Various Fields Of Nanotechnology Research Articles

The use of nanoparticles to enhance oil recovery

The article describes the actual problem of the introduction of nanotechnology in various fields of activity and existing technologies of the oil industry. The expediency of using nanotechnology to increase oil recovery, in the production of metal alloys to increase their strength characteristics and corrosion resistance, insulating coatings to reduce heat losses, lubricants that reduce wear of mating surfaces, in laboratory studies is shown. The results of the application of various nanotechnologies in the oil industry are presented.

Packaging of DNA Integrated with Metal Nanoparticles in Solution.

The transformation of high-molecular DNA from a random swollen coil in a solution to a discrete nanosized particle with the ordered packaging of a rigid and highly charged double-stranded molecule is one of the amazing phenomena of polymer physics. DNA condensation is a well-known phenomenon in biological systems, yet its molecular mechanism is not clear. Understanding the processes occurring in vivo is necessary for the usage of DNA in the fabrication of new biologically significant nanostructures. Entropy plays a very important role in DNA condensation. DNA conjugates with metal nanoparticles are useful in various fields of nanotechnology. In particular, they can serve as a basis for creating multicomponent nanoplatforms for theranostics. DNA must be in a compact state in such constructions. In this paper, we tested the methods of DNA integration with silver, gold and palladium nanoparticles and analyzed the properties of DNA conjugates with metal nanoparticles using the methods of atomic force microscopy, spectroscopy, viscometry and dynamic light scattering. DNA size, stability and rigidity (persistence length), as well as plasmon resonance peaks in the absorption spectra of systems were studied. The methods for DNA condensation with metal nanoparticles were analyzed.

Dynamic DNA nanomachines for amplification imaging of diseased cells based on stimuli-responsive mechanism

As a basic functional unit, living cell with sophisticated structures play an indispensable role in life activities. Since the abnormality of important molecules inside cells is closely related to diseases, the dynamic analysis and spatio-temporal monitoring of specific molecules in living cells can provide precious information for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. More recently, DNA has not only been recognized as the carrier of genetic information, but has also used as a robust building block for the assembly of multitudinous nanoscale structures due to the intrinsic advantages of high programmability of classic Watson–Crick base-pairing rule. Intensive study promotes the rapid progress of nanotechnology in various fields, such as bioimaging, diagnosis, and therapeutics. Among numerous well-defined DNA nanomaterials, DNA nanomachines have been widely exploited in cell imaging owing to their desirable ability to achieve high-resolution temporal and spatial images in response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli. In brief, elaborate DNA nanomachines can undergo structural changes upon the stimuli of target analytes or environmental factors, resulting in rapid increase or reduction of output signals and thereby indirectly reflecting the expression level of targets. DNA nanomachines with high sensitivity and specificity contribute to the recognition of diseased tissues. In this review, we introduce the basic assembly modules of DNA nanomachines and summarize the recent advances in dynamic DNA nanomachines for diseased-cell imaging. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of DNA nanomachines for bioimaging are discussed.

Role of nanomaterials on solar desalination systems: A review

The use of nanotechnology in various fields has garnered significant attention in recent years. One area where nanotechnology could prove particularly beneficial is in improvement of cheap and effective desalination units, which can help communities access freshwater in areas that are far away or economically disadvantaged. Desalination is the procedure that routines a significant amount of energy and accounts for a large portion of the costs associated with running a desalination plant. Additionally, the majority of the power used in desalination comes from traditional fossil-fuel-fired power plants, which contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pose a threat to the ecosystem. Nanofluid technology has helped in improving the efficiency of solar distillation units, which provide a cheap and reliable means of producing fresh water. Recent studies have explored the use of nanotechnology in desalination, particularly in the role of renewable energy in distillation and brine treatment. One promising development is the use of nanofluid and adjusting the volume fraction of nanoparticles, which has been shown to increase the daily water output of solar distillation units. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, such as reducing the energy consumption and cost associated with desalination. Continued research in this area is needed to overcome existing challenges and further improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of desalination units.

A novel approach for complex oxide nanoparticle production: A glowing multi-wire generator synthesis

The availability of a simple, economical and well-controlled method for producing nanoparticles is beneficial to researchers working in various fields of nanotechnology. Many top down and bottom up physical and chemical production processes have been developed for the commercial manufacturing of nanoparticles, however, the bulk of these processes require complex precursors and procedures that affect the performance and applicability of the generated nanomaterials. Additionally, these processes are often expensive, labour-intensive and environmentally harmful. In this study, a novel, well-controllable and economical approach to produce oxide nanoparticles has been established. Iron–nickel nano-oxides were synthesized in order to support the feasibility of the developed method. The generated iron–nickel oxide nanoparticles showed a quite narrow particle size distribution, with the majority of the collected particles falling in the size range between 3 and 15 nm, with a median size of about 5 nm. These produced materials are effective and sought-after candidates for a variety of commercial applications, including catalysis, imaging, optics, medical applications, water splitting, energy research and environmental remediation.

Application of two glycosylated Lactobacillus surface layer proteins in coating cationic liposomes

The ability of isolated surface layer proteins (SLPs) to reassemble on suitable surfaces enables the application of SLPs in various fields of nanotechnology. In this work, SLPs from Lactobacillus buchneri BNCC 187,964 and L. kefir BNCC 190,565 were extracted and verified as glycosylated proteins. They were applied to coat on the surface of cationic liposomes. The absorption of the two SLPs on liposomes induced the zeta potential reduction and particle size increase. The two kinds of SLP-coated liposomes demonstrated better thermal, light and pH stability than the control liposomes. And the L. kefir SLP showed better protective effects than the L. buchneri SLP. Moreover, both of the SLPs could endow liposomes with the function of binding ferritin as observed by transmission electron microscope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated that the interaction between the two SLPs and liposomes was similar. The recrystallization of the two SLPs on the liposomes might drive the lipid into a higher order state and hydrogen bonds were formed between the two SLPs and the liposomes. All the findings demonstrated that L. kefir SLP and L. buchneri SLP had great potential to be explored as effective coating agents to improve the stability and function of cationic liposomes.Please check and confirm that the authors and their respective affiliations have been correctly identified and amend if necessary.Yes, all have been checked.

Nanotechnology in Prosthodontics – The Next Big Thing is Very Small

Abstract Evolution in dentistry is occurring tremendously as newer and newer advances are taking place. One such latest advancement is nanotechnology in dentistry. A vast range of applications of nanotechnology is seen in almost all the branches of dentistry. When large sized particle is compressed in a small size, they show a great change in the physical and chemical properties. Nanoparticles can be inoculated in various dental materials for better properties. In this article, a brief application of nanotechnology in various fields of dentistry are described.

Molecule(s) of Interest: I. Ionic Liquids-Gateway to Newer Nanotechnology Applications: Advanced Nanobiotechnical Uses', Current Status, Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Prospects.

Ionic liquids are a potent class of organic compounds exhibiting unique physico-chemical properties and structural compositions that are different from the classical dipolar organic liquids. These molecules have found diverse applications in different chemical, biochemical, biophysical fields, and a number of industrial usages. The ionic liquids-based products and procedural applications are being developed for a number of newer industrial purposes, and academic uses in nanotechnology related procedures, processes, and products, especially in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. The current article overviews their uses in different fields, including applications, functions, and as parts of products and processes at primary and advanced levels. The application and product examples, and prospects in various fields of nanotechnology, domains of nanosystem syntheses, nano-scale product development, the process of membrane filtering, biofilm formation, and bio-separations are prominently discussed. The applications in carbon nanotubes; quantum dots; and drug, gene, and other payload delivery vehicle developments in the nanobiotechnology field are also covered. The broader scopes of applications of ionic liquids, future developmental possibilities in chemistry and different bio-aspects, promises in the newer genres of nanobiotechnology products, certain bioprocesses controls, and toxicity, together with emerging trends, challenges, and prospects are also elaborated.

Classification, Synthetic, and Characterization Approaches to Nanoparticles, and Their Applications in Various Fields of Nanotechnology: A Review

Nanoparticles typically have dimensions of less than 100 nm. Scientists around the world have recently become interested in nanotechnology because of its potential applications in a wide range of fields, including catalysis, gas sensing, renewable energy, electronics, medicine, diagnostics, medication delivery, cosmetics, the construction industry, and the food industry. The sizes and forms of nanoparticles (NPs) are the primary determinants of their properties. Nanoparticles’ unique characteristics may be explored for use in electronics (transistors, LEDs, reusable catalysts), energy (oil recovery), medicine (imaging, tumor detection, drug administration), and more. For the aforementioned applications, the synthesis of nanoparticles with an appropriate size, structure, monodispersity, and morphology is essential. New procedures have been developed in nanotechnology that are safe for the environment and can be used to reliably create nanoparticles and nanomaterials. This research aims to illustrate top-down and bottom-up strategies for nanomaterial production, and numerous characterization methodologies, nanoparticle features, and sector-specific applications of nanotechnology.

Kritička procjena učinka nanotitanijeva dioksida na svojstva betona

Recent advances in nanotechnology in various fields demonstrate tremendous promise for resolving a wide variety of problems. Nanotechnology has been shown to improve the efficiency of conventional building materials such as concrete. Numerous types of nanoparticles, such as nano-titanium dioxide, are being used to significantly improve the efficiency, longevity, and sustainability of concrete. This paper summarises prior research on the effect of nano-titanium dioxide on a variety of properties, including heat of hydration, workability, setting time, chemical shrinkage, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, fire resistance, and freeze/thaw resistance. Water absorption, chloride penetration, and permeability are all low in conventional plain or blended cement systems. Additionally, the matrix containing nano-titanium dioxide is compared in this study to a matrix containing other nanoparticles. Civil engineers can use this paper as a quick reference.

A review of advanced microscopy techniques for the development of nanotechnology in agriculture, food, and the environment

Microscopy techniques are essential for understanding the structure of materials of interest in agriculture, food, and the environment. These techniques can be classified according to their operating principles, such as fluorescence, electron, and probe scanning. Their complementary techniques provide specific advantages in the characterization of materials in the above mentioned fields. These approaches facilitate the characterization of the structure and morphology at nanometric and atomic scales of different materials through high-resolution images, as well as the analysis of important characteristics related to the composition and distribution of specific components. In this work, detailed descriptions are given of the operation principles of light microscopy (LM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), superresolution microscopy (SRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A compilation of operating principles is presented along with examples obtained with advanced microscopy techniques applied to the afore mentioned areas. In addition, the preparation of the samples to obtain the final images is described in order to explain the interaction of the sample with the modes of operation for each technique. This review provides an overview of microscopy techniques used in various fields of nanotechnology, including agriculture, food, and the environment.

The cytotoxic effect of graphene oxide nanoparticles on bacterial cells

The results of research on the introduction of nanotechnology in various fields of scientific activities are presented. In medical and veterinary practice, nanoparticles of various forms of carbon are considered promising, because they have a wide arsenal of biomodulatory effects on the body, exhibiting little ecotoxic and organismotoxic effects. Their antibacterial effect is of great importance for the use in medicine. Microorganisms are one of the objects of study of the cytotoxic properties of new medicinal products. The cytotoxic effect of oxidized graphene nanoparticles on the main types of bacterial cells was evaluated by light and atomic force microscopy. Light microscopy allowed to establish that the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of nanoparticles of oxidized graphene, achieved by studying the colonies of microorganisms on the border of their growth inhibition, can lead to tinctorial transversion in Gram-positive microorganisms, in particular Staphylococcus aureus, while in Gram-negative E. coli such a phenomenon is not observed. Using the method of atomic force microscopy, it was found that toxic concentrations of oxidized graphene nanoparticles lead to morphological degradation, the degree of which depends on the exposure time of nanoparticles. Morphological degradation of cells in the main types of bacteria (cocci, bacilli), accompanied by a decrease in cell contours, was observed at 30 min exposure. When the exposure was increased from 30 to 90 min, complete morphological destruction of the bacterial cells and decay of the bacterial population composition were observed. The cytotoxic concentration of oxidized graphene nanoparticles is more than 75 µg·ml-1, as determined by the results of microscopy of test culture samples (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538).

Nanobiotechnology-mediated sustainable agriculture and post-harvest management

• We describe nanotechnology applications in various fields of agriculture, namely seed storage, seed germination, plant growth, priming, fertigation and crop productivity. • We emphasize the use of nanomaterials for the post-harvest management of fruits and vegetables. • Nanomaterials used as intelligent delivery systems for crop productivity, stress tolerance and plant adaptation are discussed. • Nanomaterials used as sensors for precision agriculture and crop protection. Humans directly depend on food and agriculture. However, an estimated one- third of agricultural produce is wasted every year post-harvest loss. The major reasons for post-harvest loss include microbial contamination, moisture content, degradation, and adverse effects of the physical and chemical methods used for storage. Conventional post-harvest methods do not adequately prevent the loss of agricultural produce therefore, new strategies are increasingly needed to address the shortcomings of traditional agricultural post-harvest practices. In this regard, nanotechnology (the manipulation of materials at <100 nm) has emerged as a promising field to replace traditional practices. The use of engineered nanoagroparticles greatly enhances agricultural productivity and mitigates the environmental issues posed by conventional chemical fertilizers. This review aims to describe applications of nanotechnology in various fields of agriculture including seed storage, seed germination, plant growth, priming, fertigation and crop productivity. In addition, nanomaterials used as intelligent delivery systems for crop productivity, stress tolerance and plant adaptation are discussed. Moreover, nanomaterials used as sensors for precision agriculture and crop protection are described in detail. Importantly, we discuss the use of nanomaterials as fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. Finally, we emphasize the use of nanomaterials for the post-harvest management of fruits and vegetables.

Nanotoxicity Assessment: A Necessity

Rapid growth of nanotechnology in various fields like medicine, diagnostics, biotechnology, electronics has gifted the world with products having extraordinary benefits. With increasing use of nanotechnology based products, there is a growing concern about toxicity associated with nanoparticles. Nano-size attributes unique properties to the material due to the increased surface area. But toxic effects associated with nanoparticles are also pronounced. Therefore, research in the field of nanotoxicology is of great importance. Some critical properties of nanoparticles such as chemical composition, size, shape, surface properties, purity are determinants of nanotoxicity. Thus, meticulous characterization of nanoparticles prior to toxicity assessment helps in reducing the toxicity by careful designing of nanoparticles. In vitro assessment of nanotoxicity involves testing on cultured cells whereas in vivo testing involves use of animal models like mice, rats, aquatic frogs etc. Use of predictive models like Zebrafish, Drosophila melanogaster for nanotoxicity research is increased in last few decades. Advanced methods for nanotoxicity assessment involve the use of electrochemical methods which can also give insights about mechanism of nanotoxicity. As the literature in this field is dispersed, this review collates various approaches to give a scheme for nanotoxicity evaluation right from the characterization to toxicity assessment.

Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool.

Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.

Advances in modelling and analysis of nano structures: a review

AbstractNanostructures are widely used in nano and micro-sized systems and devices such as biosensors, nano actuators, nano-probes, and nano-electro-mechanical systems. The complete understanding of the mechanical behavior of nanostructures is crucial for the design of nanodevices and systems. Therefore, the flexural, stability and vibration analysis of various nanostructures such as nanowires, nanotubes, nanobeams, nanoplates, graphene sheets and nanoshells has received a great attention in recent years. The focus has been made, to present the structural analysis of nanostructures under thermo-magneto-electro-mechanical loadings under various boundary and environmental conditions. This paper also provides an overview of analytical modeling methods, fabrication procedures, key challenges and future scopes of development in the direction of analysis of such structures, which will be helpful for appropriate design and analysis of nanodevices for the application in the various fields of nanotechnology.

Fabrication of Metal Oxides Nano-particles for Advancement in Various Fields of Nano-technology

In this review article, considering metal oxide Nano-particles as significant specialized materials, we talked about the manufacture of metallurgical oxides Nano-particles and their ongoing applications in Nano-science and Nano-technology. Nano-innovation is quickly spreading worldwide as an all the more impressive innovation. Nano-technology controls the matter at its atomic level, thus properties such as strength, rigidity, durability, etc. of the case are extraordinarily influenced under the Nano-meter scale. Its small size and high surface-to-volume ratio give it very special properties, which can be used in our practical problems. The utilization of Nanoinnovation is equipped for meeting this present necessity while keeping up high exactness. Nano-technology is generally utilized in different fields, for the most part in medication, vehicle industry, gadgets, e-materials, assembling of Nano-composite materials and building materials to expand the viability of that specific framework. This audit additionally depicts different strategies utilized in creation of metal oxide Nano-particles. In addition, we will inspect in detail the techniques, material instruments and related employment of metal oxide materials for semiconductors. Techniques for the amalgamation of metal oxide Nano-particles and how to frame Nano-composites dependent on them are depicted, and it is seen that there are a couple of various ways to acquire individual Nanoparticles of metal oxides with specific properties. Thought is paid to the production of metal oxide Nano-particles and their application for environmental use, of which their advantage will make another class of materials and new normal developments. In the present examination, the goal is to define the creation and advance utilizations of Nano-materials.

Phytotoxicity of colloidal solutions of stabilized and non-stabilized nanoparticles of essential metals and their oxides

Abstract Advances in nanotechnology in various fields of human activity contribute to increase of their production, improved properties and wider implementation of nanomaterials. However, increasing use may enhance their release into the environment and can lead to affecting human health. The toxicity of colloidal solutions of metal nanoparticles (Cu, Mn) and their oxides, obtained in the absence and presence of a stabilizer, was examined and compared with the use of the standard test system of Allium cepa L.. The phytotoxicity of the experimental solutions was evaluated according to the growth response of the onion roots; the cyto- and genotoxicity were estimated due to the proliferative activity of the root meristem cells. It was established that solutions of stabilized metal nanoparticles were at given concentration toxic to Allium cepa L. according to the integral index of roots growth, however, were not cytotoxic. Difference in the phytotoxicity of stabilized and non-stabilized metal nanoparticles and their oxides depended on their phase composition and affected root growth.

An Overview of Nanotechnology in Food Science: Preparative Methods, Practical Applications, and Safety

As the researches to utilize nanotechnology in food science are advanced, applications of nanotechnology in various fields of the food industry have increased. Nanotechnology can be applied to the food industry for production, processing, storage, and quality control of foods. Nanomaterials, unlike conventional microscale materials, having novel characteristics can improve sensory quality of foods by imparting novel texture, color, and appearance. Nanotechnology has been used to design nanosensors for detection of harmful components in foods and a smart packaging system enabling to recognize food contamination very rapidly and sensitively. Nanoencapsulation is the most significant technology in food science, especially for bioactive compounds and flavors. Targeted delivery systems designed with nanoencapsulation can enhance bioavailability of bioactive compounds after oral administration. In addition, nanoencapsulation enables to control the release of flavors at the desired time and to protect the degradation of flavors during processing and storage. In this review, current applications of nanotechnology in food science including flavor control, enhancement of bioavailability of bioactive compounds, and detection of deleterious substances in foods are presented. Furthermore, this article overviews classification, preparative methods, and safety issues of nanomaterials for food science. This review will be of help to provide comprehensive information for newcomers utilizing nanotechnology to the food sector.

One-dimensional array of gold nanoparticles fabricated using biotemplate and its application to fine FET

By synthesizing AuS nanoparticles (NPs) with spherical shell protein (ferritin) and using a V-groove, a one-dimensional array of NPs was formed at the bottom of the V-groove. It has been reported that AuS NPs are converted to Au NPs by UV/ozone treatment. Floating gate memory (FGM) was fabricated by applying this one-dimensional array to V-grooved junctionless (JL) FETs, V-grooved nin-like-type FETs, and pip-like-type FETs, which are fine FETs. In JL-FETs, it is considered that conversion occurred because of good charge storage efficiency, and operation in the opposite direction to normal FGM operation was seen. In the nin-like and pip-like types devices, the same operation as in conventional FGM was shown, and the width of the memory window was about the same size as when one electron entered one NP. The one-dimensional arrangement of the metal NPs used in this study is considered to be applicable to various fields of nanotechnology.