomes. This is compounded by a lack of guidance on best analysis approaches, resulting in widespread inadequate practices and the use of overly simplistic methods; leading to sub-optimal exploitation of these rich datasets. To address the complexities of adverse events analysis, statistical methods are proposed that leverage existing structures within the data, for instance by considering groupings of adverse events based on biological or clinical relationships.MethodsWe conducted a methodological scoping review of the literature to identify all existing methods using structures within the data to detect signals for adverse reactions in a trial. Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. We reviewed the analysis approaches of each method, extracted methodological characteristics and constructed a narrative summary of the findings.ResultsWe identified 18 different methods from 14 sources. These were categorised as either Bayesian approaches (n=11), which flagged events based on posterior estimates of treatment effects, or error controlling procedures (n=7), which flagged events based on adjusted p-values while controlling for some type of error rate. We identified 5 defining methodological characteristics: the type of outcomes considered (e.g. binary outcomes), the nature of the data (e.g. summary data), the timing of the analysis (e.g. final analysis), the restrictions on the events considered (e.g. rare events) and the grouping systems used.ConclusionsWe found a large number of analysis methods that use the group structures of adverse events. Continuous methodological developments in this area highlight the growing awareness that better practices are needed. The use of more adequate analysis methods could help trialists obtain a better picture of the safety-risk profile of an intervention. The results of this review can be used by statisticians to better understand the current methodological landscape and identify suitable methods for data analysis - although further research is needed to determine which methods are best suited and create adequate recommendations.

Evidence on the accreditation of health professionals' education in the WHO Africa region: a scoping review protocol.

This scoping review aims to map and examine the extent and type of available evidence on health professionals' education accreditation within Africa. The demand for health professionals is unprecedentedly high globally. One response to this challenge has been expanding training through more liberal education policies, facilitating private sector participation in education service provision. Some evidence suggests that this is a double-edged sword, increasing quantity but compromising the quality of health professionals produced. Regulation can provide a framework to assure and continuously improve quality, with such regulation in place in 79% of World Health Organization African countries. However, it is unclear how much and what evidence has been generated on how accreditation happens, where it is concentrated, and the prevailing evidence gaps within this region; therefore, we propose to conduct a scoping review. This review will include articles and dissertations focusing on the accreditation of health professionals' education in Africa. All methodological approaches and designs will be included. Conference abstracts and protocols will be excluded. This review will be carried out according to the JBI scoping review methodology. We conducted an initial search of CINAHL and MEDLINE to identify relevant articles. This informed our selection of keywords, along with index terms, to create a comprehensive search strategy for CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), ERIC (EBSCOhost), Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and Scopus. Sources included will be limited to those published starting from 2000 onwards. Data will be presented using tables and charts, accompanied by a narrative summary. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/W5G7T.

Assessment of nurses’ compliance with Patients’ Rights in South Africa: A scoping review.

Abstract Background Compliance with Patients’ Rights by nurses is a crucial determinant of how well healthcare services are provided. Nurses are responsible for upholding Patients’ Rights because they spend so much time with patients. Therefore, it is essential to continuously assess nurses’ compliance with Patients’ Rights in healthcare institutions. Objectives To outline the breadth and type of existing research on nurses’ compliance with Patients’ Rights as well as to pinpoint any gaps in the body of existing knowledge. Methods A scoping review search was done in six electronic databases. For eligibility, articles written in English and focusing on nurses’ compliance with Patients’ Rights in South Africa were checked and evaluated. Data were taken from eligible study materials in order to compile, evaluate the quality, summarize, and create a narrative summary of the results. Results The literature collected was 1158 records from six data bases, after deleting 239 duplicates, 919 records remained. 891 records were excluded using title and abstract of the studies. 15 articles were included in the final analysis. Four articles were quantitative studies, 10 qualitative and one a mixed method. The included studies focused on six Patients’ Rights listed in the Patients’ Rights Charter which consist of 12 Patients’ Rights. Conclusion Nurses’ compliance with Patients’ Rights is inconsistent and there are limited studies on nurses’ compliance with all Patients’ Rights in SA. More studies are required in future, as seen by the included studies’ inconsistent findings.

Competencies and learning outcomes for healthcare professionals in climate change and sustainability: A protocol for a scoping review

Rationale The planetary crisis is a serious threat to human health. Healthcare professionals need to be trained to adapt to and mitigate against this crisis. Competencies, curricular frameworks and learning outcomes relating to climate change and sustainability (CC&S) have been proposed for healthcare professionals. A synthesis of these competencies, learning outcomes and frameworks is necessary to identify commonalities and differences, understand the process of their development and highlight areas for future development. Objective The objective of this scoping review is to identify and synthesise the evidence on competencies, curricular frameworks and learning outcomes for healthcare professionals in climate change and sustainability. Inclusion criteria Sources relating to healthcare professionals and healthcare students, describing competencies, curricular frameworks and learning outcomes in CC&S, will be included. Sources in all healthcare contexts will be included. Sources in the English language, published from 2014 to June 2024 will be considered for inclusion. Methods The review will be conducted in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews. The following electronic databases will be searched: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete, British Education Index, Australian Education Index, Scopus and ERIC. A search of the grey literature will also be conducted. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts and full texts for eligibility. Data extraction will be conducted independently by two reviewers. A narrative summary and tables will be presented. Key stakeholders will be consulted throughout the review. Discussion This review will summarise the range of competencies, curricular frameworks and learning outcomes proposed internationally for various healthcare professionals. The findings will be used to inform core competencies for all healthcare professions in CC&S, in addition to highlighting gaps in the literature and areas for future development. The findings will be disseminated at conferences and in a peer-reviewed publication. Registration This protocol was registered on 31st July 2024 on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/vnx2g).

Factors contributing to persistent shoulder pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: Protocol for a scoping review

Introduction Rotator cuff (RC) tears are the most common and disabling musculoskeletal ailments among patients with shoulder pain. Although most individuals show improvement in function and pain following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR), a subgroup of patients continue to suffer from persistent shoulder pain following the surgical procedure. Identifying these factors is important in planning preoperative management to improve patient outcomes. Objective This scoping review aims to identify biological factors, psychological factors, and social determinants of health contributing to the development of persistent pain in individuals after the ARCR procedure. Inclusion criteria All prospective and retrospective longitudinal studies reporting the risk factors contributing to persistent pain three months or longer after the ARCR surgery will be considered for this scoping review. Methods Our review will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology. Four electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus will be searched for studies in the English language. Additional studies can be found by conducting a citation analysis of the included studies. Title and abstract screening will be performed by two independent reviewers following the inclusion criteria, a third reviewer will be consulted about any differences. Next, full-text screening will be conducted, and the remaining search results will be reviewed to extract data, as well as to synthesize findings from all research. An overview of findings will be depicted in tabular format accompanied with a narrative summary of various factors contributing to persistent pain.

Rehabilitation Interventions for Adults With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Scoping Review Protocol.

This scoping review will explore the literature related to rehabilitation interventions for the treatment of adults living with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), describe the domains and outcome measures used to assess their effectiveness, and examine the neurophysiological bases of these interventions. The unremitting symptoms of CRPS, a chronic pain condition, are associated with long-term disability, poor psychological health, decreased emotional and social well-being, and reduced quality of life. Effective treatment for persistent symptoms is notoriously difficult. Therapeutic approaches such as graded motor imagery or pain exposure therapy are recommended for CRPS but show mixed results, insufficient effectiveness, variability in outcome measures, and unclear neurophysiological bases. This review will consider studies that include any form of non-invasive rehabilitation intervention delivered by a healthcare professional in any setting for adults with a CRPSdiagnosis. Quantitative, qualitative and observational studies, text and opinion papers will be considered. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)methodology will be used to conduct this scoping review. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, OpenGrey Google and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global (ProQuest) will be searched for studies in English published between 2007 and 2024. Two independent reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the selected studies. Data collection will be performed using a tool developed by the researchers based on the standardised JBI tool. Data will be presented in a comprehensive narrative summary. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P967T.

Investigating Data Diversity and Model Robustness of AI Applications in Palliative Care and Hospice: Protocol for Scoping Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a pivotal element in health care, leading to significant advancements across various medical domains, including palliative care and hospice services. These services focus on improving the quality of life for patients with life-limiting illnesses, and AI's ability to process complex datasets can enhance decision-making and personalize care in these sensitive settings. However, incorporating AI into palliative and hospice care requires careful examination to ensure it reflects the multifaceted nature of these settings. This scoping review aims to systematically map the landscape of AI in palliative care and hospice settings, focusing on the data diversity and model robustness. The goal is to understand AI's role, its clinical integration, and the transparency of its development, ultimately providing a foundation for developing AI applications that adhere to established ethical guidelines and principles. Our scoping review involves six stages: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; and (6) consulting with stakeholders. Searches were conducted across databases including MEDLINE through PubMed, Embase.com, IEEE Xplore, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science Core Collection, covering studies from the inception of each database up to November 1, 2023. We used a comprehensive set of search terms to capture relevant studies, and non-English records were excluded if their abstracts were not in English. Data extraction will follow a systematic approach, and stakeholder consultations will refine the findings. The electronic database searches conducted in November 2023 resulted in 4614 studies. After removing duplicates, 330 studies were selected for full-text review to determine their eligibility based on predefined criteria. The extracted data will be organized into a table to aid in crafting a narrative summary. The review is expected to be completed by May 2025. This scoping review will advance the understanding of AI in palliative care and hospice, focusing on data diversity and model robustness. It will identify gaps and guide future research, contributing to the development of ethically responsible and effective AI applications in these settings. DERR1-10.2196/56353.

A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour.

This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD 42022311392) aimed to synthesize the effectiveness of all available population-level tobacco policies on smoking behaviour. Our search across 5 databases and leading organizational websites resulted in 9,925 records, with 476 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. In our narrative summary and both pairwise and network meta-analyses, we identified anti-smoking campaigns, health warnings and tax increases as the most effective tobacco policies for promoting smoking cessation. Flavour bans and free/discounted nicotine replacement therapy also showed statistically significant positive effects on quit rates. The network meta-analysis results further indicated that smoking bans, anti-tobacco campaigns and tax increases effectively reduced smoking prevalence. In addition, flavour bans significantly reduced e-cigarette consumption. Both the narrative summary and the meta-analyses revealed that smoking bans, tax increases and anti-tobacco campaigns were associated with reductions in tobacco consumption and sales. On the basis of the available evidence, anti-tobacco campaigns, smoking bans, health warnings and tax increases are probably the most effective policies for curbing smoking behaviour.

Evaluation of the da Vinci single-port system in colorectal cancer surgery: a scoping review.

Minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of colon and rectal cancer has gained popularity due to its association with reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery. The Da Vinci Single-Port (SP) System combines single-port laparoscopy with robotic assistance. This scoping review aims to evaluate the safety and short-term postoperative outcomes of utilizing the Da Vinci SP platform in colorectal cancer surgery. A scoping review was conducted adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Data were collected from PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science Library as of December 22, 2023. Studies were screened and selected based on predefined criteria, focusing on the application of the SP robotic system in colorectal procedures. Data extraction included demographics, surgical details, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. A narrative summary of the results was provided due to the heterogeneity in study designs. From an initial 2312 articles, 22 studies were selected for analysis, encompassing 465 patients undergoing robotic SP colorectal surgeries. Of these, 384 (82.6%) had a cancer diagnosis. The median age was 65years, with approximately 60% being male. The median operative time was 225min, with docking times averaging 12-20min. Conversion to multi-port laparoscopy occurred in 4.2% of cases, with no conversions to open surgery. Mean intraoperative blood loss ranged from 50 to 150ml. The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved ranged from 15 to 28. A diverting ileostomy was constructed in 20.3% of patients. Median times to flatus and soft diet were 2.5 and 3days, respectively, with hospital stays ranging from 3 to 11days. Perioperative complications occurred in 15.1% of patients, including wound infections (5.1%), anastomotic leakage (3.7%), and postoperative ileus (2.8%). Negative margin status (R0 resection) was achieved in 95% of cases. The Da Vinci SP robotic platform demonstrates promising safety and effectiveness in colorectal cancer surgery. It achieves high rates of successful oncological resection, adequate lymph node retrieval, and minimal intraoperative blood loss. Postoperative outcomes indicate quicker recovery times and manageable complication rates. However, longer follow-up studies are necessary to fully assess recurrence rates and long-term survival benefits associated with this innovative surgical approach.

A systematic evidence map protocol for mapping global exposure to bisphenols and their alternatives and social and environmental justice implications

BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Stricter regulations around the use of BPA have led many manufacturers to switch to other bisphenol chemicals with similar functions such as bisphenol S and F. Even though exposure to BPA, other bisphenol chemicals and bisphenol alternatives poses a health risk for humans, very little is known about the granular exposure levels of different populations around the world. AimThis systematic evidence map (SEM) will identify human studies reporting concentrations of bisphenols and their alternatives measured in human bio-samples with the aim to chart the global human exposure levels by country and population characteristics to identify research gaps and discuss any social and environmental injustice implications. Search strategy and eligibility criteriaMEDLINE®, Embase and Web of Science (WoS) databases as well as grey literature sources will be searched using predefined search strings. The database search results will be supplemented by backward and forward citation tracking on included studies. A scoping exercise conducted during planning identified 90 bisphenol chemicals and alternatives used in plastics. These include BPA, other bisphenol chemicals with/without similar functions to BPA as well as alternatives with similar functions to bisphenol chemicals. Eligible studies must report concentrations of at least one relevant bisphenol chemical/alternative measured in human bio-samples. Study selectionOnly primary studies published in English since 2010 will be considered. The title, abstract and keywords will be screened by the DistillerAI tool and two independent reviewers. Grey literature will be screened by two reviewers for inclusion and exclusion. The full text of the included studies will then be screened by two independent reviewers. Study appraisalStudy quality will not be evaluated in this SEM. Data extraction and codingData extraction and coding will be performed by two independent reviewers. Parameters of interest will include the following: study characteristics (e.g., year of publication, sampling timepoints and study design), population information (e.g., country, age, sex, ethnicity, number of participants) and exposure information (sources of exposure, bio-sample analyzed, chemical name, concentration, and detection frequencies). Synthesis and visualizationThe results will be presented using a narrative summary, tables, bar plots and color-coded maps. The interactive database will be available on a dedicated freely accessible website. Systematic map protocol registry and registration numberThis protocol has been registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) and is available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MNWTD.

Longitudinal Interprofessional Education in Undergraduate Health Profession Education: A Scoping Review Protocol

Interprofessional education (IPE) is essentially applied in the medical professions curriculum to produce graduates ready for collaborative practice. Globally, competency frameworks and guidelines have been developed to guide the integration and implementation of IPE into formal curriculum. Developing student competencies to become collaborative-ready health professionals takes a long time. This is also influenced by the formation and development of an interprofessional team’s maturity, which is a time-consuming process. Therefore, repetitive exposure to interprofessional learning throughout the curriculum (longitudinal education) should be implemented, since undergraduate level. This scoping review aims to explore the breadth of the longitudinal literature related to IPE. This article explores the global literature to identify, characterise, and summarise evidence from the published literature on longitudinal IPE. This scoping review considers the longitudinal activities of IPE in various contexts. The papers included report on the learning experiences of two or more types of students in a healthcare profession programme. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the scoping review guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. The results were limited to papers published in the English language from 2016 to the present. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts, and extracted data from the full-text articles. The results are presented descriptively in diagrams, tables, or other relevant formats, followed by narrative summaries.

Argon plasma photocoagulation for prevention of chronic ulcers and bleeding in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: Scoping review and narrative summary

Argon plasma photocoagulation for prevention of chronic ulcers and bleeding in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: Scoping review and narrative summary

Online peer-to-peer health communities for individuals affected by chronic kidney disease: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and describe research exploring online peer-to-peer health communities for individuals affected by chronic kidney disease. The proliferation of online peer-to-peer health communities has created new opportunities for individuals affected by chronic kidney disease to come together for mutual social, emotional, and informational support. This scoping review will include qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods, and evidence synthesis studies, as well as gray literature relating to online peer-to-peer health communities for individuals affected by chronic kidney disease. The search will not be limited by language, time frame, geographic location, or publication date. This review will be undertaken in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The following databases will be searched: Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), and Web of Science. Gray literature will be searched via MedNar, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. After duplicates have been removed, 2 reviewers will independently screen the title, abstract, and full text of the search results. Data will be extracted using a modified data extraction tool as per JBI, and presented in tabular format, accompanied by a narrative summary describing how the findings relate to the scoping review questions. https://osf.io/kfj9v.

Characteristics of natural environment use by occupational therapists working in mental health care: a scoping review.

The objective of this review was to identify and characterize the use of the natural environment/outdoor space by occupational therapists working in mental health care. This included consideration of the characteristics of the environment used, interventions, mental health conditions being treated, and the outcomes being used. Research has demonstrated the link between human health and the environment. The benefits appear to be particularly relevant to people with mental health conditions. Occupational therapists already consider the environment when assessing and developing interventions, and therefore are well placed to consider and use the natural environment in mental health practice. However, the use of the natural environment by occupational therapists working in mental health is unclear. The scoping review included any publication relating to the use of the natural environment/outdoor space in mental health occupational therapy practice. All forms of the natural environment or outdoor space were included, such as hospital gardens and local parks. There were no geographical, gender, or age restrictions. All mental health diagnoses were eligible for inclusion. Seven databases were searched: Embase (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (ProQuest), AMED (Ovid), Trip Database, and CINAHL (EBSCOhost). Gray literature was also searched using a selection of websites and digital repositories. Papers written in English were searched, with no time limit set on publication. Titles and abstracts were screened by 2 independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria, followed by a full-text review and data extraction. Data were extracted using the data extraction tool developed by the authors. Findings were presented in a tabular format, accompanied by a narrative summary describing how the results relate to the review objectives and question. Of peer-reviewed publications, 7 papers used qualitative methods and 7 used mixed methodology. The remaining sources included conference abstracts, unpublished works, a book chapter, and a website article. The environments used included forests, beaches, gardens, and parks. A variety of interventions were delivered in these environments, including gardening and nature-based activities, physical activities, and animal-assisted interventions. Such activity-focused interventions are largely delivered in a group context, thus providing a social element. A diverse range of mental health conditions were treated. Several methods were used to consider the outcomes on the individual, including both qualitative measures and quantitative outcome measurement tools. The review highlights many characteristics of how the natural environment is being used across mental health services by occupational therapists. A variety of conditions are targeted for such interventions, and several outcome measures have been used to understand impact. This review can support further development and implementation of nature-based approaches in mental health occupational therapy.

Psychosocial Impacts of Idiopathic Clubfoot on Parents and Children: A Scoping Review Protocol.

Idiopathic clubfoot is a complex pediatric foot deformity. The Ponseti technique is widely regarded as the standard for correcting deformities, and treatment compliance is essential for preventing relapse. Examining psychosocial effects on parents and/or children during clubfoot treatment provides valuable insights for improving compliance. This scoping review will map the existing literature on the psychological and social effects experienced by parents and/or children with idiopathic clubfoot. It also aims to examine the assessment tools used to measure these impacts and identify factors influencing treatment compliance. This review will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for scoping reviews. The search will include databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO and focus on studies published in the last 10 years. This review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies that investigate the psychological and social effects experienced by parents or affected children of any age with idiopathic clubfoot. Reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) extension guidelines. The screening and data extraction process will involve two independent reviewers. The analysis will be descriptive and qualitative. The findings will be presented in tables and a narrative summary. This review may guide health practitioners in developing evidence-based interventions to improve treatment adherence.

Food and fluid intake during labor in maternity wards: A scoping review protocol.

During the 1940s, aspiration of stomach contents was recognized as a serious problem during labor, which is why fluid and food restriction was adopted for women who would undergo general anesthesia. Currently, the practice of generalized food restriction is a routine that is being discontinued. This review aims to map the evidence on the effects of the intake of foods, supplements and drinks in women on labor outcomes. To that end, documents investigating this topic in pregnant women admitted for uncomplicated deliveries in maternity wards, published from 2013 onwards, will be assessed. This interval was defined based on the publication by Singata et al., who carried out a systematic review on the benefits and harms of oral fluid intake or food restriction during labor. The scoping review methods of the JBI and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA) were followed. Firstly, a preliminary search was carried out to identify the existence of similar scoping reviews or protocols, as well as the keywords and MeSH descriptors in the titles and abstracts, with a view to developing a complete search strategy. Subsequently, a search will be carried out in the Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. The search strategy will be adapted for each of these databases. Finally, a reverse search will be carried out using the references of the included studies. The obtained documents will be imported into Rayyan for duplicate detection and removal. Two independent reviewers will read the titles and abstracts, observing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data extraction from each included study will be carried out independently by two reviewers, using the extraction form created for this purpose. In order to report results, we will follow the PRISMA checklist and report descriptive statistics and a narrative summary.

Guideline concordant screening and monitoring of extrapyramidal symptoms in patients prescribed antipsychotic medication: a protocol for a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis

IntroductionGiven the increasing rates of antipsychotic use in multiple psychiatric conditions, greater attention to the assessment, monitoring and documentation of their side effects is warranted. While a significant degree of...

Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause : An Evidence Map.

Women seeking nonhormonal interventions for vulvovaginal, urinary, and sexual symptoms associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) may seek out complementary and alternative medicine or therapies (CAMs). To summarize published evidence of CAMs for GSM. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL from inception through 11 December 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) 8 weeks or more in duration that evaluated the effectiveness or harms of CAMs for postmenopausal women with GSM and reported 1 or more outcomes of interest, with sample sizes of 20 or more participants randomly assigned per group. Data were abstracted by 1 reviewer and verified by a second. An evidence map approach was used to organize and describe trials. Studies were organized by type of intervention, with narrative summaries for population, study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes. Fifty-seven trials were identified that investigated 39 unique interventions. Studies were typically small (n < 200), and most were done in Iran (k = 24) or other parts of Asia (k = 9). Few trials evaluated similar combinations of populations, interventions, comparators, or outcomes. Most studies (k = 44) examined natural products (that is, herbal or botanical supplements and vitamins), whereas fewer reported on mind and body practices (k = 6) or educational programs (k = 7). Most studies reported 1 or 2 GSM symptoms, mainly sexual (k = 44) or vulvovaginal (k = 30). Tools used to measure outcomes varied widely. Most trials reported on adverse events (k = 33). Only English-language studies were used. Effect estimates, risk of bias, and certainty of evidence were not assessed. There is a large and heterogeneous literature of CAM interventions for GSM. Trials were small, and few were done in North America. Standardized population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes reporting in future RCTs are needed. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. (PROSPERO: CRD42023400684).