Context Of Nanotechnology Research Articles

A Proposed Hybrid Model for Cost Management of Agility Smart Supply Chains Using Nanotechnology- Case Study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a proposed hybrid model for managing the cost of agility smart supply chains using Nanotechnology. Methodology – The paper concentrates on a case study of the Egyptian Electric Cables company related to the new implementation of Nanotechnology in Egypt’s industrial sector. The data was collected through interviews with company officials specializing in Nanotechnology since 2022. The paper constructs a model for managing the cost of an agile smart supply chain using the Fuzzy Model. The methodology involves defining specific capabilities and attributes, establishing linguistic scales for performance evaluation, and computing fuzzy performance indices. These indices aim to quantify the performance of agile attributes and capabilities within the context of Nanotechnology’s application in smart supply chains, culminating in an overall Fuzzy Performance Index. Findings – The Egyptian Electric Cables company’s utilization of Nanotechnology within their agile smart supply chain demonstrates remarkable effectiveness, as indicated by the fuzzy performance index values. Their success appears in adeptly managing various factors: flexibility, allowing adaptability to market demands and diverse product ranges; responsiveness, ensuring strong supplier relationships and swift adjustments to market fluctuations; competence, exhibited through effective collaboration, product quality, and skilled workforce development; cost management, focusing on controlling expenses throughout the sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery processes; and performance, emphasizing efficiency, increased output, and resource optimization. These practical results prove the company’s success in integrating Nanotechnology to efficiently manage costs within its agile smart supply chain model. Originality – It is believed that there is no study to date examining the effect of using Nanotechnology on the cost management of agility smart supply chains. This paper contributes to the limited literature on Nanotechnology and cost management of agility smart supply chain. It develops a fuzzy model that integrates Nanotechnology within the scope of capabilities (Flexibility, Responsiveness, Competence, Cost, and performance) in sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery within the agile smart supply chain, the construction of this fuzzy model was guided by the researchers’ creation of the suggested hybrid model for agile smart supply chains, integrating Nanotechnology and leveraging advanced technologies. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Cost Management, Nano Supply Chains, Agility Supply Chains, Smart Supply Chains, Value Chains, RFID, 3D printing.

The Role of Digital Transformation in Reducing Financial and Administrative Corruption: By Application to One of The Local Government Units

The study aimed to Identify the role of digital transformation in reducing corruption in local administrative bodies and identify the level of development of local administrative bodies, Identify the challenges facing the role of digital transformation in developing local administrative bodies. Identify the causes of corruption in local administrative bodies., Develop proposals to activate the role of digital transformation in developing local administrative bodies, reach a proposed work plan to activate the role of digital transformation in developing local administrative bodies to reduce corruption. Moreover, the study relied on the following methods: A descriptive and analytical approach, using a questionnaire to collect data from employees of the local administration center in Mokattam, Cairo Governorate. A field study approach, using interviews with employees and the public benefiting from those services to reduce the appearance of corruption. The study reached several recommendations and proposals, the most important of which are: Linking the role of digital transformation to the local strategic plan. Developing more effective methods of management and organization to reduce direct interaction with citizens. Strengthening the competitive position of localities by creating an integrated system for collecting and storing data and the ability to update it continuously. Paying attention to creative ideas and working to achieve them. Building a new role for digital transformation that is directly related to reducing the appearance of any type of corruption. Benefiting from experts specialized in the field of digital transformation. Increasing cooperation and coordination between local authorities and other administrations. In addition, the study found that the level of development of local administrative bodies in Egypt is still relatively low. This is due to several factors, including: Lack of funding and resources. Lack of qualified staff. Lack of a clear vision and strategy for digital transformation. Keywords: Digital transformation – Financial corruption – Administrative corruption – Local government units

Emerging applications of nanotechnology in context to immunology: A comprehensive review.

Numerous benefits of nanotechnology are available in many scientific domains. In this sense, nanoparticles serve as the fundamental foundation of nanotechnology. Recent developments in nanotechnology have demonstrated that nanoparticles have enormous promise for use in almost every field of life sciences. Nanoscience and nanotechnology use the distinctive characteristics of tiny nanoparticles (NPs) for various purposes in electronics, fabrics, cosmetics, biopharmaceutical industries, and medicines. The exclusive physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of nanoparticles prompt different immune responses in the body. Nanoparticles are believed to have strong potential for the development of advanced adjuvants, cytokines, vaccines, drugs, immunotherapies, and theranostic applications for the treatment of targeted bacterial, fungal, viral, and allergic diseases and removal of the tumor with minimal toxicity as compared to macro and microstructures. This review highlights the medical and non-medical applications with a detailed discussion on enhanced and targeted natural and acquired immunity against pathogens provoked by nanoparticles. The immunological aspects of the nanotechnology field are beyond the scope of this Review. However, we provide updated data that will explore novel theragnostic immunological applications of nanotechnology for better and immediate treatment.

Improving the understanding of fullerene (nC60) aggregate structures: Fractal dimension characterization by static light scattering coupled to asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation

Fullerene (C60) aggregation mechanisms in aqueous media require considerable attention in the near future due to the heavy use and application of fullerene-based products within the context of nanotechnology. Such intensive development will result in the release of massive amounts of C60 in aqueous environmental systems in the aggregate form (nC60). In that sense, the aggregation mechanisms need to be fully determined to better evaluate the environmental fate and behavior of C60. To fulfil these needs, the aim of this work was to extensively characterize the aggregation mechanisms of fullerene aggregates in aqueous media by asymmetrical flow field fractionation (AF4) coupled to static light scattering (SLS). We developed a sequential ultrafiltration method that allows the fractionation of the whole nC60 size distribution into different size classes (1–100–200–450–800nm). Following a preliminary analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS), we optimized several AF4 separation methods to allow screening of these colloidal size classes of nC60 with high efficiency and resolution. The fractal dimension (Df) of this entire size class was characterized directly on-line according to the radius of gyration through a combination of angle-dependent light scattering and fractal dimension analysis. We demonstrate the possible formation and persistence of colloidal populations of nC60 in aqueous media from a few nanometers up to 800nm. Df values ranging from 1.2 to 2.8, based on the nC60 colloidal size range, strongly depend on the method of the sample filtration.

Developmental state and innovation: nanotechnology in China

AbstractIn this article we examine the role of the Chinese government in fostering advances in nanotechnology, while looking at the promises and pitfalls of state‐led development in the world's fastest‐growing major economy. China, like many countries involved in catch‐up development, is convinced that manufacturing prowess alone is not enough to make it a leading economic power in the twenty‐first century. Our concern here is how, within the context of nanotechnology, China's approach to national development reflects the debate on innovation. Many countries, including the United States, see government spending on nanotechnology as essential to creating world leadership in this emerging field. The USA, for example, expects to spend $1.8 billion in 2011 on its National Nanotechnology Initiative – primarily to foster basic research and development. Unlike the USA, government sources largely fund nanotechnology in China, for its economy is in transition from state‐owned to privately‐owned enterprises and still suffers from a lack of private investment capital. Moreover, in China, such funding extends more broadly across the value chain than in the United States, from fundamental research to commercialization. Through field research and extensive interviews, in this article we document and evaluate the effectiveness of China's state‐led efforts to become a global nanotech leader.

Cooperation for competitiveness of emerging countries: learning from a case of nanotechnology

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore a cooperation‐driven stage in the traditional framework of country competitiveness development and also suggest an approach to address pragmatic issues related to cooperation in the context, particularly, competitiveness evaluation and choice of partner country.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives of the research were achieved by a research design that leveraged quantitative tools with strength of case study research. Quantitative data for benchmarking were obtained from a carefully selected Country Competitiveness Report. For identifying criteria of competitiveness for success of a country (aka critical success factors CSF), content analysis of strategic reports from competitive countries was employed.FindingsCooperative strategies and flagship firms emerged to be CSFs that can drive investment needed for innovation and technology development, the later stages in country competitiveness development framework. Evaluation of competitiveness can be quite difficult and resource‐intensive process, but can be improved with innovative mix of different approaches and tools. With quite consistent and effective results in one more international context and a new industry, the assets‐processes‐performance (APP) framework of competitiveness can provide a simple, yet valuable approach with flexibility to adapt across levels and contexts, a vital need.Practical implicationsCompetitiveness leaders should review cooperation processes and performance. They should evolve strategies to leverage cooperation on relevant dimensions.Originality/valueA key contribution of this paper is proposing a vital cooperation‐driven stage for country competitiveness and operationlizing it using three major frameworks of competitiveness in a practical and useful context of nanotechnology, when many countries are evolving their strategies for such industries. An approach is tested to simplify evaluation of competitiveness in a difficult context of emerging industries. It can help leadership take more informed critical decisions about competitiveness and assess their impact for enhancing desired impacts of the decisions. For the purpose, comparing three alternatives, the author extends the APP framework with strategy concept of CSF to enhance its flexibility, thus contributing to needs of effectiveness and simplicity of emerging country context.

Precautionary Governance and the Limits of Scientific Knowledge: A Democratic Framework for Regulating Nanotechnology

I. INTRODUCTION II. A PRINCIPLE IN SEARCH OF MEANING: THE NORMATIVE FLUIDITY OF THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE A. Introduction: On the Pragmatic Nature of the Precautionary Principle B. The Normative Fluidity of the Precautionary Principle: A Close Look 1. The Hazard Condition 2. The Knowledge Condition 3. The Prescriptive Dimension III. FROM AMBIVALENCE TO POLITICS: THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE AS A POLITICAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATING RISKS A. Why Politics: Legitimacy, Reflexivity and Creativity B. The Politics of Precaution: Generic Building Blocks 1. The Hazard Condition 2. The Knowledge Condition 3. The Prescriptive Dimension IV. RE-POLITICIZING THE GOVERNANCE OF RISK: FIVE CHALLENGES IN THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF RISK REGULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY A. Extending the Horizon of Civic Participation: From the Regulation of Risks to the Governance of Innovation and Scientific Policy B. Changing the Institutional Framework of Doing Nanoscience: Science Shops Mediating Agents C. E-deliberation 1. Multi-layered Participation--Confronting the Attraction Problem 2. Using Computer Supported Argumentation and Collaborative Decisionmaking Systems D. Risk Visualization E. De-Biasing the Decisionmaking Process V. BRINGING DEMOCRACY INTO THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE: CONCLUDING REMARKS I. INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology presents regulators with a difficult challenge. Nanomaterials and nanoprocesses involve deep uncertainties regarding their potential benefits and health and environmental risks, reflecting the embryonic state of the underlying science. These uncertainties are exacerbated by the fact that nanotechnology is not a uniform domain, but encompasses a broad range of technologies and products, including bionanotechnology, supramolecular chemistry, nanostructured materials, and self-assembly nanoprocesses. (1) Given these uncertainties, there have been various calls to use the precautionary principle (PP) a governing principle in the regulation of nanotechnology. Thus, for example, the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS) recommended in September 2008 that the precautionary principle be used as one of the general principles of risk management throughout the life cycle of manufactured (2) A recent joint statement by several environmental NGOs notes similarly that It]he Precautionary Principle must be applied to nanotechnologies because scientific research to-date suggests that exposure to at least some nanomaterials, nanodevices, or the products of nanobiotechnology is likely to result in serious harm to human health and the environment. (3) Drawing on the PP, many environmental groups have called for a moratorium on the sale (and even research) of products containing nanomaterials, arguing that the research to date is insufficient to guarantee the safety of nanoproducts, and that whatever safety research has been conducted has not been properly disseminated to the public. (4) The need to apply a precautionary strategy in the regulation of nanotechnology has also been recognized by legal scholars, (5) advisory bodies (6) and 'regulators. (7) These calls rest on several assumptions: * There is plausible support for the claim that nanotechnology is possibly risky, and is risky in novel and non-uniform ways. (8) * There is an expanding gap between the pace at which new products containing nanomaterials are being developed and the generation of relevant environmental, health and safety data. This gap also reflects the fact that current methods of risk assessment are not necessarily appropriate for the evaluation of nanomaterials. …

Research on the societal impacts of nanotechnology: A preliminary comparison of USA, Europe and Japan

We initiate some comparisons between Japan, Europe and USA on how far there is governmental support for the ethical, legal, social and environmental dimensions of nanotechnology development. It is evident that in the USA and Europe nanotechnology is now firmly embedded in the consideration of ELSI. Yet Japan has not yet adequately recognized the importance of these dimensions. The history of bioethics in Japan is short. In Europe, as early as 2004, a nanotechnology report by the UK's Royal Society referred to the possibility of some nanotubes and fibres having asbestos-like toxicity. The negative history of asbestos in Europe and USA is not yet fully identified as a Japanese problem. Japan is therefore in the process of seeking how best to address societal aspects of nanotechnology. Should the precautionary principle be applied to Japan's nanotechnology initiative as in Europe? Should 5-10% of the government's nanotechnology budget be allocated to ELSI research and measures? We propose that the government and industrial sector in Japan play a much more proactive part in the regional and international growth of research into the wider risk assessment, social, health and environmental context of nanotechnologies, not simply try to borrow lessons from the West at a later date.

Nanorobot Movement: Challenges and Biologically inspired solutions

Abstract Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots of the size of few hundred nanometres and below consisting of components of nanoscale or molecular size. There is an all around development in nanotechnology towards realization of nanorobots in the last two decades. In the present work, the compilation of advancement in nanotechnology in context to nanorobots is done. The challenges and issues in movement of a nanorobot and innovations present in nature to overcome the difficulties in moving at nano-size regimes are discussed. The efficiency aspect in context to artificial nanorobot is also presented.

Infusion of Nanotechnology in Chemistry Courses Through Laboratory Redesign and Vertical Threads

ABSTRACTChemistry occupies a unique place in the university curriculum and is required by a wide variety of other disciplines because of its general utility. Unfortunately, the laboratory portion of the course does not always reflect the diversity and excitement of new research in and interesting applications of chemistry since the laboratory experience is designed to help the student master fundamental concepts. At Armstrong Atlantic State University (AASU) we are attacking this problem with the implementation of two series of nanotechnology based “vertical threads” throughout our chemistry curriculum. The vertical threads begin in the freshman year and provide continuity throughout the rest of the curriculum. Experiments direct the student's attention towards modern applications of chemical technology while providing chemical fundamentals expected in traditional laboratory exercises. By seeing these recurring threads at ever increasing levels of complexity, students build upon knowledge gained about nanotechnology with each additional laboratory course.The approach used at AASU created two experimental “vertical threads” which are woven into the educational experience from the bottom-up in both the curriculum and the chemical methodology. Experiments performed in the freshman chemistry lab reappear in expanded forms in subsequent years as part of new experiments that mimic the biological, industrial and medical applications of nanotechnology.We have concentrated our efforts in two areas: magnetite nanoparticles thread, and the chalcogenide nanoparticles thread. Magnetite nanoparticles are prepared by freshmen students while more advanced students modify these nanoparticles for real-world applications. Chalcogenide nanoparticles are synthesized by junior and senior level students and their spectroscopic properties are studied. Senior and undergraduate research students are involved in green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles as well as the use of ZnS, CdS and ceria nanoparticles for photocatalysis applications. The upper division students learn numerous instrumental techniques (i.e. UV-VIS, Fluorescence, FT-IR) within the context of nanotechnology. All students are presented with pre-laboratory and background materials that address the needs for new materials, new techniques for biomedical analysis and drug delivery as well as the environmental impacts of nanotechnology.