Narcissistic Personality Inventory Research Articles

The Relationship Between Object Relations and Relationship Satisfaction, Marital Adjustment, and Sexual Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Narcissistic and Borderline Personality Traits

The aim of this study was to elucidate the psychological dynamics of marital relationships, which are among the most significant structures of society. The purpose of research was to examine the mediating roles of borderline and narcissistic personality traits in the relationship between object relations and marital adjustment, relationship satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction. The study group consisted of adult individuals aged 18 and older. Of the total 809 participants, 407 (50.3%) are female and 402 (49.7%) are male, all of whom are married. 320 participants are in the 18-30 age range, 318 are in the 31-45 age range, and 171 are 45 years old and above. Marriage Adjustment Scale, Relationship Satisfaction Scale (RSS), Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale (GRSS) Female-Male Form, Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI), Borderline Personality Inventory, and Narcissistic Personality Inventory were used as data collection instruments in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27 program. Pearson Correlation Test and Process Macro 4.2 analysis methods were used. According to the research findings, a negative relationship was found between object relations and relationship satisfaction, marital adjustment, and sexual satisfaction. A positive relationship was identified between object relations and borderline and narcissistic personality traits. Furthermore, negative relationships were found between borderline and narcissistic personality traits and marital adjustment, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction. Finally, the mediation analyses conducted within the framework of the main purpose of the research, determined that object relations significantly predicted relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and marital adjustment, borderline and narcissistic personality traits partially mediated this relationship. Thus, the proposed model was supported.

Examining the validity and reliability of the academic entitlement scale in Turkish culture

This study aims to adapt the Academic Entitlement Scale to Turkish culture and examine the scale's measurement invariance according to gender. The study was conducted with 372 university students aged 18 and 54 (I = 20.90). The study used the Academic Entitlement Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and Locus of Control Scale as data collection tools. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to identify the construct validity of the scale. The measurement invariance of the scale according to gender was examined using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations between research variables were analyzed with the Pearson Correlation Test. Cronbach's Alpha was performed to measure the internal consistency reliability of the study. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that academic entitlement was positively correlated with self-esteem and external locus of control. In addition, it was revealed that the externalized responsibility sub-dimension was positively correlated to narcissism. The research findings indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool within Turkish culture.

Social appearance anxiety among the dark tetrad and self-concealment

This study analyzed the effects of the Dark Tetrad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism) and self-concealment on social appearance anxiety. Empirical investigations on which personality traits influence social appearance anxiety are yet missing. In this study, a sample of N = 1186 Chinese students performed a questionnaire-based survey assessing different personality facets and social appearance anxiety tendencies. Measures included the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, the Machiavellian Personality Scale, the Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, the Self-concealment Scale, and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that psychopathy, Machiavellianism, sadism, and self-concealment positively predicted social appearance anxiety and narcissism negatively predicted social appearance anxiety. Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism, and self-concealment were positive predictors of social appearance anxiety, whereas narcissism was a negative predictor. These findings provide insight into the complex nature of the Dark Tetrad and their influence on social appearance anxiety.

The “Bubbles”-Study: Validation of ultra-short scales for the assessment of addictive so-cial media use and grandiose narcissism

Intensive engagement in social media use (SMU) can result in the development of addictive tendencies and a decrease of mental health. Enhanced levels of the personality trait narcissism foster addictive SMU. An early identification of persons at risk for the addictive tendencies can contribute to the protection of their mental health. Very brief valid screening instruments implemented in general mental health programs and in therapeutic settings are supportive tools in this regard. In two studies on representative German population samples, we developed and validated four ultra-short scales – the “bubbles” – that consist of only one item per construct/subscale based on the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS; Andreassen, Pallesen, & Griffiths, 2017) and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-13; Gentile et al., 2013) for the assessment of addictive SMU (one bubble) and narcissism (one bubble per subscale). The results of Study 1 (N = 700) and Study 2 (N = 770) showed that the bubbles are valid instruments that fit the original instruments on the factor level; the bubbles largely replicated their association pattern with demographic variables, social media-related, personality-related and mental health-related variables. Their shortness prevents fatigue, motivation decrease, and participants’ dropout. Due to their time- and cost-efficiency, the bubbles can be used as brief screening tools in research (e.g., large-scale studies, longitudinal studies) and in praxis (e.g., mental health programs). Future research should validate the bubbles cross-nationally, in children and adolescents, and in clinical contexts.

The Mediator Role of Love Myhts between Narcissistic Personality Traits and Love Styles

Narcissistic personality traits are associated with relationship conflicts, and the way of perceiving relationships can affect behaviors and attitudes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the love myths mediator role between narcissistic personality traits and love styles. The research's sample was determined by a simple random sampling method. The sample includes 231 women 187 men in total 418 individuals between the ages of 18-45 (Mean=23.81, Standart Deviation=5.95) who stated that they had been in a romantic relationship and who participated in the study voluntarily. Measurement tools were socio-demographic data form, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Love Attitudes Scale (Short-Form), and Love Myths Scale. The answers to the surveys were analyzed with the SPSS 25 program. Pearson Correlation Test and PROCESS 3.5 were used. Results indicated that abuse of love and idealization of love myhts mediate between narcissistic personality traits and mania and ludus love style. The results show that love myhts abuse of love and idealization creates a tendency in people with narcissistic personality traits to act like gamer, be careless, and be abusive in romantic relationships. The results of the study might be helpful in finding a solution to narcissistic people's relationship conflicts, raising relationship satisfaction, and by so preventing jealousy, infidelity, and careless or manipulative, aggressive, and abusive attitudes.

Belief in Jinn Possession Scale: Development and validation

In spite of scientific developments, paranormal beliefs remain widespread, especially in South Asian societies. Numerous disorders connected to possession and trance have been theorized in recent years. In this study, three community samples were used to develop a comprehensive scale of Belief in Jinn Possession Scale (BJPS) and to examine its consistency and relevance. The BJPS scale was proposed to be multidimensional with four factors displaying satisfactory internal consistency reliability estimated by the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) ( n = 300). However, confirmatory factor analyses ( n = 300) reduced the number of factors to two. The BJPS demonstrated excellent reliability and statistically significant positive correlations among its factors of beliefs about signs of possession and beliefs about vulnerability and preventive measures. Convergent and discriminant validity ( n = 316) was supported by a high correlation between BJPS, Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (RPBS), and Paranormal and Supernatural Belief Scale (PSBS) and a low correlation between BJPS, Narcissistic Personality Inventory 16 (NPI-16), and Moral Identity Measure (MIM). These results suggest that the BJPS is a well-grounded and sound tool for evaluating one’s irrational beliefs about possession states in Pakistani culture, and it may be the first attempt to conceptualize possession.

The Dual Systems Model-Impulsivity and Narcissism as the Reflexive System and Self-Regulation as the Reflective System-of Smartphone Addiction.

The exploration of underlying mechanisms leading to the development of smartphone addiction has been limited, with only a few studies incorporating theories to provide explanations. Drawing upon the Dual Systems Model, this study tested the hypothesis that the reflective system of self-regulation would mediate the relation between the reflexive system of impulsivity and narcissism, and smartphone addiction in a sample of 298 undergraduate students. Participants completed a self-administrated web-based questionnaire containing measures of impulsivity (the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), narcissism (the Narcissistic Personality Inventory), self-regulation (the Self-Regulation Scale), and smartphone addiction (the Smartphone Addiction Inventory). The findings from structural equation modeling revealed that self-regulation served as a significant mediator between impulsivity and smartphone addiction, as well as between narcissism and smartphone addiction. These findings offer insights that can contribute to the development of interventions and strategies that target impulsivity and narcissism by enhancing self-regulation skills.

Narcissus' belief about his body: Aspects of narcissism, body image, and eating disorder symptoms.

Narcissism may play a role in shaping body image concerns. Here we examined the relationships between narcissism (i.e., agentic extraversion, antagonism, narcissistic neuroticism, leadership/authority, exhibitionism/entitlement) and body image concerns and disturbances (i.e., drive for thinness, drive for muscularity, eating disorder symptoms, body mass index, current/desired fat, and current/desired muscularity). Mechanical Turk workers from the USA (N = 430; 64% male) completed the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Drive for Muscularity Scale, the Drive for Thinness Scale, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Short, and the Sex-Specific Somatomorphic Matrixes. All narcissistic factors were associated with a greater drive for thinness (except for leadership/authority) and for muscularity, more eating disorder symptoms, a greater desired body fat (except for leadership/authority), and a greater current muscularity. Greater agentic extraversion and exhibitionism/entitlement were associated with lower levels of current body fat, and greater antagonism was associated with a greater desired muscularity. Notably, individual differences in narcissism appeared to be important in understanding body image concerns, broadly speaking. We found that narcissism may be associated with body image concerns among both sexes differently, and especially that drive for thinness was more related to narcissism in men. Our results emphasize the importance of narcissism in formulating and treating body image-related disorders for both men and women. Ultimately, narcissistic features of personality may be risk factors for developing and perpetuating body image concerns, and therefore should be considered in assessment, formulation, diagnosis, and treatment of eating disorders.

Examination of narcissistic personality traits of volleyball players according to some variables

This research is conducted to analyze the narcissistic personality traits of volleyball players in terms of certain variables. In the study, a personal data form prepared by the researcher to collect data related to participants' gender, age, league category, and national team status, and the 16-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory developed by Ames, Rose, and Anderson in 2005, and adapted to Turkish by Atay in 2009, is used. The research group consists of a total of 221 volleyball players, 111 female and 110 male. The scale and personal data form have been applied to the volleyball players who participated in the study using an online method through purposive sampling. The data obtained from the research have been analyzed using the SPSS.22 package program. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test for binary group comparisons, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple group comparisons have been applied. Post-Hoc (Scheffe) tests have also been used to determine the direction of the difference between groups. A significance level of 0.05 is considered in interpreting the results. When the narcissistic personality trait scores of volleyball players are analyzed according to the age variable, any significant difference could not been observed. When the study data have been evaluated in terms of the gender variable, the statistical analysis has revealed that the average narcissistic personality levels of volleyball players do not differ according to the age variable. When the narcissistic personality traits of volleyball players have been examined according to the league category variable, a statistically significant difference has been found in the sub-dimension scores of superiority for volleyball players playing in the Efeler and Sultanlar Leagues compared to those playing in the 1st League. In the study, when the narcissistic personality traits of volleyball players have been examined according to the national team variable, it has been identified that the narcissistic personality scores of the national team players are higher than those who are not national team players.

The Relationship between Narcissism, Self Esteem and Humour Style

The aim of the present study was to examine the correlation between Narcissism, Self Esteem and Humor in a sample of 49 people from the age group of 18-21 and 22-25 years old. For that purpose, Narcissistic Personality inventory, Rosenberg’s Self-esteem scale and Humor Style questionnaire were used. Narcissism was positively correlated with self-esteem and affiliative humor, whereas Self-esteem was positively correlated with affiliative humor and negatively correlated with self- defeating humor. Findings are discussed in terms of the role self-esteem plays in the humor regulation of individuals with narcissistic personality. Keywords: Narcissism, self-esteem, humor

Assessing self-forgiveness through the Enright Self-Forgiveness Inventory in the Spanish population: a validation study.

Self-forgiveness has been a complex construct to define, which has resulted in a shortage of instruments that adequately measure it as a process. In Spain, until now there is only one validated instrument to measure self-forgiveness, for this reason the present study aims to validate the Enright Self-Forgiveness Inventory (ESFI). A sample of 276 people (84 men, 192 women) aged from 18 to 25 years, completed the Enright Self-Forgiveness Inventory (ESFI) after its adaptation to Spanish, as well as the Enright Forgiveness Inventory-30 (EFI-30), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), the Short form of Social Desirability Scale (M-C SDS), the Scale of psychological wellbeing (RYFF) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a good fit for the original six-factors structure (CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.063). The results showed good psychometric qualities (both validity and reliability) and association between self-forgiveness and social desirability, depression, anxiety, narcissistic traits, and purpose in life as expected theoretically. The ESFI-30 shows good psychometric properties within the Spanish context and is an appropriate instrument for evaluating self-forgiveness for research and clinical intervention. As a primary goal, the abstract should render the general significance and conceptual advance of the work clearly accessible to a broad readership. References should not be cited in the abstract. Leave the Abstract empty if your article does not require one - please see the "Article types" on every Frontiers journal page for full details.

An exploration of the link between narcissism, masochism, and crime in a post-incarcerated sample

This study examined the relationship between narcissism, masochism, and violent criminal justice involvement. Current interventions used with offender populations target traits such as antisocial personality but typically ignore narcissism and masochism. Understanding the connection between violent crime, narcissism, and masochism can help us develop a more indepth understanding of which personality features contribute to an increased proclivity towards criminal action. The participants (N = 494) were post-incarcerated individuals. To assess individuals’ degree of narcissistic and masochistic thinking, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the underserving self-image subscale of the Self-Defeating Interpersonal Style Scale were administered via a Qualtrics survey. Basic demographic information, psychopathy, intelligence, and personality were also measured and controlled for in the analyses. A logistic regression indicated that high levels masochistic thinking were associated with violent criminal justice involvement, even when relevant covariates were controlled for. High levels of narcissism were not found to exhibit a statically significant relationship with violent criminal justice involvement when psychopathy was controlled for. These findings suggest that masochistic characteristics may be a potential target for treatment in rehabilitating offenders.

DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITIMIC PERSONALITY FEATURES AND NARSISTIC PERSONALITY FEATURES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS SCHOOL STUDENTS (Mardin Province Example)

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between alexithymic personality traits and narcissistic personality traits of students studying at Mardin Artuklu University School of Physical Education and Sports. In the study, Toronto Alexithymia Short Version (TAS-20) and narcissistic personality inventory were used as data collection tools. The relational model, which is included in the quantitative research method, was used in the research. The sample of the study consists of 154 students studying at Mardin Artuklu University School of Physical Education and Sports. SPSS 20 program was used in the analysis of the data obtained. In the analysis of the obtained data, firstly homogeneity and normality distribution were examined. For this, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) and Shapiro Wilks tests were used. After this review, it was decided to use the parametric test method in the analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. At the end of the correlation analysis, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between the students' narcissistic personality levels and total alexithymia level.

Why narcissists are more likely to be aggressive? The role of hostile attribution bias.

Narcissism is commonly associated with aggressiveness, but the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still not yet fully understood. Based on previous research showing that narcissists are suspicious, the present research investigated whether hostile attribution of intent could explain the relationship between narcissism and aggression. In Study 1, participants (N = 347) completed a self-report measure of grandiose narcissism (Narcissistic Personality Inventory) and a measure of hostile attribution bias (Social Information Processing-Attribution Emotion Questionnaire). Analyses revealed that narcissism was a strong predictor of hostile attribution bias, angry feelings, and aggressive reactions. Moreover, hostile attribution bias appeared to mediate the relation between narcissism and aggressive reactions. Study 2 (N = 130) replicated the findings of Study 1 using a measure of vulnerable narcissism (Hypersensitive narcissism scale). In addition, perspective taking was manipulated in Study 2 and the results showed that participants in the high perspective-taking condition (vs. low perspective taking) were less likely to make hostile attributions. These findings suggest that hostile attribution of intent is particularly relevant to understand narcissistic aggression. (170 words).

Age and gender differences in narcissism: A comprehensive study across eight measures and over 250,000 participants.

Age and gender differences in narcissism have been studied often. However, considering the rich history of narcissism research accompanied by its diverging conceptualizations, little is known about age and gender differences across various narcissism measures. The present study investigated age and gender differences and their interactions across eight widely used narcissism instruments (i.e., Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, Dirty Dozen, Psychological Entitlement Scale, Narcissistic Personality Disorder Symptoms from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Version IV, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire-Short Form, Single-Item Narcissism Scale, and brief version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory). The findings of Study 1 (N = 5,736) revealed heterogeneity in how strongly the measures are correlated. Some instruments loaded clearly on one of the three factors proposed by previous research (i.e., Neuroticism, Extraversion, Antagonism), while others cross-loaded across factors and in distinct ways. Cross-sectional analyses using each measure and meta-analytic results across all measures (Study 2) with a total sample of 270,029 participants suggest consistent linear age effects (random effects meta-analytic effect of r = -.104), with narcissism being highest in young adulthood. Consistent gender differences also emerged (random effects meta-analytic effect was -.079), such that men scored higher in narcissism than women. Quadratic age effects and Age × Gender effects were generally very small and inconsistent. We conclude that despite the various conceptualizations of narcissism, age and gender differences are generalizable across the eight measures used in the present study. However, their size varied based on the instrument used. We discuss the sources of this heterogeneity and the potential mechanisms for age and gender differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Sifat Kepribadian Narsistik, Ketidakjujuran Akademik, dan Persepsi Ketidakjujuran Profesional Mahasiswa Akuntansi

Excessive desire to achieve high academic performance will lead to narcissism. Given the devastating effects of academic dishonesty and narcissistic behavior when students enter the workforce, it is important to study student negative behavior to detect and seek preventive measures so that it does not escalate into corrupt behavior. This study employed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) introduced by Raskin and Terry. Two independent variables were used, namely Narcissistic Personality Traits and Academic Dishonesty. Sampel was selected from accounting students in Semarang with an A-accredited university. The results of this study indicate that narcissistic personality traits and academic dishonesty have a significant effect on perceptions of professional dishonesty in accounting students.

Examining the Therapeutic Effect of Ceremonial Ayahuasca on Narcissistic Personality and Antagonistic Externalizing in Adults.

Changes in narcissistic traits (e.g., entitlement) following the ceremonial use of ayahuasca were examined across three timepoints (baseline, postretreat, 3-month follow-up) in a sample of 314 adults using self- and informant-report (N = 110) measures. Following ceremonial use of ayahuasca, self-reported changes in narcissism were observed (i.e., decreases in Narcissistic Personality Inventory [NPI] Entitlement-Exploitativeness, increases in NPI Leadership Authority, decreases in a proxy measure of narcissistic personality disorder [NPD]). However, effect size changes were small, results were somewhat mixed across convergent measures, and no significant changes were observed by informants. The present study provides modest and qualified support for adaptive change in narcissistic antagonism up to 3 months following ceremony experiences, suggesting some potential for treatment efficacy. However, meaningful changes in narcissism were not observed. More research would be needed to adequately evaluate the relevance of psychedelic-assisted therapy for narcissistic traits, particularly studies examining individuals with higher antagonism and involving antagonism-focused therapeutic approaches.

Narcissism and Selfitis Disorder Features among Young Adults: Body Dysmorphic Disorder as Mediator

Nowadays young generations are involved in such activities which abolish their life seriously. In today’s world everyone wants to look flawless and wants to be praised. Objective: To investigate the mediating effect of body dysmorphic disorder on narcissism and selfitis disorder among young adults. Methods: The sample size for the present study was 400 young adults. Convenient sampling technique was used for screening of young adults on Body Image Concern Inventory and further data were collected on Selfitis Behavior Scale and Narcissistic Personality Inventory from screened sample. Inclusion criteria included all the young adults aged between 20 to 35 and have body dysmorphic disorder. Results: Narcissism had significant positive correlation with features of both selfitis disorder and body dysmorphic disorder. Age of persons had significant negative correlation with narcissism, selfitis disorder and features of body dysmorphic disorder. Outcomes revealed that both selfitis disorder and narcissism are greater in males, while features of body dysmorphic disorder are greater in females as compared to males. Conclusions: This study will be beneficial for professionals (sociologists and social workers) for creating awareness in young generation about flaws or defects in the physical appearance should not be considered as life frightening conditions and they should appreciate themselves as they are.

Impact of Intellectual Humility on Interpersonal Conflicts and Narcissism among Teachers

The research aimed to find out the impact of intellectual humility on interpersonal conflicts and narcissism in teachers teaching at the university level in Rawalpindi. The data were obtained from 600 participants of age group of 34-45 through purposive sampling (297 males and 303 females). The research was quantitative in nature and used a cross-sectional survey design. The scales used to assess the study variables were the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale (Krumrei-Mancuso, & Rouse, 2016), the Interpersonal Conflicts at Workplace Scale (Spector & Jex, 1998), and Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 (Lapsley & Stey, 2011). The Pearson bivariate correlation, independent sample T-test, and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. It was hypothesized that there would be significant impact of IH on interpersonal conflicts and narcissism and would be negatively associated with both variables. On the other hand, narcissism and interpersonal conflicts would be positively associated with each other. These hypotheses were supported in light of the results of the study. Moreover, gender differences were also assessed across study variables. Males possess higher level of IH, but no other significant gender differences were found in the other two aforementioned variables. An important aspect addressed in this study was the influence of adopting positive traits (IH) and dropping negative (narcissism) in the workplace and the interpersonal benefits of such healthy practices in the success of organizations.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-ESTEEM TO NARCISSISTIC IN TEENAGERS USING TIKTOK SOCIAL MEDIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the government issued a policy of lock down. Lock down is the closure of access in an area so that people are not allowed to enter or leave the area. This has an impact on community activities, especially teenagers who do more activities and fill their spare time online, one of which is by using social media. Excessive use of TikTok social media can lead to narcissistic tendencies. Narcissistic tendencies are behaviors that lead to self-love that tend to be unrealistic. However, not all teenagers who exist on TikTok social media have narcissistic tendencies. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of self- esteem to narcissistic tendencies in teenagers using TikTok social media during the covid-19 pandemic. A total of 349 TikTok users in Jabodetabek completed an online survey in the age range of 12 – 22 years. This study uses the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) based on the theory proposed by Coopersmith (1967) which consists of 58 items to measure self-esteem and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 (NPI-16) proposed by Ames et al. (2006) consisting of 16 items to measure narcissistic tendencies.