Nanotechnology In Cancer Treatment Research Articles

Development and Evaluation of pH‐Responsive Microbeads Incorporated with Nickel Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin

AbstractThe development of a pH‐responsive, biocompatible polymeric carrier for controlled delivery of bioactive agents holds significant practical value for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we used the gelation method to make pH‐responsive polymeric microbeads using sodium alginate (SA), poly(vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐vinyl acetate) (PVPVA), and nickel zinc ferrite (NZF) nanoparticles for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX). The generated microbeads are characterized using various techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Swelling studies reveal enhanced permeability at pH 6.4, and in vitro release studies demonstrate a higher release rate at pH 6.4 compared to pH 2.0. Cytotoxicity tests on MCF‐7 cells (a type of breast cancer cell line) showed that NZF‐loaded microbeads, especially SP‐NZFNPs‐DOX, were more effective than other carriers, indicating their potential usefulness in cancer treatment. Furthermore, biocompatibility tests demonstrate that the SA/PVPVA microbeads and nanoparticles are biocompatible with 3T3 fibroblasts. This study contributes valuable insights to the evolving landscape of nanotechnology in cancer treatment, emphasizing the synergistic role of NZF nanoparticles, SA, and PVPVA in optimizing drug delivery systems.

Extracellular vesicles-powered immunotherapy: Unleashing the potential for safer and more effective cancer treatment

Cancer treatment has seen significant advancements with the introduction of Onco-immunotherapies (OIMTs). Although some of these therapies have received approval for use, others are either undergoing testing or are still in the early stages of development. Challenges persist in making immunotherapy widely applicable to cancer treatment. To maximize the benefits of immunotherapy and minimize potential side effects, it's essential to improve response rates across different immunotherapy methods. A promising development in this area is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel delivery systems. These small vesicles can effectively deliver immunotherapies, enhancing their effectiveness and reducing harmful side effects. This article discusses the importance of integrating nanomedicines into OIMTs, highlighting the challenges with current anti-OIMT methods. It also explores key considerations for designing nanomedicines tailored for OIMTs, aiming to improve upon existing immunotherapy techniques. Additionally, the article looks into innovative approaches like biomimicry and the use of natural biomaterial-based nanocarriers (NCs). These advancements have the potential to transform the delivery of immunotherapy. Lastly, the article addresses the challenges of moving OIMTs from theory to clinical practice, providing insights into the future of using advanced nanotechnology in cancer treatment.

Oral exosome-like nanovesicles from Phellinus linteus suppress metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma by reactive oxygen species generation and microbiota rebalancing.

The biomedical application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment has demonstrated significant potential for improving treatment efficiencies and ameliorating adverse effects. However, the medical translation of nanotechnology-based nanomedicines faces challenges including hazardous environmental effects, difficulties in large-scale production, and possible excessive costs. In the present study, we extracted and purified natural exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) from Phellinus linteus. These nanoparticles (denoted as P-ELNs) had an average particle size of 154.1 nm, displayed a negative zeta potential of -31.3 mV, and maintained stability in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, P-ELNs were found to contain a diverse array of functional components, including lipids and pharmacologically active small-molecule constituents. In vitro investigations suggested that they exhibited high internalization efficiency in liver tumor cells (Hepa 1-6) and exerted significant anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects against Hepa 1-6 cells. Strikingly, the therapeutic outcomes of oral P-ELNs were confirmed in an animal model of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma by amplifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) and rebalancing the gut microbiome. These findings demonstrate the potential of P-ELNs as a promising oral therapeutic platform for liver cancer treatment.

An Overview of the Application of Nanoscience in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death. One of the most important problems in cancer treatment is the side effects of drugs and treatments. The limiting factor in cancer treatment is the lack of selectivity of drugs against cancer cells. Today, nanotechnology has been able to help in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease because most biological processes such as the creation of cancer occur in nano dimensions, therefore, in order to reduce side effects and improve existing drugs, various drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been developed. Cancer researchers use the ability of nanotechnology to evaluate cells and achieve the following goals: 1- Simulating the reaction of cells with protein and nucleic acids at the molecular level, and then obtaining a proper knowledge of cell behavior. 2- Studying the structure and function of intracellular proteins and research in the field of proteomics. 3- Initial determination of cancer. This article is written based on reviews of various articles in reputable journals and books related to the use of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. The selection of sources is based on suitability to the topic, year of research, non-repetition and comprehensiveness of the content. The effective treatment of cancer with the least side effects is considered one of the challenges of medical and pharmaceutical sciences, and the introduction of nanotechnology into therapeutic fields promises the production of a new group of anti-cancer drugs that provide diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities simultaneously. These structures have a special place in cancer treatment as drug carriers and optically and thermally active substance

Shrinking the battlefield in cancer therapy: Nanotechnology against cancer stem cells

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, presenting a significant healthcare challenge owing to the limited efficacy of current treatments. The application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment leverages the unique optical, magnetic, and electrical attributes of nanomaterials to engineer innovative, targeted therapies. Specifically, manipulating nanomaterials allows for enhanced drug loading efficiency, improved bioavailability, and targeted delivery systems, reducing the non-specific cytotoxic effects characteristic of conventional chemotherapies. Furthermore, recent advances in nanotechnology have demonstrated encouraging results in specifically targeting CSCs, a key development considering the role of these cells in disease recurrence and resistance to treatment. Despite these breakthroughs, the clinical approval rates of nano-drugs have not kept pace with research advances, pointing to existing obstacles that must be addressed. In conclusion, nanotechnology presents a novel, powerful tool in the fight against cancer, particularly in targeting the elusive and treatment-resistant CSCs. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of nanotherapy, explicitly targeting cancer stem cells, their markers, and associated signaling pathways.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Cancer Chemotherapy: Helpful Tools for Enhancing Chemo-sensitivity and Reducing Side Effects?

Cancer chemotherapy is still a serious challenge. Chemo-resistance and destructive side effects of chemotherapy drugs are the most critical limitations of chemotherapy. Chemo-resistance is the leading cause of chemotherapy failure. Chemo-resistance, which refers to the resistance of cancer cells to the anticancer effects of chemotherapy drugs, is caused by various reasons. Among the most important of these reasons is the increase in the efflux of chemotherapy drugs due to the rise in the expression and activity of ABC transporters, the weakening of apoptosis, and the strengthening of stemness. In the last decade, a significant number of studies focused on the application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. Considering the anti-cancer properties of zinc, zinc oxide nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years. Some studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles can target the critical mechanisms of cancer chemo-resistance and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. These studies have shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles can reduce the activity of ABC transporters, increase DNA damage and apoptosis, and attenuate stemness in cancer cells, leading to enhanced chemo-sensitivity. Some other studies have also shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles in low doses can be helpful in minimizing the harmful side effects of chemotherapy drugs. In this article, after a brief overview of the mechanisms of chemo-resistance and anticancer effects of zinc, we will review all these studies in detail.

REVOLUTIONIZING CANCER TREATMENT: THE ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN ONCOLOGY

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases of our time, affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite the significant progress made in cancer treatment over the past few decades, conventional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery have their limitations, including toxicity, drug resistance, and damage to healthy cells and tissues. Therefore, researchers are constantly exploring new avenues for cancer treatment that are safer, more effective, and less invasive. One such avenue is the use of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale, which is approximately one billionth of a meter. This technology has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment by offering more targeted and precise therapy. Nanoparticles, for instance, can be engineered to target cancer cells specifically and deliver drugs or other therapeutic agents directly to them, minimizing damage to healthy cells. In this research, we aim to explore the current state of nanotechnology in modern oncology, its potential applications, and its limitations. We review the recent advancements in nanotechnology-based cancer therapy, including the development of targeted nanoparticles for drug delivery, imaging, and theranostics. One of the main advantages of using nanotechnology for cancer treatment is its ability to bypass the blood-brain barrier, allowing for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. This opens up new avenues for the treatment of brain tumors, which are notoriously difficult to treat due to the barrier. Another potential application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment is the use of nanorobots that can be programmed to seek out and destroy cancer cells. These nanorobots can be designed to carry payloads of therapeutic agents or deliver hyperthermia to destroy cancer cells. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology in cancer treatment, there are also challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. For instance, the toxicity and biocompatibility of nanoparticles need to be carefully evaluated to minimize potential harm to healthy cells and tissues.In conclusion, the role of nanotechnology in modern oncology has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. It offers more targeted and precise therapy, and can potentially overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapies. However, further research is needed to fully explore the potential of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and to address the challenges and limitations associated with it. In conclusion, the role of nanotechnology in modern oncology has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. It offers more targeted and precise therapy, and can potentially overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapies. However, further research is needed to fully explore the potential of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and to address the challenges and limitations associated with it.

Current Strategies in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photodynamic Diagnostics (PDD) and the Future Potential of Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment.

Photodynamic diagnostics (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are well-established medical technologies used for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms. They rely on the use of photosensitizers, light and oxygen to visualize or eliminate cancer cells. This review demonstrates the recent advancements in these modalities with the use of nanotechnology, including quantum dots as innovative photosensitizers or energy donors, liposomes and micelles. Additionally, this literature review explores the combination of PDT with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery for treating various neoplasms. The article also focuses on the latest achievements in PDD and PDT enhancements, which seem to be very promising in the field of oncology.

Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment

Nanotechnology has the potential to increase the selectivity and potency of chemical, physical, and biological approaches for eliciting cancer cell death while minimizing collateral toxicity to nonmalignant cells. Materials on the nanoscale are increasingly being targeted to cancer cells with great specificity through both active and passive targeting. In this review, we summarize recent literature that has broken new ground in the use of nanotechnology for cancer treatment with an emphasis on targeted drug delivery.

Current developments in nanotechnology for cancer treatment

The emerging field of nanotechnology find applications in almost every field comprising physics, biology, chemistry, medicine and engineering. One of the foremost promising use of nanotechnology is in the field of medical technology. The well-known cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiotherapy have several limitations like lack of early disease detection, non-local drug distribution. In these treatments the specific drug concentration reaches not only the tumour site but is distributed all over and hence have very less ability to cure and monitor the effect of the drug in human body. Nanotechnology has made it possible to overcome these limitations to some extent. This paper is an overview of advancements in Nano-biotechnology which helps in delivering the anticancer drug including nanocarriers like dendrimers, nanoshells, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nucleic acid based nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles etc. Nanocarriers have the ability to improve the currently available drug’s therapeutic index by lowering the toxicity level of drug, increasing the drug efficacy, achieving steady state therapeutic level of drugs over an extended period of time.

Nanotechnology in cancer treatment

This article describes the role of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. Also the article deals with conceptssuch as “nano”, nanotechnology”, “nanotherapy”; the methods of cancer nanotherapy are indicated.

Synthesis of folic acid-conjugated glycodendrimer with magnetic β-cyclodextrin core as a pH-responsive system for tumor-targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin and curcumin

One of the most important applications of nanotechnology in cancer treatment involves the design of magnetic nanocomposites for the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to cancer cells. This study aims to develop a novel, appropriate, and efficient magnetic carrier having antioxidant properties for the controlled release of anticancer drugs, hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX), and hydrophobic curcumin (CUR) to cancer cells using folic acid conjugated with magnetic glycodendrimer (Fe 3 O 4 -β-CD-CTD-FA). The synthesized carrier was characterized using DLS, EDX, XRD, BET, FT‐IR, Zeta potential, VSM, TEM, and SEM analysis. The TEM results showed that synthesized Fe 3 O 4 -β-CD-CTD-FA have a spherical-like core-shell structure with an average diameter of approximately 533 nm. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of Fe 3 O 4 -β-CD-CTD-FA was found to be 98.96% for DOX and 70.91% for CUR. The release studies of DOX and CUR from Fe 3 O 4 -β-CD-CTD-FA showed that maximum release occurs at pH 5 which means it has a controlled pH-responsive behavior. In vitro cytotoxicity and confocal microscopy of the as-synthesized Fe 3 O 4 -β-CD-CTD-FA in MDA-MB-231 cells clearly showed that the prepared carrier had no significant cytotoxicity and could easily enter the cell. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant capacity of Fe 3 O 4 -β-CD-CTD-FA was evaluated by DPPH assay and the results exhibited that the synthesized carrier has excellent antioxidant activity (75.45%). Therefore, the obtained glycodendrimer in this study due to their target ability under a magnetic field, excellent biocompatibility, good colloidal stability, simple preparing method, and good antioxidant activity could be used as a promising targeted co-drug delivery system for cancer therapy. • Fe 3 O 4 -β-CD-CTD-FA nanocomposite with antioxidant properties successfully prepared. • The resulted nanocomposite was applied for co-delivery of DOX and CUR to breast cancer cells. • In vitro cytotoxicity and confocal microscopy illustrated that the nanocomposite had no significant cytotoxicity and could easily enter the cells.

Metallic nanomaterials in cancer theranostics: A review of Iron oxide and Gold-based nanomaterials

The role of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and diagnosis, especially in the creation of new generation cancer diagnostic and therapeutic instruments, has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Attempts to incorporate therapeutic and diagnostic properties in a single efficient nanomedicine solution have been made in large numbers. This concept, coined theranostics, is a smart nanosystem capable of diagnosing, successful dissemination, and therapeutic reaction tracking. By integrating clinical functionality with molecular imaging, therapeutic interventions can be useful in the selection of medication, treatment preparation, objective response control and follow-up planning based on the specific molecular characteristics of the disorder. Here, we summarize a number of recent efforts in this regard and demonstrate that therapeutic systems and techniques have considerable potential for tracking and optimizing nanomedicine-mediated drug targeting.

Recent progress in mitochondria-targeting-based nanotechnology for cancer treatment.

Mitochondria play critical roles in the regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of cancerous cells. Nanosystems for targeted delivery of cargos to mitochondria for cancer treatment have attracted increasing attention in the past few years. This review will summarize the state of the art of design and construction of nanosystems used for mitochondria-targeted delivery. The use of nanotechnology for cancer treatment through various pathways such as energy metabolism interference, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, mitochondrial protein targeting, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) interference, mitophagy inducing, and combination therapy will be discussed. Finally, the major challenges and an outlook in this field will also be provided.

Clinical applications of nanomedicine research with Sourav Bhattacharjee

In this second Expert Perspective video with Sourav Bhattacharjee of the University College Dublin, Sourav discusses how nanomedicine is being used in clinical research, with particular emphasis on the role of nanomedicine and nanotechnology in cancer treatment.

Trends in Nanomedicines for Cancer Treatment.

Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth and considered one of the leading causes of death around the world. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology has been extensively studied for the optimization of cancer treatment. Comprehend the panorama of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology in cancer treatment, through a survey about nanomedicines applied in clinical studies, approved for use and patented. Acknowledged products under clinical study and nanomedicines commercialized found in scientific articles through research on the following databases: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo and Lilacs. Derwent tool was used for patent research. Nanomedicines based on nanoparticles, polymer micelles, liposomes, dendrimers and nanoemulsions were studied, along with cancer therapies such as Photodynamic Therapy, Infrared Phototherapy Hyperthermia, Magnetic Hyperthermia, Radiotherapy, Gene Therapy and Nanoimmunotherapy. Great advancement has been observed over nanotechnology applied to cancer treatment, mainly for nanoparticles and liposomes. The combination of drugs in nanosystems helps to increase efficacy and decrease toxicity. Based on the results encountered, nanoparticles and liposomes were the most commonly used nanocarriers for drug encapsulation. In addition, although few nanomedicines are commercially available, this specific research field is continuously growing.

The Nanotechnology (Preparation, Applications, and Cancer Treatment): Review

The medical, engineering, and technological fields witnessed a great leap in the development and improvement of the properties of various materials to use them in the best applications and benefit from them, especially in the medical fields. Materials have evolved through the introduction and development of various production methods to improve the quality of materials, and one of these methods is the method of producing nanomaterial’s that gave a quantum leap in the properties of materials compared to ordinary materials because of their distinctive effect on (engineering, medical and technological applications). Amongthe most important applications of nanotechnology in cancer treatment, the effect of this technology has been observed to treat and reduce cancer. There are multiple ways to manufacture nanomaterials, but one of the most important methods is the Sol-Gel method, So we will address the fundamentals of this process, its most important applications because This method has proven its economic and efficient to manufacture various nanomaterials in different shapes and is considered simple compared to other methods. This review deals with methods of manufacturing nanoparticles in general and the treatment of cancer.

THE IMPACT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ANTICANCER NANOMATERIALS: A REVIEW

Cancer is a global leading cause of death which suffers from treatment failures mainly due to intensive toxicity and lack of effectiveness of conventional drugs. The application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment promises to overcome the limitations of conventional drugs/drug delivery systems and improve their therapeutic efficacy. Materials at the nano scale possess novel properties that have an impact on their biological behaviour. The physiological interactions of nanomedicines in the body, which differ from those of conventional medicines, may provide benefits in pharmaceutical and/or clinical applications including, improvements in solubility, stability, efficacy, reduction of side effects, prevention and treatment of diseases. This paper discusses the unique characteristics and distinguished advantages of nanomaterials as anticancer drug carriers. Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are critical parameters to their clinical translation. Hence, the impact of the main physicochemical properties on the efficacy of anitcancer nanomaterials, which are found to effective for cancer treatment and/or diagnosis, are presented. It is important to have reliable and robust characterization techniques that could enable relate physicochemical properties of nanomaterials with their in vivo behaviour. Brief explanation of the different techniques that can be used for studying the different physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials is given. An important consideration, to achieve fast and successful development of nanotechnology-based anticancer drug products, is assessment and optimization of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties at the early stage. Obviously this requires collaboration among the different discovery and development scientists.

Gold Nanoparticles for BCR-ABL1 Gene Silencing: Improving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Efficacy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment is associated with a 63% probability of maintaining a complete cytogenetic response, meaning that over 30% patients require an alternative methodology to overcome resistance, tolerance, or side effects. Considering the potential of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and the benefits of a combined therapy with imatinib, a nanoconjugate was designed to achieve BCR-ABL1 gene silencing. Gold nanoparticles were functionalized with a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide that selectively targets the e14a2 BCR-ABL1 transcript expressed by K562 cells. This gold (Au)-nanoconjugate showed great efficacy in gene silencing that induced a significant increase in cell death. Variation of BCL-2 and BAX protein expression, an increase of caspase-3 activity, and apoptotic bodies in cells treated with the nanoconjugate demonstrate its aptitude for inducing apoptosis on K562 BCR-ABL1-expressing cells. Moreover, the combination of the silencing Au-nanoconjugate with imatinib prompted a decrease of imatinib IC50. This Au-nanoconjugate was also capable of inducing the loss of viability of imatinib-resistant K562 cells. This strategy shows that combination of Au-nanoconjugate and imatinib make K562 cells more vulnerable to chemotherapy and that the Au-nanoconjugate alone may overcome imatinib-resistance mechanisms, thus providing an effective treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia patients who exhibit drug tolerance.

Nanotechnology: Next generation war against cancer

The applications of nanotechnology significantly benefit clinical practices in cancer diagnosis, management and treatment. This article reveals the application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment by using the different strategies for example use of nanoparticles like liposomes, dendrimers, nanoshells, carbon nanotubes, superpara-magnetic, silver/gold nanoparticles and nucleic acid based nanoparticles as well as the nanotechnology for a combination of therapeutic strategies. The advantages and challenges of these particles are also discussed. The use of different green synthesized based gold and silver nanoparticles are important for the apoptosis of different types of cancerous cells. Both size and shapes of these particles are important from the biological point of view and from the material characteristics. In present review we have also highlighted the role of some advanced nano-technologies and bio-therapeutics for diagnose and treatment of this lethal disease. Keywords: Liposomes; Gold nanoparticles; Silver nanoparticles; Super paramagnetic; Anti-tumor; Bio-therapeutics http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60034