Formation Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Protective Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Against Cytosine Arabinoside Genotoxicity: An In Vivo Micronucleus Assay

Cancer treatments have harmful side effects, including genotoxic ones. Our previous research discovered that a specific silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) formulation could reduce the genotoxic effects of an alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide. This study aims to evaluate if this protective effect is observed against an antimetabolite anticancer agent, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). An erythrocyte micronucleus assay was conducted on BALB/c mice. A most significant effect was observed after the application scheme, including three doses of Ara-C and three subsequent doses of AgNPs, resulting in a 3.7 and 2.0-fold decrease in the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes and accumulated erythrocytes, respectively. Current and previous studies reveal that AgNPs could be used as a genoprotector against the genotoxic damage produced by the currently used antineoplastic antimetabolites and alkylating agents. It was revealed that AgNPs could be considered a new class of promising synthetic antineoplastic genoprotectants along with the known class of derivatives from natural sources.

Simultaneous Detection of Glucose and Acetoacetate in Artificial Urine Samples Using 3D-Connector Microfluidic Paper Based Analytical Devices

Diabetic patients sometimes experience both hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia simultaneously. This condition requires proper management of glucose and ketone body biomarkers. The fluctuating intensity of these biomarkers necessitates regular monitoring. This study aims to develop concept non-enzymatic measurement method by integrating µPADs (microfluidic paper-based analytical devices) for detecting glucose and acetoacetate in artificial urine samples. The method uses silver nanoparticle formation for glucose detection and Schiff base reaction as well as the Rothera test for acetoacetate detection. Optimal conditions found include the glucose detection zone with volume ratio of AgNO3 500 mM : starch 3% (w/v) (1 : 1), and the acetoacetate detection zone with glycine 900 mM in phosphate buffer pH 9.4. The artificial urine sample combination consists of glucose, acetoacetate, and acetone with volume ratio of (1 : 1 : 1). The 3D-Connector for glucose uses NaOH 10 M : starch 3% (w/v) with volume ratio of (1 : 3), while for acetoacetate, sodium nitroprusside 15% (w/w) in DMF 5% (v/v). Validity for glucose measurement shows linearity (R² = 0.9664), precision (RSD = 4.56%), accuracy (88.75 – 99.62%), LOD (1.61 mM), and LOQ (5.37 mM). Conversely, acetoacetate measurement shows linearity (R² = 0.9636), precision (RSD = 1.24%), accuracy (99.44 – 99.73%), LOD (1.41 mM), and LOQ (4.69 mM).

Spontaneous Metal-Chelation Strategy for Highly Dense Ni Single-Atom Catalysts with Asymmetric Coordination in CO2 Electroreduction.

Developing metal-nitrogen-doped carbon single-atom catalysts (M-NC SACs) with high loadings for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) remains challenging owing to the risk of metal aggregation. Herein, the study presents a facile strategy for synthesizing M-NC SACs using metal-chelating ligands, eliminating the need for additional processing steps. Specifically, using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a strong metal-chelating ligand, the formation of Ni nanoparticles is effectively prevented and a high loading of ≈2.7 wt.% is achieved, leading to the development of high-loading Ni SACs. The resulting catalysts exhibit a high CO faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 96.6% and CO partial current density of -120.2 mA cm-2 and retain a FECO over 90% in a broad potential range of -0.4 to -0.9 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, theoretical calculations indicate that the asymmetric Ni-N3C1 local coordination structure within the catalyst reveals an optimal balance between *COOH formation and *CO desorption, which enhances the activity for eCO2RR to CO. This study offers an efficient strategy to suppress metal nanoparticle formation while simultaneously improving the metal loading in M-NC SACs.

Correction to “Sonochemical Formation of Fluorouracil Nanoparticles: Toward Controlled Drug Delivery from Polymeric Surfaces”

Correction to “Sonochemical Formation of Fluorouracil Nanoparticles: Toward Controlled Drug Delivery from Polymeric Surfaces”

Ultrasensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Gatifloxacin Using Au@Ag Nanoparticles as a Signal-Enhancing Label

Gatifloxacin (GAT), an antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone (FQ) class, is a toxicant that may contaminate food products. In this study, a method of ultrasensitive immunochromatographic detection of GAT was developed for the first time. An indirect format of the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was performed. GAT-specific monoclonal antibodies and labeled anti-species antibodies were used in the LFIA. Bimetallic core@shell Au@Ag nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) were synthesized as a new label. Peroxidase-mimic properties of Au@Ag NPs allowed for the catalytic enhancement of the signal on test strips, increasing the assay sensitivity. A mechanism of Au@Ag NPs-mediated catalysis was deduced. Signal amplification was achieved through the oxidative etching of Au@Ag NPs by hydrogen peroxide. This resulted in the formation of gold nanoparticles and Ag+ ions, which catalyzed the oxidation of the peroxidase substrate. Such “chemical enhancement” allowed for reaching the instrumental limit of detection (LOD, calculated by Three Sigma approach) and cutoff of 0.8 and 20 pg/mL, respectively. The enhanced assay procedure can be completed in 21 min. The enhanced LFIA was tested for GAT detection in raw meat samples, and the recoveries from meat were 78.1–114.8%. This method can be recommended as a promising instrument for the sensitive detection of various toxicants.

Structure-based drug design of pre-clinical candidate nanopiperine: a direct target for CYP1A1 protein to mitigate hyperglycaemia and associated microbes

ABSTRACT Diabetes is attributed to an increased vulnerability to bacterial infection linked to unregulated hyperglycaemia. The present study highlights the formulation of nanoparticles with phyto-compound piperine (PIP) encapsulated within non-toxic biodegradable polymer poly-lactide co-glycolide (PLGA) which showed a variety in surface functionality, biocompatibility, and the ability to tailor an optimized release rate from its polymeric enclosure. The observations revealed that nanopiperine (NPIP) pre-treatment in mice inhibited alteration in hepatic tissue architecture and hepato-biochemical parameters in diabetes and its associated bacterial infections. NPIP also decreased the propensity of lipids to undergo an oxidation process and stabilized the membrane lipids in vivo, thereby lowering oxidative stress and preventing enzymatic activation of CYP1A1. This result is corroborated with the in silico molecular docking study where PIP binding with CYP1A1 gave −11.32 Kcal/mol dock score value. The antibacterial activity of PIP was further demonstrated by the in silico PIP and Ef-Tu protein-binding efficacy revealing −6.48 Kcal/mol score value which was coupled with the results of in vitro studies where the zone of inhibition assay with NPIP against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thus, NPIP could serve as a potential drug candidate in modulating targeted proteins to inhibit the progression of hyperglycaemia and its associated microbes.

Mangifera indica L. leaf assisted biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles and their antifungal activity against plant pathogen Aspergillus niger Tiegh.

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles is an emerging field in nanotechnology. There are several different methods to prepare silver nanoparticles depending upon their uses such as in the pharmaceutical and textile industries, and the field of medicine. One of the most important applications of silver nanoparticles is their antifungal activity against different plant pathogenic fungi. In this study, a cost-effective and environment-friendly method was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of different varieties of Mangifera indica L. The varieties used in this study were Fajri, Malta, Sinduri, Sufaid Chaunsa, and Langra. The aqueous extract of the leaves of mango acted as reducing and stabilizing agents for the silver nanoparticles. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the UV-Vis spectroscopy in which a surface plasmon resonance peak within the range of 448-454 nm was observed. FTIR analysis was also performed which showed the bands between 3738 cm-1 to 432 cm-1 which confirmed the presence of different chemical groups. Silver nanoparticles were further characterized by the scanning electron microscopy which revealed the sizes of the nanoparticles within the range of 12-235 nm. After characterization, the antifungal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated. From the results, it was concluded that all the varieties showed a greater inhibitory effect at the concentration of 100 mg/L, but it was observed that silver nanoparticles prepared by the leaf extract of cv. Fajri exhibited a greater inhibitory effect against Aspergillus niger having a percent inhibition of 79.8%.

Model Adequacy in Assessing the Predictive Performance of Regression Models in Pharmaceutical Product Optimization: The Bedaquiline Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Example

This study aimed to assess the predictive performance of first- and second-order regression models in optimizing bedaquiline (BQ) solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations. A three-step central composite design and graphical optimization process was employed. A design of experiments method was used to evaluate the impact of BQ, Tween 80 (T80), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and lecithin on the formulations’ response variables, including Z-average (PSD), polydispersibility index (PdI), and Zeta potential (ZP). Secondly, we quantified the relationship between experimental variables using the regression model coefficients. Lastly, we predicted the responses and verified the models’ adequacies to ensure accurate representation and effective optimization. The first-order polynomial showed poor model adequacy and required further refinement due to its lack of explanatory power and significant predictors. Conversely, the second-order models provided superior fitness, sensitivity to variability, complexity, and prediction consistency. The optimized formulation achieved a desirability value of 0.9998, indicating alignment with the desired criteria. Specifically, the levels of BQ (19.4 mg), T80 (25.2 mg), PEG (39.2 mg), and lecithin (200 mg) corresponded to PdI (0.41), PSD (250.99 nm), and ZP (−25.95 mV). Maintaining a BQ concentration between 10 and 20% and T80 between 15 and 18% is vital for maximizing ZP and minimizing PdI and PSD, ensuring stable SLN formulations. This study underscores the significance of precise model selection and statistical analysis in pharmaceutical formulation optimization for enhanced drug delivery systems.

Green Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Nonlinear Optics and Applications

This study presents a green method for synthesising gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) employing Gum Arabic extract as a reducing and stabilising agent. The synthesised nanoparticles are characterised using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The visible colour change and the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks confirmed the formation of silver and gold nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles was determined from the UV-Vis spectra data, and the results were compared to sizes measured by TEM. The nonlinear refraction (n2) and nonlinear absorption (b) coefficient of AgNPs and AuNPs at 488 and 514 nm were investigated under continuous wave (CW) mode excitation using the Z-scan technique. By fitting the experimental data to the Z-scan theoretical equations, the nonlinear refraction index and the nonlinear absorption coefficient were found. The origin of the nonlinearities was discussed, and it was proposed to be of thermal effect for the nonlinear refractive index and Reverse Saturation Absorption (RSA) for nonlinear absorption. Optical limiting and switching were demonstrated by taking advantage of the samples' nonlinear optical characteristics.

Synthesis of Polymeric Nanoparticles Using Fungal Biosurfactant as Stabilizer

Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are highly valuable across various industries due to their advantageous properties, including biocompatibility and enhanced release control, which are particularly important for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Fungi, through secondary metabolism, are capable of producing biosurfactants (BSs)—amphiphilic molecules that reduce surface tension and can therefore substitute synthetic surfactants in PNP stabilization. In this study, we investigated the production of biosurfactants by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus welwitschiae CG2-16, isolated from the Amazon region, as well as its use as a PNP stabilizer. The fungus exhibited a 36% reduction in the surface tension of the culture medium during growth, indicative of BS production. The partially purified biosurfactant demonstrated an emulsification of 24%, a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 280 mg/L, and an FTIR spectrum suggesting a lipopeptide composition. The biosurfactant was employed in the synthesis of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles via nanoprecipitation and emulsion/diffusion methods. Nanoprecipitation yielded spherical nanoparticles with a low polydispersity index (0.14 ± 0.04) and a high zeta potential (−29.10 ± 8.70 mV), indicating suspension stability. These findings highlight the significant role of biosurfactants in polymeric nanoparticle formation and stabilization, emphasizing their potential for diverse applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industrial sectors.

Self-assembly of MoTe2 nanostructures and nanocomposites over centimeter-large areas via femtosecond laser

The fabrication of patterned two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibits significant potential for advancing their electronic and optoelectronic applications. In this Letter, we demonstrate a rapid and scalable method for creating nanoscale periodic molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) nanostructures and mixed-dimensional heterostructures over a large area using direct femtosecond laser irradiation. Under intense femtosecond laser pulses, periodic energy deposition occurs in layered MoTe2 and subsequently induces the formation of MoTe2 periodic nanostructures. In addition, femtosecond laser ablation at a high repetition rate (1 MHz) results in the formation of numerous crystalline Te nanoparticles scattered on the surface of MoTe2 layers, creating mixed-dimensional Te/MoTe2 heterostructures. Notably, the fabrication of MoTe2 periodic nanostructures and mixed-dimensional heterostructures is driven by a self-assembled process. This technique enables the production of centimeter-scale MoTe2 periodic nanostructures and nanocomposites within 5 min, offering a cost-effective, lithography-free approach for fabricating periodically nanostructured 2D materials in large areas for practical applications in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, and sensing.

Boosting the Durability of High-Pt-Content Fuel Cell Cathode Catalysts Through TaOx Decorating.

Enhancing the durability of carbon-supported platinum catalysts (Pt/C) for the oxygen reduction reaction remains a significant challenge in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), especially for catalysts with high-Pt contents. Herein, a TaOx decorating strategy that is capable of effectively boosting the durability of Pt/C catalysts even with a high-Pt content of 50 wt.% is introduced. This strategy involves introducing reducible Ta2O5 nanoparticles into carbon supports, depositing Pt nanoparticles, and finally conducting high-temperature H2 annealing to convert reducible Ta2O5 nanoparticles into amorphous TaOx decorating the Pt nanoparticles. The annealing temperature found in the Ta2O5 incorporation step is critical for the formation of reducible Ta2O5 nanoparticles, which, in turn, determines the continuity of the TaOx subsequently formed around the Pt nanoparticles. By controlling annealing temperature, the formation of a relatively continuous TaOx distribution on the Pt nanoparticle surface is achieved, thereby maximizing the interaction between Pt and TaOx and enhancing the electrochemical stability of Pt nanoparticles. Following the accelerated durability test, the resulting high-Pt-content catalyst demonstrates an array of exceptional durability metrics, including an electrochemical surface area loss of 30%, a mass activity loss of 35%, and a voltage loss of 22mV at 0.8 A cm‒2.

Ultra-small Metallic Nickel Nanoparticles on Dealuminated Zeolite for Active and Durable Catalytic Dehydrogenation.

Each step in the catalyst synthesis process plays an important role in tuning the catalyst structures. For zeolite-supported nickel catalysts, we found the conventional calcination-reduction method typically leads to the formation of large nickel particles, but a pre-aging in hydrogen or nitrogen at a low temperature prior to final reduction can result in ultra-small nickel nanoparticles in a metallic state. This pre-aging treatment facilitates the interaction between Ni2+ cations and silanol nests on zeolite before the decomposition of the metal salt, leading to the formation of nanoparticles with an average diameter of ~1.2 nm. In contrast, the pre-calcination in oxygen caused the Ni2+ aggregation before the decomposition of the metal salt precursor, yielding nickel nanoparticles larger than 5 nm. Given the structure sensitivity of nickel in cyclohexane dehydrogenation for hydrogen production, the ultra-small nickel nanoparticles exhibited significantly enhanced activity and durability compared to previous nickel catalysts.

Ultra‐small Metallic Nickel Nanoparticles on Dealuminated Zeolite for Active and Durable Catalytic Dehydrogenation

Each step in the catalyst synthesis process plays an important role in tuning the catalyst structures. For zeolite‐supported nickel catalysts, we found the conventional calcination‐reduction method typically leads to the formation of large nickel particles, but a pre‐aging in hydrogen or nitrogen at a low temperature prior to final reduction can result in ultra‐small nickel nanoparticles in a metallic state. This pre‐aging treatment facilitates the interaction between Ni2+ cations and silanol nests on zeolite before the decomposition of the metal salt, leading to the formation of nanoparticles with an average diameter of ~1.2 nm. In contrast, the pre‐calcination in oxygen caused the Ni2+ aggregation before the decomposition of the metal salt precursor, yielding nickel nanoparticles larger than 5 nm. Given the structure sensitivity of nickel in cyclohexane dehydrogenation for hydrogen production, the ultra‐small nickel nanoparticles exhibited significantly enhanced activity and durability compared to previous nickel catalysts.

Supramolecular pre‐organisation rhodium and iridium metal complexes within M12L24 self‐assembled nanospheres for the confined synthesis Rh/Ir alloyed nanoparticles

Controlling the size and composition of metal nanoparticles is of considerable interest, as these are essential to their catalytic properties. We report the controlled synthesis Rh nanoparticles by preorganisation of metal complexes inside Pt12L24 nanospheres based on complementary hydrogen bonds before the reduction step that leads to nanoparticle formation. The encapsulated RhI complexes (Rh‐s @ G‐sphere) led to reasonable size control (2.8 ± 0.9 nm). We also report the formation of Rh‐Ir alloyed nanoparticles with varying Rh/Ir compositions. These heterometallic particles were evaluated in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (7) as a probe reaction. Besides a high activity in this probe reaction, the Rh particles also catalyzed the conversion of the solvent (CH3CN). The formed basic amine leads to follow‐up reactions of the product and compatibility issues with the hosting nanosphere. The solvent hydrogenation was effectively suppressed by using the Rh:Ir alloyed nanoparticles, provided that they contain >66% Ir. The Rh:Ir alloyed nanoparticles displayed high catalytic activity, reaching optimal selectivity and activity at an 8:16 ‐ Rh:Ir ratio. The combined catalytic results illustrate that pre‐organisation of the metal complexes in the nanosphere before the reduction with hydrogen effectively facilitates the formation of Rh:Ir alloyed nanoparticles.

Formulation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Rosiglitazone and Probiotic: Optimization and In-vitro Characterization.

In the present study, solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with Rosiglitazone and probiotics were prepared via solvent emulsification diffusion method which is patented. As a lipid and surfactant, Gleceryl monostearate and Pluronic -68 were used in the formulation process. During characterization, it was determined that ingredient quantity variations significantly impacted Rosiglitazone loading capacity, particle size, polydispersity index, etc. In an optimized formulation of RSG-PB loaded SLNs, spherical particles with a mean particle size of 147.66 ± 1.52 nm, PDI of 0.42 ± 0.02, and loading capacity of 45.36 ± 0.20 were identified. Moreover, the developed SLNs had the potential to discharge the drug for up to 24 hours, as predicted by Higuchi's pharmacokinetic model. The SLNs were stable at 25°C/60%RH for up to 60 days. There was little to no change in particle size, PDI, or loading capacity. In addition, the number of probiotic bacteria was determined using the standard plate count procedure. Further, the antioxidant effect of the prepared formulation is evaluated using the DPPH assay method. This study concludes that the method used to fabricate RSG-probiotic-loaded SLNs is straightforward and yields favorable results regarding various parameters, including sustained release property, particle size, PDI, and percent drug loading stability. Furthermore, DPPH radical scavenging activity shows the high antioxidant potential of RSG-PB SLNs when compared to RSG and probiotics alone.

Designing of amiloride loaded citrate functionalized amorphous silica nanoparticles to investigate its genotoxic and cytotoxic potential

In the present work, silica-based nanocarrier for the anticancer drug, amiloride have been synthesized and characterized using various physicochemical techniques. The aim of this work emphasis on investigating the physicochemical properties and cytotoxic effects of citrate-functionalized amiloride loaded silica nanoparticles. Silica nanoparticles synthesis was carried out via condensation reaction, then coated by tris sodium citrate, followed by their functionalization using amiloride through EDC-NHS reaction. SEM and HR-XRD analysis indicated the formation of amorphous spherical silica nanoparticles. The existence of citrate coating was evident from FT-IR and TGA results, which were supported by DLS and zeta potential studies. The formation of amiloride conjugated citrate coated silica nanoparticles (SiNPs-Cit@Ami) was confirmed by the DLS, Zeta potential and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Size of SiNPs-Cit@Ami nanoparticles was found to be around 80nm using TEM. Additionally, these nanoparticles showed high loading efficiency and time-dependent release of amiloride. DNA binding studies were examined using UV–Visible, Fluorescence spectroscopic and Competitive fluorescence studies. The results indicate that SiNPs-Cit@Ami bind to Ct-DNA via minor groove binding mode. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of SiNPs-Cit@Ami on HepG2 cell lines was found to be higher than amiloride alone. Our findings suggest that SiNPs-Cit@Ami can be employed as a promising candidate for cancer mitigation.

Design of MnO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction composite photocatalysts for augmented charge separation and photocatalytic degradation performance with superior antibacterial activity

The development of advanced photocatalysts is critical for addressing environmental pollution and enhancing water purification processes. Our study has effectively developed a novel MnO2/g-C3N4 (MGC) heterojunction composite photocatalyst exhibiting superior photo-degradation under visible-light (VL) conditions and also established antibacterial activities. Comprehensive characterization was acquired using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM with EDX-associated mapping images, TEM, UV–Vis DRS and PL investigations, indicating the successful formation of well-dispersed MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) over the g-C3N4 catalyst. The MGC composite heterojunction photocatalyst demonstrated increased photocatalytic degradation activity of 77.2 % in aqueous crystal violet (CV) under VL within 120 min, significantly outperforming pure g-C3N4 and MnO2 by 3.02 and 2.37 times, respectively. The MGC composite demonstrates remarkable stability and reusability, retaining 73.7 % of its efficiency after five consecutive cycles. Additionally, the as-synthesised composite endows potent antibacterial action against various pathogenic bacteria including K. pneumonia, S. aureus, E. coli and B. cereus. The active species analysis indicates that the composite photocatalyst facilitates charge transfer, while effectively preventing the recombination of photo-produced carriers via an effective Z-scheme mechanism, and the synergistic things among MnO2 and g-C3N4 are accredited to the boosted photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. This research describes a photocatalytic approach for efficiently eliminating various contaminants from water bodies, which has significant implications for the future development of photocatalytic technology for wastewater handling.

An Overview of Metallic Nanoparticles: Classification, Synthesis, Applications, and their Patents.

Nanotechnology has gained enormous attention in pharmaceutical research. Nanotechnology is used in the development of nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 1-100 nm, with several extraordinary features. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used in various areas, such as molecular biology, biosensors, bio imaging, biomedical devices, diagnosis, pharmaceuticals, etc., for their specific applications. For this study, we have performed a systematic search and screening of the literature and identified the articles and patents focusing on various physical, chemical, and biological methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their pharmaceutical applications. A total of 174 references have been included in this present review, of which 23 references for recent patents were included. Then, 29 papers were shortlisted to describe the advantages, disadvantages, and physical and chemical methods for their synthesis, and 28 articles were selected to provide the data for biological methods for the formulation of metal NPs from bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants with their extensive synthetic procedures. Moreover, 27 articles outlined various clinical applications of metal NPs due to their antimicrobial and anticancer activities and their use in drug delivery. Several reviews are available on the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their pharmaceutical applications. However, this review provides updated research data along with the various methods employed for their development. It also summarizes their various advantages and clinical applications (anticancer, antimicrobial drug delivery, and many others) for various phytoconstituents. The overview of earlier patents by several scientists in the arena of metallic nanoparticle preparation and formulation is also presented. This review will be helpful in increasing the current knowledge and will also inspire to innovation of nanoparticles for the precise and targeted delivery of phytoconstituents for the treatment of several diseases.

Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extract, its structural and optical properties and application

The nanoparticles being the most utilized invention of nanoscience and technology, which is used in many aspects of science and medicine. These remarkable utilization of particles is due to their diverse properties at nano level. The chemical and physical approach to formation of nanoparticles are toxic to surroundings also leading to less efficient usage of them in medical perspective. In this article green synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles is done by sol-gel auto combustion using Caralluma Tuberculata extract as reducing agent, iron nitrate and cobalt nitrate as precursor salts. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are used in many aspects for certain properties such as antimicrobial activities the synthesized particles were characterized using different techniques such as UV Spectroscopy, SEM, FTIR, XRD,EDX. The antibacterial activity of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles is performed which shows remarkable results by increasing the inhibition zone for both E coli and Staphylococcus bacteria