Analysis Of Narrative Structure Research Articles

A life marked by early school leaving: gendered working life paths linked to health and well-being over 40 years

BackgroundThere is increasing awareness of the need to analyse symptoms of mental ill-health among early school leavers. Dropping out of compulsory education limits access to the labour market and education and could be related to deteriorating mental health over the course of a lifetime. The aim of this longitudinal study is to explore how early school leavers not in education, employment or training (NEET) narrate their working life trajectories linked to health, agency and gender relations.MethodsTwelve early school leavers in the Swedish Northern Cohort (six women and six men) were interviewed over 40 years about their working life and health. Their life stories were analysed using structural narrative analysis to examine the evolution of their working life paths and to identify commonalities, variations and gendered patterns.ResultsAll the participants started in the same position of “an unhealthy gendered working life in youth due to NEET status”. Subsequently, three distinct working life paths evolved: “a precarious gendered working life with negative health implications”, “a stable gendered working life in health challenging jobs” and “a self-realising gendered working life with improved health”. Agency was negotiated through struggle narratives, survival narratives, coping narratives and redemption narratives.ConclusionsEven in a welfare regime like Sweden’s in the early 1980s, early school leavers not in education, employment or training experienced class-related and gendered working and living conditions, which created unequal conditions for health. Despite Sweden’s active labour market policies and their own practices of agency, the participants still ended up NEET and with precarious working life paths. Labour market policies should prioritise reducing unemployment, combating precarious employment, creating job opportunities, providing training and subsidised employment in healthy environments, and offering grants to re-enter further education. Our study highlights the need for further analyses of the contextual and gendered expressions of health among early school leavers throughout their lifetime, and of individual agency in various contexts for overcoming adversities.

A narrative of recovery in forensic hospitals

AimConcerns about the applicability of recovery orientation to forensic care have surfaced due to the traditionally restrictive practices associated with forensic institutions. We interviewed 19 experts-by-experience and 18 professionals working with them across five Finnish forensic hospitals and one out-patient clinic to describe how they define recovery in forensic. MethodsWe utilized semi-structured, one-on-one interviews and then analyzed the collected data using structural narrative analysis. Our points of interest were the plots of the recovery stories and the ways in which various factors affected recovery. We also investigated whether staff and experts-by-experience had different perceptions of recovery in forensic psychiatry, and whether recovery-oriented practices were present in these accounts. ResultsA wider mutual narrative with a chronological plot was identified, and recovery-oriented practices and goals were found with a special emphasis on offending. Insight into mental illness, motivation for self-care, trust in therapeutic relationships, and gaining possibilities to proceed in care were found to promote recovery, whereas insufficient understanding of the illness, a closed environment, lack of trust, and substance abuse hindered the recovery process. Both the professionals and experts felt that the most prominent goal of recovery is integration into society. Conclusions and implications for practiceThe views of the interviewed experts-by-experience and professionals regarding recovery were rather univocal. Forensic psychiatric services in Finland were found to demonstrate recovery-oriented features, which can be promoted further by involving experts-by-experience in different assignments. The results also highlight that the families of patients should become more active partners in care. Impact and implications statementRecovery in forensic psychiatric hospitals can be perceived as a process towards a new role in society. To reach this goal the forensic patients need support from staff, peers, and family. We found numerous factors which enable and hinder the recovery process, and which should be considered during forensic care.

Introducing subplot in policy narratives: A structural narrative analysis of the debate over the Pebble Mine project in Bristol Bay in Alaska, United States

AbstractPolicy narrative research focuses on one story/plot that forms narratives in policy controversies without attention to the subplot, picturing a reduced policy narrative structure. Subplots are studied in literary narratives as secondary plots to main plots and in terms of their structures, differences with, and similarities to plots, with both pursuing individual objectives toward common goals. Subplots enhance policy narratives’ structures through enlargement and enrichment. Neglecting the subplot impedes knowledge about their contributions and potentially limits narrative analyses. This article introduces the subplot in policy narratives through a descriptive account, proposes an expanded structural definition, and structurally analyzes the policy narratives in the debate over a mining project in Bristol Bay, Alaska, United States. The opposing narrative's plot is cultural with political, legal, and environmental subplots, while the supporting narrative's plot is developmental with legal and political subplots. The study offers perspectives for advancing subplot research and narrative policy analysis.Related ArticlesBrekken, Katheryn C., and Vanessa M. Fenley. 2021. “Part of the Narrative: Generic News Frames in the U.S. Recreational Marijuana Policy Subsystem.” Politics & Policy 49(1): 6–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12388.Chang, Katherine T., and Elizabeth A. Koebele. 2020. “What Drives Coalitions’ Narrative Strategy? Exploring Policy Narratives around School Choice.” Politics & Policy 48(4): 618–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12367.Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39(3): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00295.x.

A Reading of the Narrative Language in Diwan (For whom the Birds Sing - Leman Toghany Al Toyoor)

This study is concerned with the search for narrative language in the Diwan (for whom the birds sing); the idea of research based on the study of the mechanisms and elements of the narrative, used by the poet in the poems of the Diwan, and the extent of the poeticty of the narrative structures in the Diwan? The study's underlying approach is the analytical descriptive approach; to reveal narrative language in the Diwan, and to clarify the elements and mechanisms of the narrative: (time, place, events, characters, dramatic conflict). Through this study, I have tried to answer the following problems: What buildings and linguistic phenomena did the poet rely on to build her narrative poetry language? What narrative mechanisms did the poet use in shaping their texts?  To what extent is the Najrani dialect used in the Diwan? Was the poet able to reach her narrative language into poetry? Research goals: By answering research problems; at the end, I aim to:  Study Diwan (For whom the birds sing) narrative study. - Disclosure of the poet's use of narrative language; Through the extrapolation of narrative mechanisms in the Diwan's poems. Illustrate the extent of narrative language poeticity in narrative structures in the Diwan. Research literature: The idea of the project has come to support the link between literature and society, where studies specializing in the Najrani literature are almost too few, and from it: Najran Poetry Movement in Pre- Islamic times and the beginning of Islam, Fayza Radad al-Uteibi, Najran Literary Club 1430 AH (Master's thesis published). Boys' games in ancient Arabic poetry and the extent to which they are associated with Najran games in modern times, Dr. Essam Muhammad Qabisi, Dr. Zuhair bin Hassan Al-Amri, Journal of the Faculty of Dar Al-Ulum of the University of Fayoum, 2014. Folk proverbs in the Najran region: an objective study, Dr. Zuhair bin Hassan Al-Omari, Journal of the Faculty of Dar Al-Ulum, Cairo University, 2016. Zaid bin Abdul Madan Al-Najrani: His political role and literary heritage between two times, Dr. Awad bin Abdullah bin Nahi, d. Essam Muhammad Qubaisi, Journal of the University of Pesha for Humanities, 2022. Research methodology: In my research, I relied on the descriptive approach to the definition of narrative poetry and the analytical approach to clarifying elements of the narrative in the poems of the Diwan; through analysis of narrative structures in the Diwan. Search Plan: Introduction: A brief overview of the writer, Noha Ali.  The first section: Definition of narrative, and the poetic mechanisms of narrative structures. The second topic: the poetic mechanisms of narrative in the self-presence, and the movement of characters in the poems of the Diwan. Third topic: The mechanisms of narrative poetry in (time, space) in the Diwan. Fourth topic: Poetry Mechanisms of Dramatic Attendance in (Conflict, Dramatic Monologue) in the Diwan. The conclusion: with the most important findings and recommendations, then books and references.

Postfeminist technologies of authenticity: Examining the construction of authentic feminine selves in the neoliberal workplace

This paper examines how the neoliberal injunction to be authentic as addressed to working women operates at the level of the individual. Drawing on Foucault’s framing of self-construction, the paper conceptualizes the quest for the authentic feminine self as a technology of the self which enables women to work upon transformation of their subjectivity to attain a state of authenticity. The developed conceptual framework is applied in an in-depth structural and content analysis of work-life narratives of authenticity related by women training and development professionals. These narratives are a part of the field material collected during a two-year ethnographic study of the sector. Derived from theoretical and empirical analysis, the paper develops the notion of postfeminist technologies of authenticity which demonstrate the quest for the authentic feminine self as aligned with postfeminism, a neoliberal sensibility under which individualized and retraditionalized notions of femininity are constructed. Authenticity is therefore shown as a gendered form of control which works upon women’s self-construction in regressive ways contributing to the reproduction of gendered work, organizations, and power relations.

Structural and Functional Analysis of Bansag Narratives in Barangay Maslog, Legazpi City, Albay Philippines

This paper collected, transcribed, translated, and analyzed the folk narratives on bansag in Barangay Maslog, Legazpi City. It employed the Labovian method to examine the narratives’ structures and Bascom’s functionalism approach to determine the functions of the narratives. This paper concludes that the narrator’s storytelling technique greatly affects the structural pattern of the folk narratives. The completeness or incompleteness of the structure of the narratives will never diminish the essential nature and functions of folk narratives. Folk narratives over time will always be an important oral tradition. They still served their purpose in the community. However, folk narratives as a form of oral literature are under threat since many details of the narratives diminished or were lost through oral transmission from generation to generation. Since oral narratives are on the verge of extinction, this paper recommends incorporating these narratives into the curriculum to safeguard and preserve the oral narratives.

An Analysis of Narrative Structure in Interstellar and Ready Player One

This article explores science fiction films, a popular genre known for its depiction of technology as a symbol of the future. The future depicted in these science fiction films is a sign of hope and critics of a particular social problem. Using Interstellar and Ready Player One as case studies, this research aims to explore the broader and deeper meanings conveyed through the narrative structure of the films, including language, issues discussed, and the use of other elements. The analysis uses a qualitative method, which involves observing the movie, recording important data, and connecting the narrative with visual aspects. The research reveals how narrative and visual elements complement each other to create a memorable cinematic experience. The results show that Interstellar is identified as a science fiction film rooted in scientific principles, with a focus on space exploration and time dilation. Ready Player One, on the other hand, leans more towards fantasy, incorporating virtual reality and magical elements. Despite this difference, both movies are considered science fiction, as fantasy shares elements with the genre.

A longitudinal analysis of judgement approaches to sustainability paradoxes

This research investigates how tourism executives heuristically navigate sustainable tourism paradoxes at a time of unprecedented global change. We do so longitudinally by applying a ‘then’ and ‘now’ perspective and structural narrative analysis to in-depth interview data collected in 2014 and again in 2022, posing the same questions to the same 12 world-wide renowned sustainable tourism executives. The research provides an original investigation of the paradox-mindset needed to grapple with complex challenges of carbon-creation in travel, competing stakeholder needs and how to manage growth with finite resources. Findings provide insight into sustainability paradoxes as mindsets vary between rejection, awareness and acceptance. Empathy ‘now’ replaces elitism ‘then’. Respondents reject the myth of sustainability sacrifice, instead acknowledging sustainability as a necessary driver for good business. Further, despite calls for greater ethical praxis, concrete action appears to fade in the face of self-interest and the ‘tourism saves’ mantra.

THE STRUCTURAL NARRATIVE ANALYSIS IN APPLICATION: THE CASE OF MEANING EXPLICATION

This paper scrutinizes the topic of meaning manifestation and signification made known by the act of interpretation, which amounts to finding the organising principles of a text and rules of combination. The language of narrativity is a set of generational and transformational instances disguising textual content and initiating interpretation as such. The paper discusses the levels of description which assist in tackling the concept of change, or difference in degrees, as the result of both the artificial operation of rewriting the text on various methodological grounds and real dynamics justified by the obvious layers of the plot. The elementary units of meaning articulation covered by this article run the gamut from Roland Barthes’ distributional and integrational narrative units to Algirdas Julien Greimas’ deep and surface structures with special stress on the narrative programs and narrative analysis, which is of primary interest here. The Greimassian narrative grammar successfully describes what exists and how to capture the process of signification. In the end, analytical instruments elaborated by Greimas are effectively adapted to interpret the case of Edgar Allan Poe’s story William Wilson. The story itself is retold and interpreted through narrative formalisation, which consists in speaking of the plot transformations in terms of utterances of states and utterances of doing. Within the framework of narrative structures that emerge on the way to the formalisation of William Wilson, small changes in narrative trajectories seem to be out of sight, not even readable. Contrariwise, Barthes’ touch on what the text is all about enables the reader to be engaged in looser textual interpretations, to gain more variable, highly detailed experience in noticing the slightest movement and tasting each nuance of the overall setting. This paper first and foremost takes on board the structural narrative analysis as it is set out in Greimas’ narrative grammar leading to a special kind of severe narrative absolutism; on top of that, the paper gives a clue of a couple of alternative views on the problem, views represented by Barthes.

Narrative strategy formation in the bilinguals’ stories in Russian: corpus study

The lexical parameters of oral stories of two generations of Russian-German bilinguals and the function of lexical means in the narrative strategy implementation are describes. Through addressing the oral narrative this study is included in the range of modern works considering the features of text generation by bilinguals. The relevance of the study lies both in the material and in the chosen methods of analysis. The aim of the study is to identify the degree of the narrative strategy formation at the lexical level among representatives of two generations of Russian-German bilinguals in comparison with monolingual Russian native speakers. The research material is a corpus of experimentally collected oral stories (47 texts) of German-Russian bilinguals. M. Mayer’s book “Frog, where are you?” was used as a stimulus for subjects. The test subjects were representatives of 22 families: children - 26 people aged 8 to 19 years, parents - 21 people aged 30 to 55 years. To compare the characteristics of the corpora, the similar corpus of oral stories of monolinguals (42 stories) was involved. Quantitative and statistical analysis, corpus analysis, thematic and semantic analysis of vocabulary, elements of structural analysis of narrative were used. The novelty of the study is the corpus analysis identification of lexical parameters of narrative strategies used by two generations of bilinguals. The analysis showed that the degree of lexical skills development in the implementation of narrative strategies in bilinguals is lower than in monolinguals in both age groups, despite the statistical similarity of the texts of both corpora. This concerns, first of all, the completeness and uniformity of the lexical expression of the mandatory components of the narrative stimulated by the material, and the relations between them in the text. At the same time, the general trend of narrative creation was in line with expectations. The identified parameters can be further methodically interpreted in order to prepare educational materials for bilinguals.

Website Cartoon sebagai Media Perlawanan

Various ideologies are contested through the media. Various critical thoughts color several media texts to fight domination. Just like the heterodoxy bromance value against the orthodoxy value of masculine domination through the Just Friends website cartoon. The webtoon can provide information to the public as users of bromance values which can free them from the pressure of dominant values. This study aims to explore the form of bromance resistance as heterodoxy on the Just Friends webtoon. This study uses Greimas semiotic analysis method with samples of two episodes which can be accessed free of charge via the LINE Webtoon. The analysis was carried out by conducting narrative structure analysis, actant analysis and deep structure analysis. The research findings or results show that the existing resistance is carried out both directly and indirectly through narration and webtoon visualization. Bromance's resistance to the doxy of masculine domination is illustrated through the presence of femininity. In conclusion, there are forms of heterodoxy bromance resistance in the Just Friends webtoon.

The Ukrainian novel in verse at the present stage: state and prospects of development

The level of literary research on the geneological characteristics of the 21st century, marked by the expansion of the traditional genre system, has noticeably intensified. The purpose of the article is to consider the Ukrainian novel in the poems of the 21st century, to determine its genre originality (author’s and reader’s) as an important regulator of aesthetic communication. The object of research is the texts of novels in verse, prefaces to them, comments of authors and critics regarding the creation of texts and genre modification.
 Ukrainian novel in poems of the 21st c. is characterized by the analysis of narrative structures, a set of ideas, concepts aimed at highlighting the cultural and historical heritage of the past through its multiple reading by the recipient. Emphasis is placed on the author's (textual) and classification (reader’s) mode of their creation, which makes it possible to clarify the historical and theoretical dynamics of textual traditions, the history of writing, is the key to communicative influence on the reader, perception of the paradigm of the genre. The plots of Ukrainian novels in verse are presented in accordance with the principles of the postmodern era with a radical rethinking of aesthetic, spiritual, philosophical foundations of human existence and a new concept of worldview, focused on personal experiences of socio-cultural challenges, mental breakdowns and political crises.
 The study examines Ukrainian novels in poetry of the 21st century by L. Horlach, A. Hudyma, I. Kozak, V. Marsyuk, R. Pаstuch, I. Pavlyuk, O. Omelchenko, M. Tіutіunnyk und А. Shkulipa, who created the following genre varieties, were considered: historical novel in verse, historical poetry novel, novel-song, novel-meditation in poetry, satirical, grotesque novel in verse, virtual novel, autobiographical novel in poetry, whimsical novel in verse, historical-philosophical-fantasy novel-essay, lyrical novel in verse, novel-trilogy in verse, a lyrical-musical novel in verse. In these novel structures, the past and the present are mutually projected onto the future, spiritually constructing it, forming moral and ethical norms, canons of national consciousness.
 Thus, emphasizing the genre modification of the modern Ukrainian novel in verse, various examples of its genre varieties, we took into account the author’s and reader’s genre definition, because the structural isolation and semantic definition of the genre are related to the author’s origin, looseness and devotion – with the reader. This does not mean that the creative design of the text is localized in the sphere of the author, and the semantic life after the design belongs to the sphere of the reader. Ukrainian novels in the poems of the 21st century are designed for the real world; they are carriers of aesthetic comprehension of national identity, new landmarks in space human / world with a wide range of significant events, cultural types, internal image-structural and compositional-poetic organization, genre-style and genre-content diversity, which requires further, more thorough research.

INTERTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF “SANG ALKEMIS” BY PAULO COELHO AND “SANG PEMIMPI” BY ANDREA HIRATA

This study aims to reveal the intertextuality in Sang Alchemist by Paulo Coelho and Sang Pemimpi by Andrea Hirata. Narrative structure analysis is related to intertextuality and describes the novel Sang Pemimpi as a transformation from the novel Sang Alchemist by Paulo Coelho as its hypnogram. Using descriptive qualitative methods and theoretical concepts related to narrative structure and transformation, this study concludes that Sang Alchemist is a program of Sang Pemimpi regarding plot, characters, and themes. In the plot appears the intertextual that can be seen at the story's beginning, trying to pursue dreams, parents' attitudes, despair, and the completion stage.

A Narrative Structure Analysis of Alice Sebold’s The Lovely Bones

This article analyses how rape narratives provide insights into the conceptualization of rape, trauma, abuse, and recovery of rape victims. Using William Labov’s theoretical model of narrative structure analysis and Michael Halliday’s transitivity system, the article examines Alice Sebold’s rape narrative, The Lovely Bones (henceforth TLB). The analysis shows that the narrative structure of rape narratives helps understand deeper meanings and underpinned concepts of rape. Such meanings and concepts reveal the real horrors of rape, the gravity of the pain and suffering of rape victims, and the ways of their eventual recovery. Despite its limitations to only TLB, the article offers potential alternative approaches to examine rape narratives to uncover the deeper meanings and suggests new concepts of rape and sexual violence affecting the perspectives to be taken while dealing with rape in general and rape victims being women and children in particular.

Emotion Recognition Based on the Structure of Narratives

One important application of natural language processing (NLP) is the recognition of emotions in text. Most current emotion analyzers use a set of linguistic features such as emotion lexicons, n-grams, word embeddings, and emoticons. This study proposes a new strategy to perform emotion recognition, which is based on the homologous structure of emotions and narratives. It is argued that emotions and narratives share both a goal-based structure and an evaluation structure. The new strategy was tested in an empirical study with 117 participants who recounted two narratives about their past emotional experiences, including one positive and one negative episode. Immediately after narrating each episode, the participants reported their current affective state using the Affect Grid. The goal-based structure and evaluation structure of the narratives were analyzed with a hybrid method. First, a linguistic analysis of the texts was carried out, including tokenization, lemmatization, part-of-speech tagging, and morphological analysis. Second, an extensive set of rule-based algorithms was used to analyze the goal-based structure of, and evaluations in, the narratives. Third, the output was fed into machine learning classifiers of narrative structural features that previously proved to be effective predictors of the narrator’s current affective state. This hybrid procedure yielded a high average F1 score (0.72). The results are discussed in terms of the benefits of employing narrative structure analysis in NLP-based emotion recognition.

A Tale of Childhood Loss, Conditional Acceptance and a Fear of Abandonment: A Qualitative Study Taking a Narrative Approach to Eating Disorders.

Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental health illnesses, yet there is a need to better understand the illness experience to improve treatment outcomes. Qualitative research, and narrative approaches in particular, can elicit life stories that allow for the whole illness journey to be explored. This study aimed to explore the experiences of women with a history of an ED, identifying the life events they perceived were relevant to the onset of their ED through to recovery. Interviews were conducted with 18 women with lived experience of an ED. Through structural narrative analysis, an overarching storyline of childhood loss contributing to a belief of conditional acceptance, fear of abandonment and struggle to seek emotional support due to the fear of being a burden was identified. Negative experiences with the health sector were common. These findings have implications for the way medical professionals respond to help seeking and deliver treatment.

Analisis Struktur Naratif Pada Film Avatar The Legend Of Aang: The Last Airbender

Analysis of narrative structure as an intermediary in understanding stories as well as conveying messages and meanings through moral values, religious teachings and educative culture. The problem being studied is whether the script writer is able to reflect the elements of nature in the film series Avatar The Legend of Aang: The Last Airbender in the characters. Natural elements which include water, earth, fire, air in the Avatar series The Legend of Aang: The Last Airbender, are the basis for the formation of the character's characters, these elements have a close relationship with natural elements that exist in Javanese human life and the embodiment of energy in human life. Java. The purpose of this study is to make it easy for readers to understand the symbolic character and understand the narrative structure, by using qualitative methods and as a theoretical basis that is considered appropriate to discuss it, understanding the narrative and natural elements reflected in the character of the characters is used a narrative structure approach, this approach its orientation is to study the systematic stages of script writing to get the essence of a story. In the narrative structure there are substances that relate to each other to form a series of stories including: 1. The structure of the first three acts contains set-up or introduction, the second act contains turning points and the third act describes the resolution or resolution. The interesting thing about this series is the discovery of story problems and conflicts that usually occur in the adult category but are translated into teenage figures and then packaged in a narrative structure that is easy for the audience to understand.

Storying the Gender Binary in Sport: Narrative Motifs Among Transgender, Gender Non-Conforming Athletes

This study utilized a two-tiered, thematic and structural narrative analysis to understand the ways transgender, gender non-conforming (TGNC) athletes story their experiences of sport. All participants ( N = 20) self-identified as TGNC and as athletes. A thematic narrative analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed several convergent narratives (i.e., gender sanctioning, binary gender survival, gender transition and disclosure, and gender affirming) within TGNC athlete stories. A secondary structural analysis of evaluation statements in each story offered insight into what master narratives within sport are (re)producing binary gender structures and as a result excluding non-binary athletes from participation and inclusion. The structural analysis also uncovered counter narratives within TGNC athlete stories that challenged the binarized structures of sport. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in relation to how master narratives might be altered to foster gender inclusion beyond the binary.

On Narrative: An Interview with Roland Barthes

This article presents a dialogue between Roland Barthes and Paolo Fabbri, which took place on 18 December 1965 in Florence, Italy. Barthes offers an engaging account of his structuralist approach to narrative, as was later published in essay form, ‘Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narrative’, included in a special issue of Communications (Issue 8, 1966). In a cordial exchange with Fabbri, Barthes provides a more candid presentation of method than found in print, along with critical reflection of the underlying importance of the structuralist approach, as perceived at the time. The interview took place as part of a small conference on narrativity. Participants included Algirdas Julien Greimas, Claude Bremond, Umberto Eco, Jules Gritti, Violette Morin, Christian Metz, and Tzvetan Todorov. Subsequently, a number of these participants contributed articles to the same issue of Communications, on the structural analysis of narrative.

Notes on Structuralism: Introduction

This commentary introduces a section of the journal titled ‘Notes on Structuralism’. It centres around two interviews. The first, from 1987, is with the structural anthropologist Mary Douglas (who speaks on various aspects of her work, including on Purity and Danger). The second is an interview with Roland Barthes, who, speaking in 1965, was at the height of his structuralist phase. The interview focuses upon the structural analysis of narrative and prefigures the well-known volume of Communications on the subject. The interviews are supplemented with introductions and: a commentary on Barthes’ interview by Jonathan Culler, who contextualizes the development of Barthes’ thinking around narrative (as it leads to the publication of S/Z), The article concludes with reflections on structuralism with regards to contemporary practices of big data, AI and large language models.