Zeta Potential Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Behavioural changes, DNA damage and histological alterations in Labeo rohita fingerlings in response to organic-coated silver nanoparticles.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant global attention from researchers due to their unique physicochemical properties and wide-ranging applications in industry and medicine. However, their release into aquatic ecosystems has raised concerns regarding potential ecotoxicological consequences. The present study investigated the effects of polyvinyl pyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles on Labeo rohita fingerlings, focusing on behavioural reactions, genotoxic effects, histological changes and bioaccumulation. L. rohita fingerlings were exposed to polyvinyl pyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 18 to 29nm for 7days at concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 ug/l. The nanoparticle zeta potential was found to be extremely negative, measuring - 55.5mV for 18nm and - 31.4mV for 29nm. Behavioural abnormalities, including respiratory distress, reduced responsiveness and erratic swimming, were observed in exposed groups compared to controls, with severity increasing with higher nanoparticle concentrations. Genotoxicity assessment revealed significantly higher DNA damage in kidney cells compared to gill cells. Histological examination of gill tissues showed clogging in primary and secondary lamellae, along with distorted anatomy, necrosis and vacuolar atrophy in peripheral tubules of the kidneys. The kidneys exhibited greater nanoparticle accumulation than the gills with prolonged exposure. Moreover, 18nm AgNPs induced more pronounced DNA damage and histological alterations in the kidney and gill tissues compared to 29nm nanoparticles. This study elucidates the critical role of monitoring AgNPs in aquatic systems, providing essential data on their behaviour and environmental impacts. The findings highlight the need for improved detection techniques and effective management of AgNP contamination. Future research should focus on developing more sensitive analytical methods, understanding long-term ecological effects and exploring innovative remediation strategies.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle from flower extract of Dillenia indica and its efficacy as antibacterial and antioxidant

Dillenia indica is a medicinal tree of the Dilleniaceae and its flower extract was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs). The optimal conditions for AgNPs synthesis were as such: 2 mM AgNO3, pH 4.5 and 48-h reaction time. The characteristic band of AgNPs was observed at the wavelength of 435 nm by UV–visible spectroscopic study. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis depicted the involvement of several functional groups of plant extracts in the synthesis of AgNPs. Nanoparticles were mostly spherical shaped and uniformly distributed, when observation was made by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) showed absorption peak approximately at 3 keV thus confirmed the presence of silver metal in AgNP. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis exhibited average size of the nanoparticles as 50.17 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.298. The zeta potential of nanoparticles was observed as −24.9 mV. To assess antibacterial activity, both AgNPs alone or its combination with the antibiotic were tried against six pathogenic bacteria. The combination of AgNPs with antibiotic was maximum effective against Shigella boydii (16.07 ± 0.35) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.03 ± 0.20). AgNPs alone showed maximum inhibition for both Gram-positive bacteria: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (19.97 ± 0.20 mm) and Enterococcus faecium (19.80 ± 0.15 mm). Maximum inhibition of Enterobactor cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed by antibiotic taken alone. Evaluation through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and DNA nicking assays demonstrated the antioxidant capabilities of the nanoparticles.

Using the vector of the ideality of correlation to simulate the zeta potential of nanoparticles under different experimental conditions, represented by quasi-SMILES

Using the vector of the ideality of correlation to simulate the zeta potential of nanoparticles under different experimental conditions, represented by quasi-SMILES

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Lithium Metal Ion

Nanoparticles have enormous potential application in drug delivery system. Chitosan nanoparticles have received plenty of attention due to their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and controlled drug release. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles as a carrier in the preparation of Lithium loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Lithium loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles were prepared by using Ionotropic gelation method. The cross linking between TPP and chitosan was determined by FTIR studies. The particle size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyser. The particle size for chitosan nanoparticles and Lithium loaded chitosan nanoparticles were found to be148.4 nm and 179.0 nm respectively. The zeta potential for chitosan nanoparticles and Lithium loaded chitosan nanoparticles were found to be+35.70mV and +29mV. These nanoparticles have good loading capacity of 11% for Lithium. These studies suggest that chitosan can complex TPP to form Lithium loaded nanoparticles. Key Words: Nanoparticles, Chitosan, Ionotropic Gelation, Lithium

Tumour-specific hybrid nanoparticles in therapy of breast cancer

In this study, salicylic acid (SA) dopped into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and prepared nanoparticles (NPs) to increase encapsulation efficiency, anti-cancer activity of caffeic acid (Caff), and folic acid (FA) for breast cancer treatment. NPs were prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterised by FTIR, DSC, SEM, and entrapment-loading efficiencies. The mean diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro release and stability studies were done via eppendorf method. The cytotoxicity, cell dead and internalisation of NPs were shown by MTT, fluorescein and confocal microscopy. The diameter and ZP of NPs were 172 ± 7 nm and −29 ± 0.38 mV. The entrapment efficiencies of 5 and 10 Caff NPs were 79 ± 0.23% and 70 ± 0.42%. NPs showed good stability within 30 d and sustained release over 25 d. FA-5Caff NPs showed 37 ± 0.3% viability on MCF-7. FA-Caff NPs were identified as promising carrier system for breast cancer therapy.

Simply and Cheaply Prepared Liposomal Membrane for Nanocarriers: High Encapsulation Efficiency Based on Broad Regulation of Surface Charges and pH-Switchable Performance.

The zeta potential of nanoparticles impacts their distribution and metabolism in the body as well as their interaction with medications of varying charges, hence altering therapeutic efficacy and safety. In this paper, the external charges of liposomes were regulated by utilizing a simple and economical method based on competition for protons of cationic chitosan (CS) and anion hyaluronic acid (HA). The charge regulation of a liposomal membrane is generally accomplished by adjusting the ratio of charged lipids within a liposome (e.g., cationic DOTAP or anionic DOPS), the stability of which was maintained by the coating materials of cationic chitosan (CS) or anion hyaluronic acid (HA). A series of nanoparticles could respond to pH-stimulation with adjustable surface charge. Moreover, the sizes of liposomes coated with CS and HA remain within a narrow range. In vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed that the nanocarriers were safe, and the nanoparticles containing antitumor medicines were efficient in tumor therapy. Considering liposomes with different external surface charges could be aimed at diverse therapy purposes. The strategies for regulating liposomal surface charges with high encapsulation rates and certain release cycles reported here could provide a versatile platform as carriers for the delivery of drugs and other macromolecules into human bodies.

Piperine Extraction and Encapsulation in Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles

Black pepper, a commonly utilized culinary condiment, holds significant importance in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicinal practices due to its various biological benefits, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. To amplify these attributes and enhance their efficacy in formulations, the utilization of nanocarriers presents a promising approach. Thus, the objective of this study was to obtain a pepper extract, evaluate its constituents, and encapsulate it in polymeric nanoparticles. The ethanol extract of the grains powder had a higher concentration of piperine and better antioxidant activity when compared to whole grains. Pepper extract encapsulation efficiency in terms of piperine concentration was 84.8 ± 3.5%, and a sustained and prolonged release profile was observed, as well as other studies in the literature using polycaprolactone (PCL). The presence of the extract did not change the instability index and the sedimentation velocity of the nanoparticles, as well as the polydispersity index and the zeta potential of nanoparticles. However, there was a difference in the mean size and concentration of particles. This study highlights the potential of PCL nanoparticles as a promising delivery system for black pepper extract, which could have various applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, maximizing the benefits of black pepper extract.

Encapsulation of Heracleum persicum essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles and its application in yogurt.

Heracleum percicum essential oil (HEO) at various levels was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles and its potential application in yogurt was investigated. The values obtained for encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, mean particle size, and zeta potential of nanoparticles were 39.12-70.22%, 9.14-14.26%, 201.23-336.17 nm, and + 20.19-46.37 mV, respectively. The nanoparticles had spherical shape with some holes as a result of drying process. In vitro release studies in acidic solution and phosphate buffer solution indicated an initial burst effect followed by slow release with higher release rate in acidic medium. Results of antibacterial activity revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium with inhibition zones of 21.04-38.10 and 9.39-20.56 mm were the most sensitive and resistant bacteria to HEO, respectively. Incorporation of encapsulated HEO into yogurt decreased pH and increased titratable acidity due to stimulation of starters' activity. Interaction of nanoparticles with proteins decreased syneresis in yogurt. Regarding antioxidant activity, a higher value was observed in yogurt containing encapsulated HEO after 14 days of storage due to degradation and release of essential oil from nanoparticles. In conclusion, application of HEO nanoparticles in yogurt could be a promising approach for development of functional food products such as yogurt with enhanced antioxidant properties.

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of cobalt vanadate nanoparticles for supercapacitor applications

Recently, cobalt and vanadium-based transition metal electrodes have found increased demand in energy storage applications. A simple hydrothermal method is used to synthesize the cobalt vanadate (Co2V2O7) nanomaterials, followed by calcination at 450 °C in an air environment. The nanocomposite thus prepared was examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. According to the XRD, the synthesized Co2V2O7 nanoparticles showed a monoclinic crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 25.14 nm. The nanocomposite obtained from the hydrothermal synthesis had an average size of 37.3 nm, and it was observed that the nanoparticle's zeta potential was −61.2 mV showing excellent dispersion and durability. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to investigate the Co2V2O7 nanocomposites electrochemical performance. The nanocomposite exhibited a specific capacitance of 148.5 F g−1. It was demonstrated that synthesized Co2V2O7 nanoparticles could potentially result in a future application for energy storage devices like supercapacitor.

The effect of surface properties of silicon dioxide nanoparticle in drilling fluid on return permeability

The oil and gas industry faces significant challenges in drilling and completion operations, particularly with respect to formation damage and wellbore instability. One approach to mitigating these issues is the use of nanoparticle-enhanced drilling fluids, which can improve fluid filtration and reduce formation damage. However, the influence of nanoparticle surface properties on these effects is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the zeta potential of nanoparticles in drilling fluids on the filtration of drilling fluids and its effect on the permeability of porous media. The motivation behind this work is to enhance the understanding of the role of nanoparticle surface properties in improving drilling fluid filtration and reducing formation damage. The novelty of this work lies in the exploration of the influence of nanoparticle surface properties on the return permeability of porous media. Silicon dioxides were used to represent the nanoparticles, and the surface was modified by silanization with a carboxyl group. Filtration and permeability alteration were analyzed using return permeability experiments on Berea sandstone cores under overburden pressure, pore pressure, overbalance pressure, and temperatures of 3000 psi (20.68 MPa), 1000 psi (6.89 MPa), 500 psi (3.45 MPa), and 140 °F (60 °C), respectively. Bentonite-free water-based drilling fluid and sodium chloride brine were used to represent the formation fluids. The results show that the addition of non-functionalized SiO2, and low and high carboxyl functionalized SiO2 reduced the filtration by 13%, 33%, and 36%, respectively. Although the addition of nanoparticles into the drilling fluid can reduce fluid invasion into the porous media, solid invasion into the porous media can be detrimental and cannot be easily remediated in recovering return permeability. Return permeability of porous media after exposure to drilling fluids without nanoparticles and with non-functionalized SiO2 decreased by 47% and 82%, respectively. In contrast, exposure to drilling fluid with low and high carboxyl functionalized SiO2 decreased only by 21% and 15%, indicating the importance of nanoparticle surface properties in increasing the return permeability of porous media.

Interpretable machine learning-accelerated seed treatment using nanomaterials for environmental stress alleviation.

Crops are constantly challenged by different environmental conditions. Seed treatment using nanomaterials is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for environmental stress mitigation in crop plants. Here, 56 seed nanopriming treatments are used to alleviate environmental stresses in maize. Seven selected nanopriming treatments significantly increase the stress resistance index (SRI) by 13.9% and 12.6% under salinity stress and combined heat-drought stress, respectively. Metabolomics data reveal that ZnO nanopriming treatment, with the highest SRI value, mainly regulates the pathways of amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolite synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and translation. Understanding the mechanism of seed nanopriming is still difficult due to the variety of nanomaterials and the complexity of interactions between nanomaterials and plants. Using the nanopriming data, we present an interpretable structure-activity relationship (ISAR) approach based on interpretable machine learning for predicting and understanding its stress mitigation effects. The post hoc and model-based interpretation approaches of machine learning are integrated to provide complementary advantages and may yield more illuminating or trustworthy results for researchers or policymakers. The concentration, size, and zeta potential of nanoparticles are identified as dominant factors for correlating root dry weight under salinity stress, and their effects and interactions are explained. Additionally, a web-based interactive tool is developed for offering prediction-level interpretation and gathering more details about a specific nanopriming treatment. This work offers a promising framework for accelerating the agricultural applications of nanomaterials and may contribute to nanosafety assessment.

Use of the quantum dot-labeled solid lipid nanoparticles for delivery of streptomycin and hydroxychloroquine: A new therapeutic approach for treatment of intracellular Brucella abortus infection

Brucellosis is considered one of the most important infectious diseases affecting any tissue and organ in the human body. Due to the intracellular pathogenesis of Brucella species, the use of conventional antibiotics for managing chronic brucellosis has several limitations. Therefore, the study focused on the use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) to deliver streptomycin (STR) for intracellular infection, with or without the combination of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to evaluate if there might be a boost in the antibiotic effect when using the STR or STR-NPs alone. We used the double emulsion technique to synthesize Nano drug carriers; afterward, the physicochemical characteristics of synthesized Nano drug carriers were determined. The in vitro antibacterial activity of free drugs and Nano drug carriers were evaluated using well diffusion, broth microdilution assays (BMD), and murine macrophage-like cells cell line J774A.1. Additionally, acute and chronic phases of brucellosis were inducted into Wistar rats, and healing capacity of Nano drug carriers on liver and spleen tissues was compared with free drugs. The zeta potential of nanoparticles, means of size, Polydispersity Index (PDI), drugs loading, and encapsulation efficiency were 15.2 mV, 312.5 ± 26 nm, 0.433 ± 0.09, 16.6% and 89.5%, respectively. Well diffusion and BMD methods did not show a significantly differ between free drugs and nano drug carriers. However, the Nano drug carriers remarkably decreased the number of bacteria in the cell line compared to the free drugs. STR/HCQ-SLN enhanced the healing processes of the liver and spleen after brucellosis induction. STR/HCQ-SLN showed better inhibitory effects against the chronic phase of B. abortus infection in comparison to the STR-SLN, but this difference was not statistically significant. Using nanoplatforms to enhance conventional anti-brucellosis agents is promising, green and safe. Due to the continuous release of drugs, drugs increase their accumulation at the site of infection, causing a more significant effect on the chronic and acute phases of brucellosis.

Nano antioxidant serum ethanol extract lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia S.)

Serum is a cosmetic that has received great attention from the industry, but the main challenges are appearance, transparency and public acceptance of herbal active ingredients. On the other hand, herbal cosmetics, such as those using lime peel, are also growing. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of lime peel made in a nano extract serum preparation. The method for making nano extracts uses ionic gelation with PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) and Zeta Potential characterization. The concentration of nano serum of lime peel ethanol extract used was 0.5%; 1%; and 3%. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity testing method uses DPPH and data analysis applied one-way ANOVA then by Tukey test. The results of the nano extract serum formulation using organoleptic testing are transparent, thick and liquid, odorless, and feel moist on the skin. The results of nanoparticle characterization using PSA measurements with three replications were 295.1; 320.3; 385.4 nm and the results of testing the zeta potential of nanoparticles with three replications, namely 3.2; 3.4; 6.0mV. Furthermore, the results of the antioxidant activity test on the basis of the preparation formula are classified as weak (IC50 value of 156.22 μg/mL); Meanwhile, preparation formula with a concentration of 0.5%; 1%; 3% are considered very strong (IC50 value of 46.39 μg/mL; 41.06 μg/mL; 36.27 μg/mL). The results of data analysis consider significance of p value below 0.05. The conclusion is nano lime peel extract meets the requirements and the serum preparation meets the requirements and has antioxidant activity.

Preparation and characterization studies of chitosan encapsulated ZnO nanoparticles modified with folic acid and their antibacterial activity against selected bacterial species

This article deals with the preparation of Chitosan (CS) coated Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles modified with Folic Acid (FA) via the simple solvothermal method. The physicochemical properties were evaluated through characterization studies such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The crystalline size of the nanoparticles examined was 21.45 nm and 16.57 nm. The samples were subjected to antibacterial test (Gram-positive S. aureus, B. subtilis, and Gram-negative E. coli, P. aerugenosa) by the modified Kirby- Bauer well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using the broth dilution method in 96-well microtiter plate. This method was used to test the susceptibility of microorganisms. At high concentrations, CS-ZnO nanoparticles were found to have the highest zone of inhibition against S. aureus (20 mm) and B. subtilis (20 mm) and the lowest against E. coli (18 mm) and P. aeruginosa (10 mm). The MIC results were determined to be in the order CS-ZnO ˂ FA-CS-ZnO. The zeta potential of nanoparticles was estimated to be −19.1 ± 6.60 mV (CS-ZnO) and −29.3 ± 5.56 mV (FA-CS-ZnO), respectively.

Construction of a Stimuli-Responsive DNAzyme-Braked DNA Nanomachine for the Amplified Imaging of miRNAs in Living Cells and Mice

Construction of a Stimuli-Responsive DNAzyme-Braked DNA Nanomachine for the Amplified Imaging of miRNAs in Living Cells and Mice

Intraperitoneal administration of PLGA nanoparticles could deliver the cargo to tumor-associated macrophages with less spreading peritoneal macrophages in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis

The survival time of patients with peritoneal metastasis is limited despite all treatments. Recent studies revealed that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are educated in the tumor microenvironment for tumor growth and progression. The use of nanoparticles is considered an opportunity to deliver the therapeutics for depletion or re-education of these TAMs. In this study, it was planned to answer whether Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles applied to the peritoneum could be successful in delivering drugs to TAMs in peritoneal metastasis. For this purpose, Nile red loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. Nil-PLGA NPs and nil red solution were injected intraperitoneally to mice model of CT-26 colon adenocarcinoma peritoneal metastasis, and nile red labeled macrophages were evaluated with the flow cytometer. The average particle size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were found as 238.4 ± 22.9 nm and −1.38 ± 1.35 mV, respectively. Labeled macrophages percent in the tumor was not found statistically different. On the other hand, after intraperitoneal administration of nil red solution, there was a very high nile red transfer to macrophages within the peritoneum. This widespread transfer was prevented by the application of nile red-loaded nanoparticles. This result shows that intraperitoneal application of PLGA nanoparticles could be an opportunity for drug delivery to TAMs with less damage to intraperitoneal macrophages.

Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Physically Admixed with Lactose Microspheres for Pulmonary Delivery of Montelukast.

This study aimed to synthesise montelukast-loaded polymeric nanoparticles via the ionic gelation method using chitosan as a natural polymer and tripolyphosphate as a crosslinking agent. Tween 80, hyaluronic acid and leucine were added to modify the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, reduce the nanoparticles’ uptake by alveolar macrophages and improve powder aerosolisation, respectively. The nanoparticles ranged from 220 nm to 383 nm with a polydispersity index of ≤0.50. The zeta potential of nanoparticles ranged from 11 mV to 22 mV, with a drug association efficiency of 46–86%. The simple chitosan nanoparticles (F2) were more spherical in comparison to other formulations (F4–F6), while the roughness of hyaluronic acid (F5) and leucine (F6) added formulations was significantly high er than F2 and Tween 80 added formulation (F4). The DSC and FTIR analysis depict that the physical and chemical properties of the drug were preserved. The release of the drugs from nanoparticles was more sustained in the case of F5 and F6 when compared to F2 and F4 due to the additional coating of hyaluronic acid and leucine. The nanoparticles were amorphous and cohesive and prone to exhalation due to their small size. Therefore, nanoparticles were admixed with lactose microspheres to reduce particle agglomeration and improve powder dispersion from a dry powder inhaler (DPI). The DPI formulations achieved a dispersed fraction of 75 to 90%, a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1–2 µm and a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 28–83% when evaluated using the Anderson cascade impactor from Handihaler®. Overall, the montelukast-loaded nanoparticles physically admixed with lactose microspheres achieved optimum deposition in the deep lung for potential application in asthmatic patients.

Preparing simvastatin nanoparticles by a combination of pH-sensitive and timed-release approaches for the potential treatment of ulcerative colitis.

In this study, an emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to produce Eudragit RL (ERL) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with simvastatin (SIM) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Accordingly, the effects of different formulation variables on the properties of NPs were evaluated using the Box-Behnken design. The optimized NPs were then coated by Eudragit FS30D (EFS30D). Drug release was studied in different physiological environments. Colitis was induced by 3% of acetic acid in rats, which received NPs of SIM (10mg/kg/day), mesalazine (150mg/kg/day), blank NPs and normal saline orally for 5days. Macroscopic histopathological evaluation and biochemical analysis, including myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the colon tissues, were carried out in this study. The optimized SIM-ERL NPs showed the particle size of 182.48 ± 4.57nm, the polydispersity index of 0.29 ± 0.12, the zeta potential of 26.45 ± 4.57mV, drug loading % of 34.64 ± 0.48, the encapsulation efficiency % of 98.68 ± 0.69, and the release efficiency % of 35.78 ± 1.37. Coating the optimized NPs with EFS30D caused an increase in particle size and a decrease in the zeta potential of NPs. The optimized SIM-EFS30D/RL NPs improved the macroscopic and histopathological scores. Also, MPO activity and MDA level were reduced significantly by NPs, as compared to the control group. Therefore, this drug delivery system can be an alternative to the previous treatments of UC.

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline zinc vanadate (Zn2V2O7) on graphene oxide scaffolds

Transition Metal Vanadates proved to have diversified applications in photochemical, electrochemical, energy generation and storage, and fluorescence materials. Bandgap fabrication and modifying structure morphology to suit the need have been challenging. Nanocrystalline Zinc vanadate (Zn2V2O7) crystals on Graphene Oxide scaffolds were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structure and functional bonding properties of the prepared nanomaterial was analyzed by powder X-Ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The bandgap is determined by UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and the surface charge and particle size are analyzed by dynamic light scattering analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with a Field Emission gun is employed to check the material's morphology. The nanoparticles obtained were of size 37.1 nm, and the zeta potential of nanoparticles was found to be − 29.6 mV, which indicates the dispersion and stability of the material prepared. The specific capacitance value of the synthesized nanoparticles was 148.1 Fg−1. The active composite material was exploited as an electrode for the supercapacitor application, and it revealed that synthesized Zn2V2O7 nanoparticles lead to a possible application for future energy storage technologies.

Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of doxorubicin-coupled chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles

In this study, we developed pH-sensitive chito-oligosaccharide nano-drug-loaded particles with good biocompatibility, biodegradation, and controlled drug delivery. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), Doxorubicin (DOX) amino groups, and aromatic aldehydes of benzaldehyde-terminated polyethylene glycol were used to spontaneously form pH-sensitive aniline bonds. We aimed to achieve site targeting under weak acidic tumor conditions, improve the efficacy, and reduce the toxic side effects of the drug. Particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency, and zeta potential of nanoparticles were optimized by altering the ratios of aldehyde, amino groups, and sodium tripolyphosphate. The drug encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency of COS-DOX1 were 5.55 ± 0.13% and 88.81 ± 2.00%, respectively, and the in vitro drug release process displayed a specific pH responsiveness. Co-culture of COS-DOX with HCT-116 human colon cancer cells showed that the nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity. At a low dose, COS-DOX1 can promote DOX uptake of tumor cells and exhibit higher cytotoxicity than DOX alone.